1. Jones Encyclopedia Of Media & Technology Information: New Media, Media History, John Backus, Inventor of FORTRAN. Overview. John Backus (1924 ).The inventor of FORTRAN (for FORmula TRANslation), the http://www.digitalcentury.com/encyclo/update/backus.html

Over 500 original articles, updated as companies and technologies change and new leaders emerge. New articles are published weekly from a variety of topics on the history, innovations, milestones, pioneers, and legal trends that shape the world of media, information technology, telecommunications, and broadband. Global Positioning System (GPS) The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a navigation system comprised of 24 satellites (21 active and three spares) that allows users to precisely identify their location anywhere on the globe. read entire article Biographies Media and IT industry innovators, pioneers, leaders and mavericks. Company Profiles History and analysis of the rise (and fall) of media and IT companies. Key statutes, regulators, regulations, and litigation affecting media and IT. Technology/Science Break-through technologies, innovation and market trends.

2. ACM: A.M. Turing Award / John Backus John Backus. Citation For profound, influential, and lasting contributionsto the design of practical highlevel programming systems http://www.acm.org/awards/turing_citations/backus.html

John Backus Citation For profound, influential, and lasting contributions to the design of practical high-level programming systems, notably through his work on FORTRAN, and for seminal publication of formal procedures for the specification of programming languages. ACM/A.M. Turing Award. Last Update: February 5, 1999 HOME ABOUT ACM MEMBERSHIP PUBLICATIONS ... Association for Computing Machinery

3. Backus John Backus. Born John Backus spent his first years in Wilmington, Delawareand attended the Hill School in Pottstown, Pennsylvania. He http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Backus.html

John Backus Born: 3 Dec 1924 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA Click the picture above to see a larger version Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index John Backus spent his first years in Wilmington, Delaware and attended the Hill School in Pottstown, Pennsylvania. He graduated in 1942 although according to his own account he did not take his studies at Hill School too seriously:- I flunked out every year. I never studied. I hated studying. I was just goofing around. It had the delightful consequence that every year I went to summer school in New Hampshire where I spent the summer sailing and having a nice time. He entered the University of Virginia to study chemistry at his father's request. However he was no more diligent than at school and in 1943 his studies were terminated. That year he joined the army. In the army he took medical training, working in an Atlantic City hospital in a neurosurgery ward that treated head wounds. Strangely he was found to have a bone tumour and had a plate fitted in his head. A medical training seemed to be the right direction for Backus but after nine months of medical school he gave this up too:- I hated it. They don't like thinking in medical school. They memorize - that's all they want you to do. You must not think.

4. JohnBackus JOHN BACKUS of New York (1772 1862) John Backus6 (John5, John4, Timothy3, Stephen2, William1) WIVES CHILDREN OF JOHN BACKUS http://www.i-star.com/users/jpalm/JohnBackus.html

JOHN BACKUS of New York John Backus (John , John , Timothy , Stephen , William [Note: Per "The Backus Families of Early New England" book by Reno W. Backus John and Betsey had 6 children and John and Hannah had 8 children - there may be errors in placing a child with proper mother] Children of John Backus Charles Backus Lorenzer Backus Children of John Backus Clinton Theron Backus Children of John Backus Jerusha Backus Cynthia Backus Harriet Backus Laura Backus John Backus m. (4th) Betsey Brown: 1860 NY Census - Groton, Tompkins Co. MORTON, William, 53, NY " , Susan, 50, b. VT " , Polly, 22 " , William J., 18 BROWN, Joel BACKUS, Betsey, 70, b. Mass Charles Backus (John John , John , Timothy , Stephen , William Charles Backus DAR File of Mrs. Nora Backus Williams (#68886) The National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Volume 69 page 317 Nora Backus Williams Daughter of Edward Backus (1834-90) and Mary McQuatters (b. 1834), his wife, m. 1856. Granddaughter of Charles Backus (1794-1862) and Eunice Shaw (1799-1873), his wife, m. 1818 Gr-granddaughter of John Backus, Jr. (1772-1862), and Betsey Day (1775-1805), his wife, m. 1769.

5. John Backus - Wikipedia John Backus. John Backus (1924 ), computer scientist, inventor of theFortran programming language developed at IBM for the 704 computer. http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Backus

Main Page Recent changes Edit this page Older versions Special pages Set my user preferences My watchlist Recently updated pages Upload image files Image list Registered users Site statistics Random article Orphaned articles Orphaned images Popular articles Most wanted articles Short articles Long articles Newly created articles Interlanguage links All pages by title Blocked IP addresses Maintenance page External book sources Printable version Talk Log in Help John Backus From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. John Backus (born ), computer scientist, inventor of the Fortran programming language developed at IBM for the 704 computer. See also: Backus-Naur Form Edit this page Discuss this page Older versions ... Recent changes It was last modified 08:30 Mar 6, 2003. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License Main Page Recent changes Random page ... Bug reports

6. Backus JOHN BACKUS a restless inventor. We didn't know what we wanted and how todo it. It just sort of grew. John Backus on the invention of FORTRAN. http://www.cs.nyu.edu/cs/faculty/shasha/outofmind/backus.html

JOHN BACKUS: a restless inventor We didn't know what we wanted and how to do it. It just sort of grew. The first struggle was over what the language would look like. Then how to parse expressions - it was a big problem and what we did looks astonishingly clumsy now.... John Backus on the invention of FORTRAN Necessity, says the adage, is the mother of invention. Yet some inventors are motivated less by necessity than by sheer irritation at the messiness or inefficiency of the way things are. John Backus is such an inventor. He played an inspirational role in three great creations: FORTRAN, the first high level programming language; Backus-Naur Form, which provides a way to describe grammatical rules for high level languages; and lastly a functional programming language called FP, which advocates a mathematical approach to programming. Today, each of his inventions drives research and commercial agendas throughout the planet. Yet Backus's own life is one of restless energy - from his youth through his retirement. A distaste for inefficiency seems to run in the family. Before World War I, Backus's father had risen from a modest background to the post of chief chemist for the Atlas Powder Company, a manufacturer of nitroglycerine to be used in explosives. His promotion came for good reason.

7. John Backus John Backus. Table of Contents. Back to Table of Contents. III Trivia. JohnBackus was born on December 3, 1924 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. http://www.sis.pitt.edu/~mbsclass/hall_of_fame/backus.htm

John Backus Table of Contents I Claim to Fame II Research/Career Highlights III Trivia IV Bibliography I Claim to Fame John's most celebrated accomplishment is the supervision of the development of the Fortran language. Fortran was the first high level programming language to be developed, and the concepts have been copied numerous times in the development of other programming languages. Upon the completion of his work on the Fortran project, John recognized that everyday grammar is not sufficient to coherently explain the syntax of a programming language. With the assistance of Peter Naur, he derived a context free grammar, BNF notation , that gained popularity by explaining the syntax of the Algol language. However, John was still dissatisfied with the von Neumann style of programming, which Fortran follows. In his Turing Award Lecture, "Can Programming be Liberated from the von Neumann Style?", he presents the idea that program languages should allow the programmer to state what should happen without worrying about how the computer should implement it. This idea led to his development of

8. Www.cs.rpi.edu/~musser/gp/traversals/list1.txt Karp Donald E. Knuth EF Codd Edsger Wybe Dijkstra Edward Feigenbaum Fernando J.Corbato' Herb Simon Ivan Sutherland JH Wilkinson John backus john Cocke John http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~musser/gp/traversals/list1.txt

Original set of invitees: Alan Perlis Allen Newell Amir Pnueli Butler W. Lampson C. Anthony R. Hoare Charles W. Bachman Dana Scott Dennis Ritchie Dick Karp Donald E. Knuth E.F. Codd Edsger Wybe Dijkstra Edward Feigenbaum Fernando J. Corbato' Herb Simon Ivan Sutherland J.H. Wilkinson John Backus John Cocke John Hopcroft John McCarthy Juris Hartmanis Ken Iverson Ken Thompson Manuel Blum Marvin Minsky Maurice Wilkes Michael O. Rabin Niklaus Wirth Raj Reddy Richard Hamming Richard Stearns Robert E. Tarjan Robert W. Floyd Robin Milner Stephen Cook William (Velvel) Kahan Output during complete traversal: Alan Perlis Allen Newell Amir Pnueli Butler W. Lampson C. Anthony R. Hoare C.L. Pekeris Charles W. Bachman Dana Scott Alonzo Church Dennis Ritchie Dick Karp Donald E. Knuth E.F. Codd Edsger Wybe Dijkstra Aad van Wijngaarden Edward Feigenbaum Fernando J. Corbato' Herb Simon Ivan Sutherland Claude Shannon Frank Hitchcock J.H. Wilkinson John Backus John Cocke John H. Holland Arthur Banks John Hopcroft John McCarthy Juris Hartmanis Ken Iverson Howard Aiken E.L. Chaffee Ken Thompson Manuel Blum Marshall Hall Marvin Minsky Albert Tucker Maurice Wilkes Michael O. Rabin Niklaus Wirth Norman Biezeno Oswald Veblen E.H. Moore H.A. Newton Oystein Ore Patrick Fischer Hartley Rogers R.L. Matson R.P. Dilworth Raj Reddy Richard Hamming Richard Stearns Harold Kuhn Ralph Fox Robert E. Tarjan Robert W. Floyd Robin Milner Solomon Lefschetz Stephen Cook Hao Wang Thor Skolem Axel Thue Tony Oettinger William (Velvel) Kahan William Edward Story Carl Gottfried Neumann Final set of invitees: Aad van Wijngaarden Alan Perlis Albert Tucker Allen Newell Alonzo Church Amir Pnueli Arthur Banks Axel Thue Butler W. Lampson C. Anthony R. Hoare C.L. Pekeris Carl Gottfried Neumann Charles W. Bachman Claude Shannon Dana Scott Dennis Ritchie Dick Karp Donald E. Knuth E.F. Codd E.H. Moore E.L. Chaffee Edsger Wybe Dijkstra Edward Feigenbaum Fernando J. Corbato' Frank Hitchcock H.A. Newton Hao Wang Harold Kuhn Hartley Rogers Herb Simon Howard Aiken Ivan Sutherland J.H. Wilkinson John Backus John Cocke John H. Holland John Hopcroft John McCarthy Juris Hartmanis Ken Iverson Ken Thompson Manuel Blum Marshall Hall Marvin Minsky Maurice Wilkes Michael O. Rabin Niklaus Wirth Norman Biezeno Oswald Veblen Oystein Ore Patrick Fischer R.L. Matson R.P. Dilworth Raj Reddy Ralph Fox Richard Hamming Richard Stearns Robert E. Tarjan Robert W. Floyd Robin Milner Solomon Lefschetz Stephen Cook Thor Skolem Tony Oettinger William (Velvel) Kahan William Edward Story

9. John Backus John Backus. From 9. The caption reads John Backus, leader ofthe group which developed FORTRAN, was an early SSEC programmer http://www.columbia.edu/acis/history/backus.html

John Backus From [ ]. The caption reads: "John Backus, leader of the group which developed FORTRAN, was an early SSEC programmer." He studied mathematics at Columbia in the late 1940s, worked at Watson Lab from 1950 to 1952, and retired in 1991. Frank da Cruz / fdc@columbia.edu Columbia University Computing History / Jan 2001

10. John W Backus - ResearchIndex Document Query Find Searching for PHRASE john w backus. Restrict to Header TitleOrder by Citations Hubs Usage Date System busy. Please try http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/cs?q=John W. Backus

11. Report On John Backus John Backus Turing Award Winner, 1977 Report prepared by Geoffrey Marshall John Backuswas born in Philadelphia in 1924 and grew up in Wilmington, Delaware. http://cs.wlu.edu/courses/cs313/Turing/Marshall.backus.html

John Backus Turing Award Winner, 1977 Report prepared by Geoffrey Marshall John Backus (1924- ) is the inventor of FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslation), the first widely used high-level computer programming language and the most widely used programming language of the sciences. He was also the co-creator of the Backus-Naur form of context-free grammars, which describes grammatical rules for high-level languages. John Backus was born in Philadelphia in 1924 and grew up in Wilmington, Delaware. He attended the Hill School in Pottstown, PA, but he was not a good student and failed many of his classes. In his words: I flunked out every year. I never studied. I hated studying. I was just goofing around. It had the delightful consequence that every year, I went to summer school in New Hampshire where I spent the summer sailing and having a nice time. He graduated from the Hill School in 1942 and went to the University of Virginia to study chemistry at his father's request. He enjoyed the theoretical aspects of it, but disliked the lab work. His attendance fell to once per week by his second semester, and he was expelled. He then joined the Army, where he served as a corporal in charge of an anti-aircraft crew at Ft. Stewart in Georgia. He then enrolled in a pre-engineering course at the University of Pittsburgh. He also enrolled at Haverford College to study medicine after taking an aptitude test. As a part of the premed program, he worked at an Atlantic City hospital, and was diagnosed with a brain tumor. He had to get a plate installed in his head. In March 1945, he entered Flower and Fifth Avenue Medical School in New York, but realized that medicine wasn't for him either:

12. John Backus John Backus Born 1924 Nationality American Occupation computerscientist Source Notable Mathematicians. Gale Research, 1998. http://jbjb.cs.pku.edu.cn/~panying/turing/1977.htm

John Backus Born: 1924 Nationality: American Occupation: computer scientist Source: Notable Mathematicians. Gale Research, 1998. BIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY Winner of the 1993 Charles Stark Draper Prize, a prestigious engineering award, the 1977 Association for Computing Machinery's (ACM) Turing Award, and the 1975 National Medal of Science, John Backus headed a pioneering group of IBM engineers, who in the 1950s developed FORTRAN, the first widely used programming language. FORTRAN, which gave programmers the freedom from the tedious task of writing out instructions as strings of 1s and 0s, is the precursor of nearly all contemporary computer languages. Backus was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1924, and grew up in Wilmington, Delaware. Planning to major in chemical engineering, he enrolled in the University of Virginia in 1942, but was thrown out after one semester for cutting classes. He was drafted into the army in early 1943, where he first served in an antiaircraft program. From September 1943 until March of 1944 he studied engineering at the University of Pittsburgh as part of the army's specialized training. This was followed by six months of premedical training in a hospital in Atlantic City, New Jersey, and an additional six months at Flower and Fifth Avenue Medical School in New York City. By May of 1946 Backus had left behind both the army and his interest in a medical career. Remaining in New York City he entered the Radio Television Institute, a training school for radio and television repairmen. It was here that he developed an interest in mathematics and began taking courses in math at Columbia University. He earned a bachelor of arts degree in 1949, and the following year he received a master's degree, also from Columbia, and also in mathematics. Upon graduation, he went directly to work for IBM even though he knew very little about computers. One of the very few programmers in the computer industry in the early 1950s, Backus soon earned a reputation as a trailblazer in the field.

13. John Backus John Backus. John Backus is a great man! While John Backus was alive, World War 2was going on. When he was born when the Great depression was just starting. http://www.culver.org/academics/mathematics/Faculty/haynest/nctm/algebra1x/kunas

John Backus John Backus is a great man! He loves MATH! Born December, 3rd 1924 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA While John Backus was alive, World War 2 was going on. When he was born when the Great depression was just starting. Source Name of Character This is the equation for ForTran John Backus contributed to the math area by inventing FORmula TRANslation . Or in other words, it allows people to work on their computer with out actually knowing how it runs.

14. John Backus - Acapedia - Free Knowledge, For All Friends of Acapedia John Backus. John Backus (1924 ), computer scientist, inventorof the Fortran programming language developed at IBM for the 704 computer. http://acapedia.org/aca/John_Backus

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15. John REYNOLDS / Sarah BACKUS John REYNOLDS / Sarah BACKUS. Husband John REYNOLDS. Born at Born at Died atFather William BACKUS. Mother Sarah CHARLES. Spouses John REYNOLDS. CHILDREN. http://papayne.rootsweb.com/d0008/f0000033.html

John REYNOLDS Sarah BACKUS Husband: John REYNOLDS Born: at: Married: at: Died: ABT 1676 at: St. Mary's County, Md. Father: Mother: Spouses: Sarah BACKUS Wife: Sarah BACKUS Born: at: Died: at: Father: William BACKUS Mother: Sarah CHARLES Spouses: John REYNOLDS CHILDREN INDEX HOME HTML created by GED2HTML v3.5e-WIN95 (Sep 26 1998) on 03/30/2002 11:07:53 William ASHBY Agnes PULTENEY Husband: William ASHBY Born: BEF 1470 at: "of Lowesby, Leicestershire" Married: BEF 1492 at: Died: at: Father: William ASHBY Mother: Agnes ILLINGWORTH Spouses: Agnes PULTENEY Wife: Agnes PULTENEY Born: at: Died: at: Father: John PULTENEY Mother: Rose ? Spouses: William ASHBY CHILDREN Name: George ASHBY Born: at: Died: at: Spouses: Name: Everard ASHBY Born: at: Died: at: Spouses: Name: Elizabeth ASHBY Born: at: Died: at: Spouses: INDEX HOME HTML created by GED2HTML v3.5e-WIN95 (Sep 26 1998) on 03/30/2002 11:07:53 William BARENTINE Anne EATON (ETON) Husband: William BARENTINE Born: 31 Dec 1481 at: "of Little Haseley, Oxon. and London" Married: at: Died: 17 Nov 1549 at: Father: John BARENTINE Mother: Mary STONER Spouses: Anne REDE (READE) Jane LEWKNOR Anne EATON (ETON) Wife: Anne EATON (ETON) Born: at: Died: at: Father: William EATON (ETON) Mother: Spouses: Richard GRAY (GREY) William BARENTINE CHILDREN Name: Francis BARENTINE Born: at: Married: at: Died: at: "aged 27 in 1549" Spouses: Elizabeth FIENNES Name: Mary BARENTINE Born: at: Died: at: Spouses: Name: Hannah BARENTINE Born: at: Died: at: Spouses: Name: Anne BARENTINE Born: at: Died: at: Spouses: Name: Edward BARENTINE Born: at: Died: at: Spouses: INDEX HOME HTML created by

16. Computer Science Illuminated: -- Biographical Sketches John backus john Backus was an aimless young man who pulled his acttogether and won the Turing Award. Visit the John Backus web site. http://csilluminated.jbpub.com/biographical_chapter.cfm?chapter=11

17. John Backus Archive Home Page The john backus Archive The john backus Archive contains various files from the backus estate, as well as materials collected by the Catgut Acoustical Society regarding this prominent acoustician. http://ccrma-www.stanford.edu/marl/Backus/BackusHome.html

The John Backus Archive The John Backus Archive contains various files from the Backus estate, as well as materials collected by the Catgut Acoustical Society regarding this prominent acoustician. John Backus was a well-known researcher in woodwind acoustics and a recipient of the Silver Medal of the Acoustical Society of America . He was a professor of physics at the University of Southern California from 1945-1980 and the author of the widely used textbook Acoustical Foundations of Music Overview A general description of the John Backus Archive Biography A brief biography of John Backus Publications A list of publications by John Backus Contents A detailed listing of the contents of the John Backus Archive Search Search the John Backus Archive Web pages If you desire more detailed information about any of these files or wish to make arrangements to view the contents of the files at CCRMA, please contact: Gary Scavone gary@ccrma.stanford.edu Last modified: 23 August 2000

18. What A Character! Tribute to underrated actors with photos, profiles, and filmographies. Includes Mason Adams, Jim backus, Bea Benaderet, Hamilton Camp, Scatman Crothers, Walker Edmiston, john Fiedler, Frank Gorshin, Edward Everett Horton, Julie Kavner, Paul Lynde, E.G. Marshall, Chuck McCann, Edie McClurg, Howard Morris, Clayton Moore, Frank Nelson, Vic Perrin, Jack Riley, Hal Smith, Olan Soul©, Arnold Stang, and many others. http://what-a-character.com/

Bandwidth Limit Exceeded The server is temporarily unable to service your request due to the site owner reaching his/her bandwidth limit. Please try again later. Apache/1.3.27 Server at www.what-a-character.com Port 80

19. Backus Biography of john backus (19240BC) john backus. Born 3 Dec 1924 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Backus.html

John Backus Born: 3 Dec 1924 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA Click the picture above to see a larger version Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index John Backus spent his first years in Wilmington, Delaware and attended the Hill School in Pottstown, Pennsylvania. He graduated in 1942 although according to his own account he did not take his studies at Hill School too seriously:- I flunked out every year. I never studied. I hated studying. I was just goofing around. It had the delightful consequence that every year I went to summer school in New Hampshire where I spent the summer sailing and having a nice time. He entered the University of Virginia to study chemistry at his father's request. However he was no more diligent than at school and in 1943 his studies were terminated. That year he joined the army. In the army he took medical training, working in an Atlantic City hospital in a neurosurgery ward that treated head wounds. Strangely he was found to have a bone tumour and had a plate fitted in his head. A medical training seemed to be the right direction for Backus but after nine months of medical school he gave this up too:- I hated it. They don't like thinking in medical school. They memorize - that's all they want you to do. You must not think.

20. IBM Archives -- Catalog / Personal Names / Backus, John Advanced Search. Catalog / Personal Names / backus, john, Limit formats. All FormatsImage. Subjects. research (1). Folders. About IBM Privacy Legal Contact. http://www.ibm.com/ibm/history/catalog/catalogpage_0000001860.html

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