21. Bernoulli_Jacob Portraits Portraits of jacob bernoulli jacob bernoulli. This is taken from a Swiss stamp http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/PictDisplay/Bernoulli_Jacob.html

Jacob Bernoulli This is taken from a Swiss stamp You can see a bigger picture of this stamp at this site JOC/EFR February 2002 The URL of this page is: http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/PictDisplay/Bernoulli_Jacob.html

22. References For Bernoulli_Jacob G Fenaroli, The regularity of case in the 'Pars Quarta' of the 'Ars coniectandi' of jacob bernoulli, Physis Riv. http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/References/Bernoulli_Jacob.html

References for Jacob Bernoulli Biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York 1970-1990). Biography in Encyclopaedia Britannica. Books: H Bernhard, The Bernoulli family, in H Wussing and W Arnold, Biographien bedeutender Mathematiker (Berlin, 1983). J O Fleckenstein, Johann und Jacob Bernoulli (Basel, 1949). V A Nikiforovskii, The great mathematicians Bernoulli (Russian), History of Science and Technology Nauka' (Moscow, 1984). Articles: H J M Bos, The lemniscate of Bernoulli, in For Dirk Struik (Dordrecht, 1974), 3-14. T Boswell, The brothers James and John Bernoulli on the parallelism between logic and algebra, Hist. Philos. Logic M de la Cinta Badillo, Jacobo Bernoulli (Spanish), Gaceta Mat. Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel G Fenaroli, The regularity of case in the 'Pars Quarta' of the 'Ars coniectandi' of Jacob Bernoulli, Physis - Riv. Internaz. Storia Sci. I Hacking, Jacques Bernoulli's 'Art of conjecturing', British J. Philos. Sci. Enseignement Math. C S Roero, Jakob Bernoulli, attentive student of the work of Archimedes : marginal notes to the edition of Barrow (Italian), Boll. Storia Sci. Mat.

23. UB Basel: Bernoulli-Edition Translate this page und 18. Jahrhunderts. Darunter nehmen die Materialien zu Leben und Werk der MathematikerBernoulli und jacob Hermanns eine herausragende Stellung ein. http://www.ub.unibas.ch/spez/bernoull.htm

Bernoulli-Edition Ziel, Geschichte und Organisation Die Stammtafel der Mathematiker Bernoulli Das Basler Quellenmaterial Die editorische Erschliessung ... Personelles Ziel, Geschichte und Organisation Die Bernoulli-Edition hat zum Ziel, die Werke und Briefwechsel der Mathematiker, Physiker und Mediziner, welche die Familie Bernoulli im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert hervorgebracht hat, sowie diejenigen des Bernoulli-Schülers Jacob Hermann dem heutigen Leser durch eine kommentierte Ausgabe zu erschliessen. Index Die Stammtafel der Mathematiker Jacob I Johann I Jacob HERMANN Nicolaus I ... Jacob II Für biographische Informationen auf die Porträts (engl.) oder auf die Legenden (dt.) klicken. Index Das Basler Quellenmaterial Die öffentliche Bibliothek der Universität Basel verfügt über eine ausserordentlich umfangreiche Sammlung von Quellen zur Geschichte der Mathematik und der Naturwissenschaften besonders des 17. und 18. Jahrhunderts. Darunter nehmen die Materialien zu Leben und Werk der Mathematiker Bernoulli und Jacob Hermanns eine herausragende Stellung ein. Diese Materialien umfassen zum Beispiel: umfangreiche Teile des Nachlasses von Daniel I, Daniel II, Jacob I, Jacob II, Johann I, Johann II, Johann III, Nicolaus I, Nicolaus II Bernoulli und von Jacob Hermann

24. UB Basel: Orientalische Handschriften Translate this page bernoulli, Johann jacob (1831-1913), Archäologe Unterlagen zur Person, Briefe,Materialien zum Werk, wissenschaftliche Vorarbeiten, Reisebeschreibungen http://www.ub.unibas.ch/spez/nachl.htm

UB Basel. Handschriftenabteilung alphabetisch geordnet A B C D E ... [TOP] Albert, Totila (1892-1967), Bildhauer Materialien zum Werk, Gedichte. - Unpublizierte Findmittel. Signatur: Nachlass: Albert, Totila. Albrecht, Alice Susanne (1898-1979), Schriftstellerin Signatur: NL 314: Albrecht, Alice Susanne. Unterlagen zur Person, Briefe, Materialien zum Werk, Diverses. - 2,7 m. - Findmittel: Allgemeine Musikgesellschaft Basel (AMG), Archiv, 1750-1998 Akten, Briefe, Diverses, Autographensammlung Christoph Bernoulli, Faszikel Braunstein. - 9 m. - Unpublizierte Findmittel. Altwegg, Wilhelm (1883-1971), Germanist Briefe, Materialien zum Werk, Diverses, Vorlesungsmanuskripte. - 7.7 m. Unpublizierte Findmittel. Signatur: NL 1: Altwegg, Wilhelm. Amberger, Gustav Adolf (1831-1896), Maler Unterlagen zur Person, Briefe, Diverses, Autographen, Bildmaterial. - 0.1 m. - Unpublizierte Findmittel. Signatur: NL 129: Amberger, Gustav Adolf. Amerbach (Familie, 15.-16. Jh.) Briefe. - 8.4 m. - Signaturen: C VI a, C VI b, G II 13-33. Ammann, Benno (1904-1986), Komponist, Dirigent

25. Bernoulli Family 1807). Nicolaus(I) was a nephew of jacob bernoulli and Johann bernoulli.jacob(II) and Johann(III) are both sons of Johann(II). http://members.fortunecity.com/kokhuitan/bernoulli.html

The Mathematics of the Bernoulli Family (Swiss) The Bernoullis are a family of mathematicians. The most famous of them all are the brothers Jacob and Johann, whose father is Nicolaus (1623-1708). Among the wide range of Mathematics pertaining to the Bernoullis are Bernoulli Numbers, Bernoulli Differential Equation, Bernoulli's Principle of Fluid Dynamics, Bernoulli Trial, Bernoulli Inequality, etc. Jacob (1654-1705) is the first of the Bernoullis to make Mathematics a career, despite pressure to seek a career elsewhere. He contributed greatly to Calculus, Infinite Series and Probability. In particular, he published the Law of Large Numbers in 1689. This Law states that if an experiment of an event is carried out a large number of times, then the relative frequency of the event occurring equals the corresponding probability. He also solved what is now called Bernoulli Differential Equation: y' = p(x)y + q(x)y n Among his other works are: A general method to determine evolutes of a curve as the envelope of its circles of curvature.     Caustic curves of parabola, logarithmic spiral and epicycloids (1692-93)

26. Mathematician Index Abel, Niels Henrik Apollonius Archimedes Archytas Argand, Jean Robert AristarchusAristotle Barrow, Isaac bernoulli, Daniel bernoulli, jacob bernoulli, jacob(II http://members.fortunecity.com/kokhuitan/mathematicianindex.html

Index of Mathematicians Abel, Niels Henrik Apollonius Archimedes Archytas ... Zeno Return to Maths Homepage

27. People Five solutions were obtained, jacob bernoulli and Leibniz both solvingthe problem in addition to Johann bernoulli. jacob bernoulli. http://online.redwoods.cc.ca.us/instruct/darnold/CalcProj/Fall98/NateB/people.ht

People Who Studied the Cycloid Johann Bernoulli Jacob Bernoulli Huygens Torricelli ... L'Hospital1 Johann Bernoulli While he held the chair in Groningen, Johann Bernoulli competed with his brother in what was becoming an interesting mathematical tussle but an unfortunately bitter personal battle. Johann proposed the problem of the brachristochrone in June 1696 and challenged others to solve it. Leibniz persuaded him to give a longer time so that foreign mathematicians would also have a chance to solve the problem. Five solutions were obtained, Jacob Bernoulli and Leibniz both solving the problem in addition to Johann Bernoulli. The solution of the cycloid had not been found by Galileo who had earlier given an incorrect solution. Not to be outdone by his brother Jacob then proposed the isoperimetric problem, minimising the area enclosed by a curve. Johann's solution to this problem was less satisfactory than that of Jacob but, when Johann returned to the problem in 1718 having read a work by Taylor, he produced an elegant solution which was to form a foundation for the calculus of variations. http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Bernoulli_Johann.htm

28. 10.3. Bernoulli, Johan (1667-1748) Pioneers in the field of calculus, appied the new tool to real problems, life was one of the most Category Science Math Calculus People...... As for the rest of the bernoulli family, there were eight good mathematicians overthree generations. The three most significant were jacob, Johann and Daniel http://www.shu.edu/projects/reals/history/bernoull.html

10.3. Bernoulli, Johan (1667-1748) IRA Johann Bernoulli was one of the pioneers in the field of calculus and helped apply the new tool to real problems. His life was one of the most controversial of any mathematician. He was a member of the world's most successful mathematical family, the Bernoullis. Johann (also known as Johannes, Jean or John, depending on the translation) Bernoulli was born in Basel, Switzerland, on August 6, 1667. His family had originally been from Antwerp, Belgium, but had fled to avoid persecution by Catholics. After first settling down in Frankfurt, Johann's grandfather moved to Basel in 1622. Johann was the tenth son of a successful merchant and local official. Originally, Johann's father had attempted to make a merchant out of his child but the son failed miserably as an apprentice. In 1683, he was given permission to enter the University of Basel, where his older brother Jacob, who was also a great mathematician, was already a professor. While pursuing a degree in medicine, Johann was tutored in mathematics by his older brother and soon developed a mastery of the new Leibnizian calculus. In 1694, he had committed himself to this new field and received his doctorate on a mathematical paper on muscular movement. Unable to get the seat of mathematics at University of Basel because his brother held it, Johann accepted a position at the University of Groningen. In 1705, he returned to Basel after his brother's death to take Jacob's old position at the university. During his life he was awarded many honors including membership at the Academies of Science at Paris, Berlin, St. Petersburg and many others. He died in Basel on January 1, 1748.

29. Acquiring Statistics | Jacob Bernoulli Tales of Statisticians jacob bernoulli 16541705 jacob (or James,or Jacques), the son of a prosperous Protestant merchant, was http://www.umass.edu/wsp/acquiring/tales/bernoulli.html

Tales of Statisticians Jacob Bernoulli Jacob's most important work was the Ars Conjectandi, which like the paper of Thomas Bayes was published only after his death (in 1713). With de Moivre's work of 1718, it is the first major treatise in the field of probability and statistics. Bernoulli's legacy, like his life, has an oppositional character. The Ars Conjectandi defines a "frequentist" or objective position as against the "expectation" or subjective position which has developed from the work of Bayes. Opposition between these two viewpoints still to some extent divides statistics into two hostile camps. One subgroup of the International Association for Statistics is called the Bernoulli Society. Bernoulli developed the binomial approach of Pascal, in which the binomial coefficients of the Pascal Triangle have their place. A coin toss or other trial which can have only one of two outcomes is sometimes called a Bernoulli trial. We have avoided this and similar terms in the interest of accessibility for beginning readers (for whom these Lessons are intended), but we gladly acknowledge Bernoulli's contribution on this page. Acquiring Statistics Comments to The Author Annals of Statistics / Exit to Project Home Page

30. Jacob Bernoulli ‚Ì•æ–Á”è BASEL jacob bernoulli. jacob bernoulli ?(147kb?). AUG. http://www.officenet.co.jp/~urakawa/be/bernoulli.html

JACOB BERNULLI‚Ì•æ–Á”è BASEL‚̑吹“°“à‚É‚ ‚é ‚i‚`‚b‚n‚a ‚a‚d‚q‚m‚n‚t‚k‚k‚h ƒXƒCƒX‚̃o[ƒ[ƒ‹‚̑吹“°‚É‚ ‚éAƒ„ƒRƒuEƒxƒ‹ƒk[ƒC‚Ì•æ–Á”è‚̎ʐ^‚Å‚·B ‰º‚Ì•û‚ɁAuÄ‚Ñ‚æ‚Ý‚ª‚¦‚év‚ÌŒ¾—t‚Æ‚Æ‚à‚ɁA—†ùiƒAƒ‹ƒLƒƒfƒX‚Ì—†ù‚É‚Ý‚¦‚éj‚ª•`‚©‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·B AUG. 11, ‚P‚X‚X‚W ŽB‰e C.S. IACOBUS BERNOULLI MATHIMATICUS INCOMPARABILIS ACAD. BASEL VLTRA XVIII ANNOS PROF. ACADEM. ITEM REGI AE PARIS. ET BERO‚k‚hN SO CIUS EDITES LUCUBRAT.INLUSTRI. MORBO CHRONICO MENTE AD EXTREMUN INTEGRA ANNO SAL. CIOIOCCV.D.XVI .AUGUSTI AE TATIS L.M.VII EXTINCTUS RESURPECT.PIOR.HICPR ASTOLATUR IUDITHASTUPANA XX ANNOR.VXOR CUM DUOBUS LIBERIS MARITO ET PARENTI EHEU DESIDERATISS H.M.P. RESURGO EADEM MUTAIA i’j 11s–Ú‰ºü•”‚Ì‚b‚Ì— •Ô‚µ•¶Žš‚́A‚n‚Å‘ã—p ‚Í‚¶‚߂̃y[ƒW‚É–ß‚é

31. Jacob Bernoulli, Montmort E De Moivre Translate this page jacob bernoulli, Montmort e De Moivre. jacob bernoulli (1654-1705). O livrode jacob bernoulli Ars Conjectandi está dividido em 4 partes http://www.terravista.pt/MeiaPraia/5079/jacob.htm

Jacob Bernoulli, Montmort e De Moivre Jacob Bernoulli Capítulo 13 do livro "Games, Goods and Gambling", de F. N. David. Ars conjectandi Livro IV, Capítulos 1-3 Livro IV, Capítulo 4 O livro de Jacob Bernoulli Ars Conjectandi está dividido em 4 partes: 1ª parte : é uma reedição do tratado de Huygens: Exercitationes mathematicae libri quinque 2ª parte : é dedicada à teoria das permutações e combinações. 3ª parte : consiste na solução de vários problemas referentes a jogos de azar (sorte) 4ª parte : propõe a aplicação da teoria das probabilidades a questões de interesse moral e às ciências económicas e políticas. Nesta parte Bernoulli aponta para que não é possível haver acontecimentos reais absolutamente certos e introduz a ideia de "certeza moral", considerando que para um acontecimento ser moralmente certo, a sua probabilidade não deverá ser inferior a 0,99. Foi para determinar a certeza moral de um acontecimento que Bernoulli formula e demonstra o seu teorema mais conhecido - a Lei dos Grandes Números. A lei pode enunciar-se do seguinte modo:

32. De_L'Hopital l'Hospital) wrote the first textbook on calculus in 1696 which was much influencedby the lectures of his teacher Johann bernoulli, jacob bernoulli and Leibniz http://www.mathematik.ch/mathematiker/hopital.php

Home Geschichte Mathematiker Zitate ... Suche Guillaume De l'Hôpital (1661, Paris - 1704, Paris) Guillaume De l'Hôpital (auch: de l'Hospital) wrote the first textbook on calculus in 1696 which was much influenced by the lectures of his teacher Johann Bernoulli Jacob Bernoulli and Leibniz. L'Hôpital served as a cavalry officer but resigned because of nearsightedness. From that time on he directed his attention to mathematics. L'Hôpital was taught calculus by Johann Bernoulli in 1691. L'Hôpital was a very competent mathematician and solved the brachystochrone problem. The fact that this problem was solved independently by Newton Leibniz and Jacob Bernoulli puts l'Hôpital in very good company. L'Hôpital's fame is based on his book Analyse des infiniment petits pour l'intelligence des lignes courbes (1692) which was the first text-book to be written on the differential calculus. In the introduction L'Hôpital acknowledges his indebtedness to Leibniz, Jacob Bernoulli and Johann Bernoulli but L'Hôpital regarded the foundations provided by him as his own ideas. In this book is found the rule, now known as L'Hôpital's rule, for finding the limit of a rational function whose numerator and denominator tend to zero at a point:

33. Johann Bernoulli He was the brother of jacob bernoulli but Johann was twelve years younger than hisbrother jacob which meant that jacob was already a young man while Johann http://www.mathematik.ch/mathematiker/johann_bernoulli.php

Home Geschichte Mathematiker Zitate ... Suche Bernoulli Johann (1667, Basel - 1748, Basel) Johann Bernoulli was the tenth child of Nicolaus and Margaretha Bernoulli. He was the brother of Jacob Bernoulli but Johann was twelve years younger than his brother Jacob which meant that Jacob was already a young man while Johann was still a child. The two brothers were to have an important influence on each others mathematical development and it was particularly true that in his early years Johann must have been greatly influenced by seeing Jacob head towards a mathematical career despite the objections of his parents. As to his education as a child, Johann wrote in his autobiography that his parents:- ... spared no trouble or expense to give me a proper education in both morals and religion. This religion was the Calvinist faith which had forced his grandparents to flee from Antwerp to avoid religious persecution. Nicolaus and Margaretha Bernoulli tried to set Johann on the road to a business career but, despite his father's strong pushing, Johann seemed to be totally unsuited to a future in business. Johann's father had intended him to take over the family spice business and in 1682, when he was 15 years old, Johann worked in the spice trade for a year but, not liking the work, he did not do well. It was with great reluctance that Johann's father agreed in 1683 to Johann entering the University of Basel. The subject that Johann Bernoulli was to study at university was medicine, a topic that many members of the Bernoulli family ended up studying despite their liking for mathematics and mathematical physics.

34. életrajzok: B február 8.—1782. március 17.) svájci matematikus és fizikus. bernoulli,jacob (1654. december 27.—1705. augusztus 16.) svájci matematikus. http://www.iif.hu/~visontay/ponticulus/eletrajzok/b.html

rovatok j¡t©k arch­vum jegyzetek mutat³k kitekintő v©lem©nyek inform¡ci³k ©letrajzok magyar¡zatok forr¡sok BABBAGE, Charles (1792. december 26.—1871. okt³ber 18.): angol matematikus, k¶zgazd¡sz, feltal¡l³, sz¡m­t³g©ptervező. Cambridge-i professzor, Munk¡ss¡ga kiterjedt a f¼ggv©nyelm©let, a sz¡m­t¡stechnika ©s a k¶zgazdas¡gtan ter¼let©re. Neki jutott elősz¶r esz©be, hogy a Jacquard (1752—1834) ¡ltal feltal¡lt lyukk¡rty¡k nemcsak a sz¶vőg©pek, hanem a mechanikus sz¡mol³g©pek vez©rl©s©re is alkalmasak lehetnek. 1822-ben ©p­tette meg a csillag¡szati ©s haj³z¡si t¡bl¡zatok sz¡m­t¡s¡ra szolg¡l³ lyukk¡rtyavez©rl©sű mechanikus sz¡mol³g©p©t (Difference Engine=differenciag©p) . K¶vetkező, műveletsorok kisz¡m­t¡s¡ra is alkalmas programozhat³ g©pe (Analitical Engine=analiz¡l³g©p) a mai modern elektronikus sz¡m­t³g©pek elődj©nek tekinthető. BABITS Mih¡ly (1883—1941): k¶ltő, ­r³, műford­t³, essz©ista, az MTA tagja (1940). A Nyugat első nemzed©k©nek kiemelkedő k©pviselője, a k©t vil¡gh¡borº k¶z¶tti magyar polg¡ri irodalom egyik ir¡ny­t³ja. A Nyugat szerkesztője (1919—29-ben Osv¡t Ernővel, 1929—33-ban M³ricz Zsigmonddal, 1933-t³l hal¡l¡ig egyed¼l). 1927-től a Baumgarten-alap­tv¡ny irodalmi kur¡tora. M¡r fiatal l­rikusk©nt a klasszikus form¡k mestere. Rokonszenvezett az 1918—19-es forradalmi mozgalmakkal; a Tan¡csk¶zt¡rsas¡g megd¶nt©se ut¡n ez©rt t¡mad¡sok ©rt©k, melyekre mentegetőző tanulm¡nnyal felelt (

35. Jacob Bernoulli http://www.greece.k12.ny.us/taylor/ppt/math/Bernoulli_files/frame.htm

36. Jacob Bernoulli 28Oct-00 jacob bernoulli http://www.greece.k12.ny.us/taylor/ppt/math/Bernoulli.htm

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37. Malffati Problem And Jacob Bernoulli By Antreas P. Hatzipolakis Malffati Problem and jacob bernoulli by Antreas P. Hatzipolakis. reply tothis message post a message on a new topic Back to mathhistory-list http://mathforum.org/epigone/math-history-list/spouvervex

Malffati Problem and Jacob Bernoulli by Antreas P. Hatzipolakis reply to this message post a message on a new topic Back to math-history-list Subject: Malffati Problem and Jacob Bernoulli Author: xpolakis@hol.gr Date: http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history//Mathematicians/Malfatti.html The Math Forum

38. Bernoulli Translate this page Euler que ganó 12. Murió de un paro respiratorio. jacob II bernoulli.Nació 1759 Murió 3 de julio de 1789. Por mediación de su http://www.terra.es/personal/jftjft/Historia/Biografias/Bernoulli.htm

Los Bernoulli Fecha de primera versión: 15-11-97 Fecha de última actualización: Los hijos de los genios, de cualquier ciencia o arte, no suelen ser genios. Está claro que el genio no se hereda. Los Bernoulli son la excepción: Tres generaciones de matemáticos tiene esta familia. La saga comienza con Jacob I y Johann I. En la segunda generación, tres hijos de Johann I, Daniel I Johann II y Nicolás II y un sobrino, Nicolas I. En la tercera generación, tres hijos de Nicolas II, Johann III, Daniel II y Jacob II. Todos fueron matemáticos destacables, especialmente Jacob I y Johann I. Los Bernoulli eran originarios de los Paises Bajos pero huyeron a Suiza por la persecución que los españoles (concretamente el Duque de Alba, en el reinado de Felipe II) hicieron a los que no eran católicos. Los padres de los Bernoulli eran personas influyentes. El padre tenía una tienda de especias y la madre era de una familia de banqueros. Jackob Bernoulli Nació el 6 de febrero de 1655 en Basilea (Suiza) Murió el 16 de agosto de 1705 en Basilea (Suiza) También conocido como Jacques (en francés), y James (en ingles). Nació en Basilea, Suiza.

39. Gradebook Example In R Assume the file looks like this Einstein, Albert 0034567 Laird, Nan 0056745 bernoulli,jacob 0098453 Camus, Albert 0089452 and that it's called roll_F99 in http://www.math.montana.edu/stat/tutorials/gradebook.example.html

Using R for Gradebook Computations Caveat: This is not the only way, and certainly not the best way to make a gradebook. You might want to check out xspread , a spreadsheet for unix, or StarOffice which includes an Excel clone. 1. Setup Setup a directory for your roll files and any other material related to your course. In unix: mkdir m170 Protect the directory so that nosey students will not have access with the unix command: chmod 700 m170 Now move to that directory and start up emacs. 2. Reading in data Your course supervisor can get you a file of the students in your section. Assume the file looks like this: Einstein, Albert 0034567 Laird, Nan 0056745 Bernoulli, Jacob 0098453 Camus, Albert 0089452 and that it's called roll_F99 in the m170 directory. It's easiest to add a row of column labels to the top of the file, so edit it in emacs to make it look like this: Lname Fname idno Einstein, Albert 0034567 Laird, Nan 0056745 Bernoulli, Jacob 0098453 Camus, Albert 0089452 Save the file with C-X C-S.

40. The Bernoulli Family Family Squabbles The bernoulli Family. jacob Bernouli (1654 1705) Johann Bernouli(1667 - 1748) Daniel bernoulli (1700 - 1787). jacob bernoulli. Online. http://www.math.wichita.edu/history/men/bernoulli.html

Family Squabbles: The Bernoulli Family Jacob Bernouli (1654 - 1705) Johann Bernouli (1667 - 1748) Daniel Bernoulli (1700 - 1787) The Bernoulli family may sound like a Mafia family from a television show, but they were the most predominant math family of Europe. Their fame was in the late 17th and early 18th century in Bale, Switzerland. The uniqueness of this particular family is a stubborn streak which brought devastation to the family life. The Bernoulli family was originally from Holland with strong Calvinism religion. They needed to avoid Spanish religious persecution, so they fled to Switzerland. Nicholas Bernoulli brought the family to Switzerland. This family was not math oriented, they had a spice business in Bale. He had three sons which two of them became the most influential math experts in the academic community yet hostile to each other. The eldest son, Jacob (James or Jacques), was born 1654 and died 1705 in Bale, Switzerland. His parents compelled him to study philosophy and theology. Like a Bernoulli, he resented the studies but he did acquire a masters in philosophy. He was intrigued with mathematics and astronomy so much he included them with his studies, regardless his parents wishes. He made more of a career in mathematics than philosophy. He became the first Bernoulli to be recognized as a strong influential mathematician. He contributed highly to probability: if something is going to happen again and again is large amounts, it is likely it will happen most of the time. He may be a brilliant mathematician, but he did have a mean streak.

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