81. Biografías En Mi Tarea Translate this page Biografías de Matemáticos Pitágoras, Tales, Arquímedes, Euclides, Diofanto,aryabhata, Brahmagupta, Al Juan Pablo ii Biografía, Pontificado, Viajes, Doc. http://www.mitareanet.com/biografias.htm

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82. Aryabhata. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 aryabhata. http://www.bartleby.com/65/ar/Aryabhat.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Aryabhata bh KEY CONTENTS INDEX GUIDE ... NEXT Search Amazon: Click here to shop the Bartleby Bookstore Welcome Press Advertising ... Bartleby.com

83. Bhutas : Some Reflections On Modern Scientific Concepts And Traditional Indian T British Raj? Why the astronomical tradition from aryabhata to BhaskaraII did not continue beyond the twelfth century? For, during http://ignca.nic.in/ps_04003.htm

THE NATURE OF MATTER Previous Page Contents of the Book Next Page Bhutas Some Reflections on Modern Scientific Concepts and Traditional Indian Thoughts Jayant V. Narlikar Against the background of some elementary knowledge about the many different streams of ancient thoughts, I have ventured to ask some questions visa-vis scientific ideas of modern times where I do know a little, perhaps just enough to gauge the extent of my ignorance. About our ancient traditions I do not even know the extent of my ignorance! So I had better begin with the modern scientific end. What does science say about the nature of matter on different physical scales? Scales of Structure A few years ago Professor Phillip Morrison had made a beautiful but short film entitled ‘Powers of Ten’. It started with a scene very common in the Western world, that of a couple picnicking in a city park. Then the camera zooms out showing the larger scale of the park, then zooms farther to show the city, then the state and so on. Each scene is followed by another with ten times larger scale. How far does this go on? Taking 1 metre as the scale we measure our local distances in (— the picnicking couple occupied an area of a few square metres), the tenfold increases in length go on till about 1026 metres — that is, about a hundred million million million million metres! A few significant steps enroute to this gigantic scale are given in Table I below.

84. History/Culture Timeline 413 Construction of Constantinople's triple walls is begun under TheodosiusII. 425 Constantinople University. 499 aryabhata The aryabhata, India. http://www.labyrinth.net.au/~saul/history/to0500.html

A.D (Anno Domini) For six centuries after the birth of Christ, few were conscious of living in the 'Christian Era.' It was not until c. 500 AD that a Roman Monk, Dionysius Exiguss, decided that the counting of years should be based on the date of Christ's incarnation, and not until the 900s that this had become generally accepted Augustus modifies Julian Calendar De Aquae Ductibus. Frontinus.Waterworks in the garden and farm. Roman couriers carry government mail across the empire. Roman empire devastated by plague Inventor Ting Huan perfects a device, for projecting moving images. Similar inventions are reported in China as early as 207 BCE Galerius Diocletian attempted to stop inflation by imperial order, the so- called Edict on Prices. Taxes followed: Late 320's Queen (St) Helena makes first recordedChristain pilgrimage to Jerusalem bringing back many Christain relics (thus inventing tourism and souvenirs?) late 300s Byzantium Emperors establish Christianity Theodosius the Great Gratian selected Theodosius as emperor in the East. By the time of his death he ruled the whole of an undivided empire the last emperor to do so

85. Culture Course Vol VIII - Mathematics In India (Page3) MATHEMATICS IN INDIA. After Vedanga Jyotisha, aryabhata wrote an improvedbook on mathematics. It is called Aryabhatiya. aryabhata http://www.hindubooks.org/culture_course/book8/Mathematicsin_India/page3.htm

Search Volume - VIII Preface Prayer The path of devotion Uddalaka's advice to svetaketu ... Rabindranath Tagore Culture Course Volume-I Volume-II Volume-III Volume-IV ... Volume-X MATHEMATICS IN INDIA After Vedanga Jyotisha, Aryabhata wrote an improved book on mathematics. It is called Aryabhatiya. Aryabhata lived in the middle of the first century A.D. He has written all about numbers, squares cubes, square root, cube root, geometry, algebra and astronomy. He was the first to start the science of algebra. Aryabhata found that the earth was moving, and not the planets and the stars in the sky. Many scholars have explained Aryabhatiya in their books. The next great name in Indian mathe- matics was l3haskara. He lived in the 12th century A.D. His most famous book is Siddhanta Siromani. The first part of this book is called Lilavati. It contains many problems in mathematics. Back Up Next About Mathematics In India Exercise More Information about HinduNet Inc. Privacy Statement The Hindu Universe is a HinduNet Inc., website.

86. Culture Course Vol - IX - The Gupta Age (Page6) In the field of science, there were the shining figures of aryabhata, Varahamihiraand Brahmagupta who made great contributions to mathematics and astronomy. http://www.hindubooks.org/culture_course/book9/theguptaage/page6.htm

Search Volume - IX Preface Prayer Yajna- valkya and maitreyi Hymn to the earth ... Mirabai Culture Course Volume-I Volume-II Volume-III Volume-IV ... Volume-X THE GUPTA AGE In the field of science, there were the shining figures of Aryabhata, Varahamihira and Brahmagupta who made great contributions to mathematics and astronomy. Aryabhata was the first to discover that - the earth revolved round its own axis as also around the sun. He is the father of modern algebra. The value of zero and the decimal system evolved during this period. In other branches of science remarkable feats of metallurgy for instance were accomplished as is witnessed by the iron pillar of Mehrauli, near Delhi. The Gupta Age made significant contributions to Indian art too. The figures in stone at Saranath and the frescoes of Ajanta belong to this Age and they are even today considered master pieces. Back Up Next About The Gupta Age Exercise More Information about HinduNet Inc. Privacy Statement The Hindu Universe is a HinduNet Inc., website.

87. Essentialcontent.html MIDDLE AGES MIDDLE AGES INDIA during the Golden Age of the Gupta Dynasty KalidasaAryabhata Muslim invasions Urban ii 1096 Crusades; Innocent iiI 11981216 vs. http://emedia.leeward.hawaii.edu/neils/World_Civ_webct/Essentialcontent.html

Study Guide History 151 Why do we study history? How do Historians write history? When did "History" begin? Paleolithic Cultures Neolithic Cultures Civilization ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS EGYPT Geographic setting Pharaohs Pyramids; Giza hieroglyphic writing Amenhotep IV ("Ikhnaton") Tutenkhamen Additional cultural accomplishments and contributions MESOPOTAMIA Geographic setting Ziggurat cuneiform writing Standard of Ur Epic of Gilgamesh Code of Hammurabi Additional cultural accomplishments and contributions Phoenicians; Lydians; Assyrians; Chaldeans Hittities; and PERSIANS. HEBREW Civilization Geographic setting Old Testament historical document; literature. Abraham; Moses Religious concepts INDIA Geographic setting; Monsoons Harappa/Mohenjo Daro Aryan Invasion Hinduism Vedas Caste Samsara/Transmigration of souls Brahma, Vishnu, and Siva Karma Dharma Ahimsa Nirvana Impact of Alexander the Great - Greek cultural influence (300s BC) Asoka CHINA Geographic setting: "Chung Kuo" turns its back on the West and looks East, geographically, culturally and historically. Shang Dynasty Oracle bones ; writing; shamanism Bronze ware Sericulture Chou Dynasty Taoism: Harmony with nature; simplicity; paradoxes.

88. A Tribute To Hinduism - Hindu Culture2 (source Haug's Aitreya Brahmana Volume ii. p. 242). The Indian astronomer, Aryabhatalived in during the period in which the Surya Siddhanta was composed. http://www.atributetohinduism.com/Hindu_Culture2.htm

h o m e h i n d u c u l t u r e p a r t - 2 c o n t e n t s India is the world's most ancient civilization. Nowhere on earth can you find such a rich and multi-layered tradition that has remained unbroken and largely unchanged for at least five thousand years. Bowing low before the onslaught of armies, and elements, India has survived every invasion, every natural disaster, every mortal disease and epidemic, the double helix of her genetic code transmitting its unmistakable imprint down five millennia to no less than a billion modern bearers. Indians have demonstrated greater cultural stamina than any other people on earth. The essential basis of Indian culture is Religion in the widest and most general sense of the world. An intuitive conviction that the Divine is immanent in everything permeated every phase of life. Indic civilization has enriched every art and science known to man. Thanks to India, we reckon from zero to ten with misnamed "Arabic" numerals (Hindsaa - in Arabic means from India), and use a decimal system without which our modern computer age would hardly have been possible. Science and philosophy were both highly developed disciplines in ancient India. However, because Indian philosophic thought was considerably more mature and found particular favor amongst intellectuals, the traditions persists that any early scientific contribution came solely from the West, Greece in particular. Because of this erroneous belief, which is perpetuated by a wide variety of scholars, it is necessary to briefly examine the history of Indian scientific thought. From the very earliest times, India had made its contribution to the texture of Western thought and living. Michael Edwardes author of British India, writes that throughout the literatures of Europe, tales of Indian origin can be discovered. European mathematics

89. Schoolsahead.com - The Complete Learning Portal designed by Aryabhatta after the fifth century astronomer and mathematician Aryabhataof Kusumapura (ii) Mr. Bush, who assumed charge as 43 rd President of USA http://www.schoolsahead.com/sscan/diduknow.htm

Campus Matters Schools Ahead Women Excel ZCA ... Chemistry Hong Kong became a part of China in 1997, and when did Macau join Mainland China? Macau a tiny Portuguese enclave till 1999 is on China’s coast. The first Portuguese ship anchored in Macau in 1513, and by 1553 it had become an official trading post, dominating trade with China and Japan. In 1887, they signed a treaty under which China recognised Portugal’s rule over Macau and its two islands, Coloane and Taipa, and in 1951 they proclaimed Macau on overseas province. As the communists swept to power in 1949, they denounced the treaty signed in 1887 as ‘unequal’. The Leftist revolution in Portugal in1974 that overthrew what remained of the Salazar dictatorship paved the way for the decolonisation of Portuguese possessions in Africa and Asia. Lisbon offered to return Macau to Beijing, but China, which was preoccupied with own Cultural Revolution, refused. As per the agreement of 1987, Macau was handed over to China by Portugal on the midnight of December 19/20, 1999. Gambling is still the mainstay of the economy of Macau, which has just a population of 400,000. The nine casinos run by a single licensee, Hong Kong-born Stanley Ho generate half the tax revenue and account for a forth of Macau’s $5.7 billion gross domestic product. Ninety percent of the populations of Macau are Cantonese Chinese who follow Buddhism. However, politics and the civil service are dominated by the Macanese (Portuguese-speaking Eurasians) and Portuguese expatriates.

90. Mbox: History Of Mathematics In Ancient India. -Part-1/2 850), Pruthudakaswami (fl. 850), Sridhara (fl. 900), Manjula (fl. 930), AryabhataII (fl. 950), Prashastidhara (fl. 958), Halayudha (fl. 975), Jayadeva (fl. http://www.indianetwork.org/res/art/0002.html

History of Mathematics in ancient India. -Part-1/2 India-D Editor ( editor@indnet.org Sat, 24 May 1997 14:41:23 -0400 (EDT) Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] Next message: India-D Editor: "History of Mathematics in ancient India.- Part-2/2." Previous message: K.V. Rao: "India - AP "We do not want liquor in our village"" Date: Fri, 23 May 1997 15:59:40 -0400 (EDT) Subject: History of Mathematics in ancient India. -Part-1/2 Part 1/2 Someone wanted to know what is the sourse of the so called 'Arab numerals'. The source is India and they are called 'Hindu numerals' by experts and not 'Indian numerals' as a few claimed on IDD. Here is a partial list of Mathematicians from India: Baudhayana (fl. 700 B.C.E.), Apastamba (fl. 600), Katyayana (fl. 500), Umaswati (fl. 150 B.C.E.), Aryabhata (476-c. 550 C.E.), Varahamihira (c. 505-c. 558), Brahmagupta (c. 598-c. 670), Govindaswami (c. 800-850), Mahavira (Mahaviracharya) (fl. 850), Pruthudakaswami (fl. 850), Sridhara (fl. 900), Manjula (fl. 930), Aryabhata II (fl. 950), Prashastidhara (fl. 958), Halayudha (fl. 975), Jayadeva (fl.

91. Mathematicians 958). Abu Jafar Muhammad ibn alHasan al-Khorasani al-Khazin (dc 965) *SB. AryabhataII (fl. c.? 950-1100) *SB. Muhammad Abu'l-Wafa al-Buzjani (940-998) *SB *mt. http://www.chill.org/csss/mathcsss/mathematicians.html

List of Mathematicians printed from: http://aleph0.clarku.edu:80/~djoyce/mathhist/mathhist.html 1700 B.C.E. Ahmes (c. 1650 B.C.E.) *mt 700 B.C.E. Baudhayana (c. 700) 600 B.C.E. Thales of Miletus (c. 630-c 550) *MT Apastamba (c. 600) Anaximander of Miletus (c. 610-c. 547) *SB Pythagoras of Samos (c. 570-c. 490) *SB *MT Anaximenes of Miletus (fl. 546) *SB Cleostratus of Tenedos (c. 520) 500 B.C.E. Katyayana (c. 500) Nabu-rimanni (c. 490) Kidinu (c. 480) Anaxagoras of Clazomenae (c. 500-c. 428) *SB *mt Zeno of Elea (c. 490-c. 430) *mt Antiphon of Rhamnos (the Sophist) (c. 480-411) *SB *mt Oenopides of Chios (c. 450?) *SB Leucippus (c. 450) *SB *mt Hippocrates of Chios (fl. c. 440) *SB Meton (c. 430) *SB Hippias of Elis (fl. c. 425) *SB *mt Theodorus of Cyrene (c. 425) Socrates (469-399) Philolaus of Croton (d. c. 390) *SB Democritus of Abdera (c. 460-370) *SB *mt 400 B.C.E. Hippasus of Metapontum (or of Sybaris or Croton) (c. 400?) Archytas of Tarentum (of Taras) (c. 428-c. 347) *SB *mt Plato (427-347) *SB *MT Theaetetus of Athens (c. 415-c. 369) *mt Leodamas of Thasos (fl. c. 380) *SB

92. îÏ×ÁÑ áÓÔÒÏÌÏÇÉÞÅÓËÁÑ üÎÃÉËÌÏÐÅÄÉÑ The summary for this Russian page contains characters that cannot be correctly displayed in this language/character set. http://encyclopedia.astrologer.ru/list_ao.html

93. Grundlagen Des Westlichen Kalenders n. Chr. die Null in seinem mathematischen Werk Aryabhatya ein. http://region.hagen.de/OZON/AUTOREN/FN/kalend_2.htm

Grundlagen des westlichen Kalenders I. Astronomische Grundlagen: Mond- und Sonnenkalender II. Der Julianische Kalender 2. Schaltregel des Julianischen Kalenders 3. Anpassung des Julianischen Kalenders an den alten ... 3. Wochentagnamen und Wiederholungszyklen I. Astronomische Grundlagen: Mond- und Sonnenkalender Mondkalender Die ersten Mondkalender basierten auf dem synodischen Monat. Das Mondjahr in einem 12-monatigen Mondkalender ist daher etwa 355 Tage lang (12*29,53 = 354,36). Der heutige islamische Kalender ist ein solcher Mondkalender mit 12 Monaten. Sonnenkalender Ein Konzept der Jahreseinteilung, das komplette Schalt monate ganzzahlige II. Der Julianische Kalender Malitz, 1987 Malitz, 1987 Malitz, 1987 Malitz, 1987 2. Schaltregel des Julianischen Kalenders Julius Caesar wollte alle seine Ziele in einem Zug umsetzen. Das Jahr 708 a.u.c. Malitz, 1987 ). Als Schalttag galt der Tag nach dem 23. Februar. Malitz, 1987 4. Fehler bei der Anwendung der Schaltregel Malitz, 1987 Malitz, 1987 5. Lage des Osterfestes Nachdem das Christentum in Rom an die Macht kam, wurde der Julianische Kalender auch zur Festlegung der neuen christlichen Festtage benutzt.

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