41. Silviu Lupascu / The Ancient Indian Sacrificial Establishment - The Evidence Pro baudhayana, 20.25); One should perform the animalsacrifice for Indra-Agni onceevery six months or at the commencement of every course of the sun or once http://www.revistanorii.com/11/Silviu_Lupascu_Srautakosa.html

Norii The Circle Library Previous issues ... Religion Silviu Lupaºcu / The ancient Indian sacrificial establishment - the evidence provided by Srautakosa The Indian tripartite theology, formulated according to the treaty discovered at Bogazkoy (concluded between Mativaza, leader of the Hourrite Empire - situated in the bend of the upper Euphrates, with its capital city at Mitani -, and a Hittite king, his neighbour) and to the Vedic hymns, is implied by the threefold structure Mitra-Varuna / Ind(a)ra / Nasatya or Asvin. The complementarity and solidarity uniting the two "celestial consuls" (the Ouranian deity, concerned with the immensity of the cosmic ensemble, and the so-called "personified Contract". interested in everything pertaining to the human beings) is completed by the warrior god and by the twin deities of peace, welfare, fertility and liturgical fulfillment. It is worth noting, for the purpose of our research, that the Hindu ritual canon assigns the perfect offerings to Mitra, while the blemished ones appertain to Varuna. If the mythological architecture of the social hierarchy ( brahmanas -ksatriyas -vaisyas or priests-warriors-common people) follows the triune sequence of the godhead, it must be noted that the ritual dialogue engaged between the human society and the divine realm has, as is the case with all the other Indo-European nations, a sacrificial nature (cf. Georges Dumezil

42. Am I A Hindu? 2PI -IS A CONTRIBUTION OF INDIA TO THE WORLD-A Sanskrit text named baudhayanaSHULBA SUTRA of the 6th century mentions the value of PI as 3. ARYABHATTA in http://webtechstore.hypermart.net/nirmal/journal/ed01.html

Am I a Hindu? By Ed Viswanathan The following is the text of message received by www.hindutemplehouston.net on July 3, 2001 Namasthe- B. K. Nirmal -Hindu temples and Indian Associations in Houston- You are indeed doing a great job by giving every minute details of activities of Hindus every where in Hoston May God bless you People like you are indeed the "salt" of this earth-My name is Ed Viswanathan... I am an engineer from Kerala and author of an international best seller on Hinduism by name AM I A HINDU?[ISBN 1-879904-06-3 HALO BOOKS, USA and RUPA PRESS in India, which has sold millions of copies around the globe..At least four universities in USA are medium of instruction to teach students about Hinduism. I wish to send you a copy of my book, as well as FREE educational flow charts on Hinduism, kindly reply with your postal address . These FLOW CHARTS are unique and never ever published in any book or in any magazine You may ask, why I am doing this? good question. I wanted my FLOW CHARTS and book to be read by every Intelligent Indian, who I think have leadership potential, on earth as possible, especially since it is selling extremely well all over the globe This book is one of a kind with 90 chapters and hundreds of questions and answers. It is in the form of thought provoking dialogue between 14 year old American born Indian teenager and his middle aged father on all aspects of Hinduism. Almost all the papers and magazines in India have written excellent reviews on this book. In USA many magazines [LIBRARY JOURNAL, BOOKLIST etc] have recommended this book for all

43. Cult Of Skanda-Murukan In Ancient Tamil Nadu Further, in the baudhayana Dharma Sutra, names such as Skanda, Sanatkumara, Vis×aka,Sanmukha, Mahasena and Subrahmanya, etc., have been attribued as names http://murugan.org/research/ambikai.htm

Cult of Skanda-Murukan in Tamilakam The antiquity of Murukan worship in Tamil Nadu Valli Teyvani Samedha Murugan Valli Murugan Kumarar by Ambikai Velmurugu M urukan has been worshipped in Tamil Nadu for many centuries before Christ. The ancient Tamil people closely observed the beauty of nature and realised that there must be a Supreme Being to regulate the affairs of this world. Considering that the Supreme Being permeates every minute thing in this world, they named it as kantali. There is a reference to kantali Porulatikaram it is written: Kotinilai kantali valli These three devoid of blemishes occur with dignity with God's invocation. The commentator Naccinarkkiniyar says that kotinilai refers to the sun; kantali is the cause of creation and destruction of this universe, and therefore something that remains unattached, unaffected and formless being existing by itself and transcending all philosophy; while Valli denotes the moon. muruku. These two names have been used profusely in Cankam literature. Among these names, the word

44. Untitled Document What is not well understood is that this theorem was known to the authors of theVedas, and was proved in baudhayana's Shulva Sutra, which was composed several http://www.infinityfoundation.com/ECIT819talk.htm

Bringing to Light India's Contributions to World CivilizationS Dr. David Gray's 8/19/00 speech at the Arya Samaj Mahasammelan in Hempstead, NY. I was asked to come and give a brief talk concerning Indian contributions to world civilization, and I was asked to do so not because of any particular qualification on my part, for indeed my knowledge of India is far outweighed by my ignorance. Rather, I was asked to speak on account of my position, which is the director of a newly established foundation called the Educational Council on Indic traditions. The mission of our foundation is to improve the quality of education concerning India. Since this involves bringing greater attention to India's numerous contributions in science, technology and the cultural arts, I may perhaps be qualified to say a few words on this topic. I realize that in discussing the contributions of India here I'm preaching to the converted, since the importance of India's cultural heritage was an a central message that, I believe, Dayananda Sarasvatiji himself taught in founding the Arya Samaj over one hundred years ago. Therefore, in order to avoid boring my audience with knowledge already well-known to them, I will keep the address brief, which is quite a challenge given India's vast and venerable cultural history. An important point that must be made is that India's cultural heritage is not a dead relic, a curiosity of interest only to scholars and eccentrics. Rather, it is a complex of living traditions that continues to have important ramifications to this day and age. And while India is blessed with a very ancient cultural history, and is fortunate to have preserved what is now known to be the oldest uninterrupted transmission of essential knowledge, encapsulated in the Vedas, it continues to have an influence and importance in the world befitting its current position in the global economy.

45. Untitled Document It is now generally understood that the socalled Pythagorean theorem was understoodin ancient India, and was in fact proved in baudhayana's Shulva Sutra, a http://www.infinityfoundation.com/ECITmathframe.html

Indic Mathematics: India and the Scientific Revolution Dr. David Gray 1. Math and Ethnocentrism The study of mathematics in the West has long been characterized by a certain ethnocentric bias, a bias which most often manifests not in explicit racism, but in a tendency toward undermining or eliding the real contributions made by non-Western civilizations. The debt owed by the West to other civilizations, and to India in particular, go back to the earliest epoch of the "Western" scientific tradition, the age of the classical Greeks, and continued up until the dawn of the modern era, the renaissance, when Europe was awakening from its dark ages. This awakening was in part made possible by the rediscovery of mathematics and other sciences and technologies through the medium of the Arabs, who transmitted to Europe both their own lost heritage as well as the advanced mathematical traditions formulated in India. George Ghevarughese Joseph, in an important article entitled "Foundations of Eurocentrism in Mathematics," argued that "the standard treatment of the history of non-European mathematics is a product of historiographical bias (conscious or otherwise) in the selection and interpretation of facts, which, as a consequence, results in ignoring, devaluing or distorting contributions arising outside European mathematical traditions." (1987:14) Due to the legacy of colonialism, the exploitation of which was ideologically justified through a doctrine of racial superiority, the contributions of non-European civilizations were often ignored, or, as Joseph argued, even distorted, in that they were often misattributed as European, i.e. Greek, contributions, and when their contributions were so great as to resist such treatment, they were typically devalued, considered inferior or irrelevant to Western mathematical traditions.

46. Humanist Archives Vol. 6 : 6.0214 Rs: Nietzche; Sutras (2/75) xvi, 225 p. ocm03482592 4. baudhayana. The Bodhayana grhyasutra / 1982. ed.1987. xviii, 56, 203, xv p. ocm18-168374 7. baudhayana. http://lists.village.virginia.edu/lists_archive/Humanist/v06/0214.html

6.0214 Rs: Nietzche; Sutras (2/75) EDITORS@BROWNVM.BITNET Wed, 26 Aug 1992 18:17:39 EDT Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] Next message: Previous message: Humanist Discussion Group, Vol. 6, No. 0214. Wednesday, 26 Aug 1992. (1) Date: Mon, 24 Aug 92 20:21 CDT (13 lines) Subject: help with a quote from Nietzsche (2) Date: Tue, 25 Aug 1992 08:28:04 -0500 (62 lines) Subject: grhya-sutras Date: Mon, 24 Aug 92 20:21 CDT Subject: help with a quote from Nietzsche I believe the quote from Nietzsche that Bobb Menk asked about is from the `schlechtes Gewissen', und Verwandtes." In the original it reads: "der Mensch bezeichnete sich als das Wesen, welches Werte misst, wertet und misst als das `abschaetzende Tier an sich'." There's a translation of the whole book by Walter Kaufmann, published by Vintage. Michael Ossar Kansas State University Date: Tue, 25 Aug 1992 08:28:04 -0500

47. BRAHMANIS AND FINAL DEVELOPMENT OF HINDUISM race after the flood; the Institutes of Vishnu, delivered, it was said, personallyby the god; and many others, of which the Apastamba, the baudhayana, and the http://www.bennoah1.freewebsites.com/no_8_brahmanism.htm

Again we must start with some background information for our current study. We must understand the conquest of India some four thousand years ago by a group of Aryans belonging to the same stock as those who later made Zoroastrianism their national creed. This group of ancient Aryans burst into India, established themselves as the dominant race, and instituted the intricate system of Priestly and sacerdotal law and discipline known as Brahmanism. Since the political problems of India were quite different from those of Egypt or Iran, the religion of India developed along entirely different lines than we have seen before. These changes will be important when we look later at how the Essenes adopted many of the tenants of Brahmanism. India already possessed a teeming population, which had learned to wring subsistence from the soil by agriculture: the Aryans could, therefore, perpetuate their position, privileges, and sovereignty only by divine sanctions. Revelation, as determined by the Priesthood became an instrument, not of national, but of class and race policy.

48. Nut-020-w02 READING 20E TABOO - HINDU DIETARY CODES and presented in written form by the 6th century BC The texts may be treated separatelyas separate tracts Apastamba (1896), baudhayana (1882), Gautama (1896 http://teaching.ucdavis.edu/nut20/0050.htm

READING 20E: TABOO - HINDU DIETARY CODES From: Louis Grivetti ( legrivetti@ucdavis.edu Date: Sat Feb 23 2002 - 12:06:52 PST Next message: Louis Grivetti: "MIDTERM 2: KEY" Previous message: Louis Grivetti: "READING 20D: TABOO - MUSLIM/ISLAMIC DIETARY CODES" NUTRITION 20 FOOD AND CULTURE WINTER QUARTER, 2002 READING 20E: TABOO - HINDU DIETARY CODES The most ancient Hindu document that considers food and dietary prohibitions was written c. 1500 B.C. and attributed to the physician Caraka (Caraka Samheta, 1981). Contained in this important text are specific passages that identify dietary principles, permitted and prohibited foods, and regimens for specific diseases. Ancient Hindu diet was perceived as consisting of two types: immobile (plants) and mobile (animals). Diet patterns were classified according to four manners of intake: beverages, eatables, chewables, and lickables. Each of these intake categories was further based upon six types of taste: astringent, bitter, pungent, salt, sour, and sweet. Innumerable variations of diet resulted based upon twelve categories of food, and factors of abundance

49. Somdat Mahabir's The Samskrit text, by the famous Hindu mathematician, baudhayana in his baudhayanaSutra of the 6 th century BC mentions this ratio as approximately equal to 3 http://www.caribbeanhindu.com/Som.htm

Selected Articles Written by Dr. S. Mahabir The award of the 2001 Nobel Prize in Literature to Sir Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul has provoked a good deal of sarcasm, venom and hate. A quick survey suggests that these outpourings fall into five groups: (i) anger that a person of Indian ancestry, rather than Indian-born, won the Nobel Prize; (ii) Naipaul’s searching criticisms of India; (iii) his sour relations with others who deem themselves important; (iv) his devastating criticisms of Islam; and (v) more, generally, his perceptive analysis and unpalatable truths. Hinduism’s Contribution to the World: Did You Know? - Dr. S. Mahabir Did you know that by 6000 B.C. Bharat (India) already had advanced townships with villages of mud-brick houses? By 3000 B.C. scientifically planned towns and buildings were part of the landscape... Hindu Plurality: A Solution to Conflict Among People - Dr. S. Mahabir and Dr. Ramesh Gampat Of all the great faiths of the world, none has distinguished itself like Hindu Dhrama in terms of its plurality of views. Hindus pride themselves in such mahavakyas (grand utterances) as "Ekam Sat Vipra Bahuda Vadanti" – The Truth is One, the wise sees it differently. "Anekata, mein ekata" – Unity in Diversity. "Avibhaktam vibhaktesu" – many points of view. "Vasudiva Kutumbakam" – the whole world is One family.... Are Indians Loosing Their Self-respect Without Knowing It? - Dr. S. Mahabir

50. La Géométrie Des Sulbasutras Translate this page Nous disposons de quatre textes complets, traduits en anglais par Sen et Bag,avec le nom de leurs auteurs baudhayana, Manava, Apastamba, Katyayana. http://www.reunion.iufm.fr/recherche/irem/histoire/la_géométrie_des_sulbas

Accueil Histoire des mathématiques Philosophie des sciences Axiomatiques ... Informations - Contacts Nous remercions vivement Olivier Keller de nous avoir transmis cet article correspondant à une conférence donnée à la Réunion et de nous permettre de la diffuser sur notre site. La géométrie des Sulbasutras. Exemple de géométrie rituelle de l'Inde védique : l'agrandissement de l'autel en forme de faucon. Olivier Keller 1-Note historique. Malheureusement, on ne sait rien de l'Inde védique, sinon par des textes auxquels il est impossible de donner une date précise. La période védique de l'histoire de l'Inde fut précédée par la civilisation dite de l'Indus — -2400 à -1700—, découverte à partir de 1921 Satapatha Brahmana à lui seul, dans sa traduction anglaise, occupe 2000 pages. Le Ved a, terme qui signifie savoir, science "par excellence", possède donc un canon tardif composé de textes disparates au premier abord. Classés d'après la catégorie de "fonctionnaires" du sacrifice auxquels ils s'adressent, on obtient les recueils (samhita s) suivants : le Rg Veda destiné aux verseurs de l'oblation, le

51. The Aryan Migration Theory: Fabricating Literary Evidence Then, there is the following direct statement contained in (the admittedly muchlater) BSS (=baudhayana Shrauta Sutra) 18.44397.9 sqq which has once again http://vishalagarwal.bharatvani.org/AMT.html

The Aryan Migration Theory: Fabricating Literary Evidence Revision C on 3 May 2001 Note: All ‘Notes’ and ‘References’ are located at the end of the article. Contents: Background The Literary ‘Evidence’ A Critique of the ‘Direct’ evidence for AMT Arguments and Counter-Arguments Cover Ups? Discussion Epilogue The Aftermath Notes, References, Revision Log 1.0 Background The Aryan Invasion Theory (AIT), rooted (to a great extent) on the white supremacist and colonialist paradigms of the 19 th This model, as of yet, is rather confused and seems to be just a euphemistic nomenclature for AIT [See Note 1]. I say so because AMT still incorporates notions like the military use of ‘thundering chariots’ as ‘Vedic tanks’ by the ‘migrating’ Aryans, the scare caused by neighing horses of Aryans to the IVC inhabitants [see Notes 2-4], and the reduction of the native Indian population to serfdom [See Note 5] for rice cultivation through elite domination. In AMT, the ‘migrating’ groups are still postulated to resemble the (relatively fairer) present day Iranians and Afghans, and the Aryan migrations are explained with the examples of later ‘migrations’ (in reality, clear cut invasions) of Huns, Shakas etc. to India. [see Note While the only large scale migration attested archaeologically in the relevant time frame is that from the Indus basin to the more easterly Gangetic basin and to greater Gujarat, and there is no clear cut evidence for any other one way migration into India from outside in the time period in question, literary evidence is now being searched from ‘inside the Vedic texts’ to buttress the case of AMT.

52. Bhavadasa For instance, commentaries on Taittiriya Samhita, Taittiriya Brahman, baudhayanaSrauta Sutras and Narada Smrti are all ascribed to a Bhavasvamin who http://vishalagarwal.bharatvani.org/bhavadasa.html

Bhavadasa A pre-Sabara Mimamsaka (before 400 C.E.) Version AA: 3 March 2001 Contents: Life and Age Works Extant Fragments and Views Notes References and Bibliography Revision Log, Related Links Life and Age It is generally believed nowadays that the Purva Mimamsa (or ‘ Mimamsa ’) and the Uttara Mimamsa (or ‘Vedanta’) comprise two of the six major systems of ‘ astika ’ or orthodox/Vedic philosophy of Hindus. The very nomenclature of the two systems suggests that they are closely inter-related, with one following the other. Parpola [1981] and Sarma [1963] have shown conclusively that the texts of the two systems- namely the Purva Mimamsa Sutras (henceforth PMS) and the Vedanta Sutras (also called the Sariraka Sutras or the Brahmakanda/Brahma Sutras, henceforth BS) comprised an organic whole and formed the basis of the unitary ‘Mimamsa Shastra’, which eventually split up into the two independent systems of philosophy that we know today. The PMS itself comprises of two parts- the twelve chapters of the ‘ Tantra kanda’ , which alone has been studied for several centuries now, followed by four chapters of Sankarsha Kanda . The BS in four chapters follows the PMS. The twelve chapters of Tantra kanda , four chapters of Sankarsha kanda and four chapters of Brahma kanda thus comprised the entire Mimamsa Shastra of twenty chapters. Several scholars commented on all the twenty chapters, some on the first sixteen chapters, some on first twelve, at least one only on the

53. Bhakti List, February 2001: Badarayana Eg. baudhayana Gryhasutra 3.9.3 baudhayana Srautapravara sutra 20.2 HiranyakesinSrautasutra 16.7.23; 22.2.20 Hiranyakesin Grhyasutra 1.25 Bharadvaja http://www.ramanuja.org/sv/bhakti/archives/feb2001/0180.html

You are here: Sri Vaishnava Home Page Bhakti List Archives February 2001 Badarayana VAgarwalV@cs.com Date: Thu Feb 22 2001 - 03:28:48 PST Next message: Previous message: madhusrikkanth@yahoo.com: "parishEshanam" Next in thread: K. Sadananda: "Re: Badarayana" Maybe reply: K. Sadananda: "Re: Badarayana" Maybe reply: Sadagopan: "Re: Badarayana" Reply: K. Sadananda: "Re: Badarayana" Maybe reply: VAgarwalV@cs.com: "Re: Badarayana" Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] ... http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ Next message: Previous message: madhusrikkanth@yahoo.com: "parishEshanam" Next in thread: K. Sadananda: "Re: Badarayana" Maybe reply: K. Sadananda: "Re: Badarayana" Maybe reply: Sadagopan: "Re: Badarayana" Reply: K. Sadananda: "Re: Badarayana" Maybe reply: VAgarwalV@cs.com: "Re: Badarayana" Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] Bhakti List: [archives] [about] Sri Vaishnava Home Page

54. Acts Of Faith (Part III Of XII) India. Sulba means cord. Of the various Sulba Sutras, those of baudhayana,Apastamba and Katyayana are best known. Scholars believe http://www.hvk.org/articles/0601/93.html

Search Acts of faith (Part III of XII) Author: Publication: The Week Date: June 24, 2001 A 3,000-year-old ritual was resurrected at Panjal in Kerala in April 1975. A 12-day Agnicayana, or Atiratra, was performed on a bird-shaped altar of a thousand bricks. The altar was a geometricians' delight. The area of each layer of the altar, for instance, was seven and a half times a square purusa, the size of the sacrificer or the Yajamana. A fifth of the size of the Yajamana, panchami, was the basic unit of the bricks. The rules for measurement and construction of sacrificial altars are found in the Sulba Sutras, the earliest documents of geometry in India. Sulba means cord. Of the various Sulba Sutras, those of Baudhayana, Apastamba and Katyayana are best known. Scholars believe the sutras were composed during 800-500 BC. The mathematical knowledge in the texts comes from the creation of altars or bricks in various shapes-rhombus, isosceles trapezium, square, rectangle, isosceles right-angled triangle or circle. A square-shaped altar sometimes had to become circular without any change in the area or vice-versa. Obviously, the authors of the Sulba texts knew the value of pi, which is the ratio of the circumference to the diameter of a circle. The theory of right angles is attributed to Greek philosopher Pythagoras (6th century BC). But Baudhayana mentions that the diagonal of a rectangle produces by itself both (the areas) produced separately by its two sides. In simple terms, this means that the square of the diagonal is equal to the sum of the squares of two sides. In the next rule he says that the rectangles for which the theorem is true have the sides as 3 and 4 [32+42=52], 12 and 5, 15 and 8, 7 and 24, 12 and 35, 15 and 36. The theorem is given in all the Sulba Sutras.

55. TEMPLE TIMES science. Pi, the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter,was stated in Sanskrit text baudhayana Sulba Sutra (600 BC). http://www.hindujaintemple.net/feb.htm

TEMPLE TIMES a monthly publication of the Hindu Jain Temple May all be happy, may all enjoy good health. Volume 22, Issue 2 February, 2003 Saraswati Puja is celebrated on the day when Brahma created Goddess Saraswati to infuse knowledge in his creation. On this day we pay homage to the Goddess of intelligence, wisdom and knowledge of all arts, science, music and dancing. Basant Panchami , the spring harvest festival, is celebrated on this day in reverence to Goddess Saraswati. The season of Basant is the king of all seasons, because it is after the shivering cold of winter, but before the intense heat of summer, and the monsoon rainy season is still months away. This is a festival of jubilation, when farmers are rich with their new harvest, and the fields are yellow with fresh mustard crop. People are, in general, very festive mood, which is expressed in may different ways in various parts of the country. Yellow garments or robes are worn and yellow colored rice is served. The famous folk dance Bhangra of Punjab glorifies the congregation on this festival.

56. APPROPRIATE NUTRITION : ITS ROLE IN HEALTH : SOME OTHER ISSUES IN FOOD AND NUTRI baudhayana even went to the extent of observing that the Vedas and agriculturewere destructuve of each other (baudhayana Dharma Sutra i.5.101). http://www.healthlibrary.com/reading/banyan2/6othr_isue.htm

The Banyan Tree : A Textbook for Holistic Health Practioners APPROPRIATE NUTRITION : ITS ROLE IN HEALTH SOME OTHER ISSUES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION In this section, we discuss a few other isues relevant to our quest for a holistic concept of nutrition. This is done at the risk of appearing selective from a whole range and complex of issues concerning one of the oldest concerns of humankind. Food Ideology, Food Preferences and Food Counter-Culture Why people eat what they eat and especially, what they would like to eat, given no resource constraint, is often a matter of belief systems about food. Food prefrences the degree of like or dislike for a foodis determined by food ideology. Food ideology is the world view regarding foods, the set of attitudes, beliefs, customs and taboos affecting diet and nutrition. A certain degree of commitment to a particular food ideology, usually at variance and in opposition to prevailing dominant ideologies, results in what is seen as faddism or a food counter-culture. Food preference in India which was largely a function of castes and linguistic groups, is in contemporary India,also a function of class especially in the mobile top 5 perent of the population.

57. Customs And Ceremonies PART10 - Www.ezboard.com The baudhayana, Manava, Bharadvaja, Apastamba and Hiranyakesin, associated withthe black Yajur Veda. The Katyayana, associated with the white Yajur Veda. http://pub42.ezboard.com/fyoga84291frm7.showMessage?topicID=178.topic

58. The Rigvedic River Saraswati Discusses the possible identifications of this river with the present Ghaggar rivercourse in India Category Society History Ancient India Aryan Invasion Theory...... The wellrespected baudhayana Srauta-sutra (18.45) says that in Kuruksetra thereare lotus lakes called Bisavatis and hills and hills named Ausanasas. http://www.picatype.com/dig/dc/dc0aa03.htm

QUICKVIEW Introduction Naditama versus Vinasana Identifying Naditama Sarasvati Ghaggar as Vinasana Sarasvati ... References On the Identity and Chronology of the Rigvedic River Sarasvati Rajesh Kochhar Indian Institute of Astrophysics Koramangala, Bangalore 560 034, India ABSTRACT This paper shows firstly, that the attributes of the celebrated Rigvedic river Sarasvati do not match those of the Old Ghaggar, even if one assumes that the Satluj and the Yamuna flowed into it; and secondly, that the Ghaggar was already defunct in Rigvedic times. While the identification of the Sarasvati of the later texts with the present-day Ghaggar is retained, arguments are given in support of the identification of the original Sarasvati with the Helmand in south Afghanistan, having the original Yamuna and Ganga as its tributaries. In this picture, the rivers to the east of the Satluj bearing Rigvedic names are not Rigvedic rivers at all, but merely named in their honour. This hypothesis can be tested by excavating the region between Helmand and Arghandab (identified with Drishadvati) and by carrying out a detailed geomorphological and hydrological study of the Ghaggar river system. Introduction Sarasvati: Naditama versus Vinasana One must distinguish between the celebrated Sarasvati of the old mandalas and the Sarasvati mentioned in passing in the River Hymn (Rv. 10.75) of the tenth mandala (Hildebrandt 1927: I.343; Kochhar 1997). The former has been described in detail in one exclusive hymn (Rv 6.61) and in various other passages. It is described in superlatives. It is called '

59. History Of Geometry Pharaohs . India (1500 BC 200 BC) - The Sulbasutras - baudhayana (800-740BC) - Apastamba (600-540 BC). Greek Geometry (600 BC - 400 AD). http://geometryalgorithms.com/history.htm

A Short History of Geometry Ancient This page gives a short outline of geometry's history, exemplified by major geometers responsible for it's evolution. Click on a person's picture or name for an expanded biography at the excellent: History of Mathematics Archive (Univ of St Andrews, Scotland). Also, Click these links for our recommended: Greek Medieval Modern History Books ... History Web Sites Ancient Geometry (2000 BC - 500 BC) Babylon Egypt The geometry of Babylon (in Mesopotamia) and Egypt was mostly experimentally derived rules used by the engineers of those civilizations. They knew how to compute areas, and even knew the "Pythagorian Theorem" 1000 years before the Greeks (see: Pythagoras's theorem in Babylonian mathematics ). But there is no evidence that they logically deduced geometric facts from basic principles. Nevertheless, they established the framework that inspired Greek geometry. A detailed analysis of Egyptian mathematics is given in the book: Mathematics in the Time of the Pharaohs India (1500 BC - 200 BC) The Sulbasutras Baudhayana (800-740 BC) Apastamba (600-540 BC) Greek Geometry (600 BC - 400 AD) Time Line of Greek Mathematicians Major Greek Geometers (listed cronologically) [click on a name or picture for an expanded biography].

60. India Sama Veda. The baudhayana, Manava, Bharadvaja, Apastamba and Hiranyakesin,. Someof the important. Grihyasutras are the Apastamba Grihyasutra, the baudhayana. http://thunder7.8m.com/projects/india/

Free Web site hosting - Freeservers.com I would like to thank all the Internet resources I used to put this project together. Edited by Thunder INDIA India will change you.... Its very name stirs the imagination holding out the promise of astonishments, great spectacles and sudden challenges to preconceptions. All journeys to this vast and varied land are dramatic, unbelievable adventures. India pays enduring dividents to travelers who come taking things in their stride, keeping in mind Kipling's admonition, "A fool lies here, who tried to hustle the mighty East". India is not for everybody; it's neither bland not always comfortable. Between ancient and modern, rich and poor, lives a remarkable spectrum of humanity, a wonderful tapestry of cultures, languages, religions and costumes forming an heterogeneity exotically interweaved by the mesh of the caste system. You are always unprepared for India. Like we are always unprepared to challenge ourselves to a face-to-face dwell with no witnesses. Ji ha, India will change you. Nothing here is ever what it seems. The tattiest building can hide inner walls inlaid with precious stones. The man in the cotton pajama suit may be a clerk or a milkman or a cabinet minister. People weave silk but prefer nylon; hinduism counts making money (the right way) as a sacred duty, but succesful men freely give up all wordly goods and become wandering s a d h u s.

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