1. Aristarchus Branch of Science " Astronomers Branch of Science " Philosophers Nationality " Greek aristarchus of samos (ca. 310ca. 230 BC) Greek philosopher who theorized the radical view that Earth and planets revolve around the Sun. This model was too http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/GreekScience/Students/Kristen/Aristarchus.html

ARISTARCHUS OF SAMOS by Kristen Riley Look at the comments on this paper. Aristarchus of Samos , often referred to as the Copernicus of antiquity, laid the foundation for much scientific examination of the heavens. According to his contemporary, Archimedes , Aristarchus was the first to propose not only a heliocentric universe, but one larger than any of the geocentric universes proposed by his predecessors. Copernicus himself originally gave credit to Aristarchus in his own heliocentric treatise, De revolutionibus caelestibus , where he had written, "Philolaus believed in the mobility of the earth, and some even say that Aristarchus of Samos was of that opinion." Interestingly, this passage was crossed out shortly before publication, maybe because Copernicus decided his treatise would stand on its own merit. Plutarch in his De facie in orbe lunae gives reference not only to Aristarchus's theory, but to the way it was received by contemporaries. The general opinion of the time appeared to be that of Dercyllides , who "says that we must suppose the earth, the Hearth of the House of the Gods according to Plato, to remain fixed, and the planets with the whole embracing heaven to move, and rejects with abhorrence the view of those who have brought to rest the things which move and set in motion the things which by their nature and position are unmoved, such a supposition being contrary to the hypotheses of mathematics." As we can imagine, this did not look good for Aristarchus, and was probably one of the main reasons the heliocentric hypothesis did not re-emerge until the mid 15th century with the Copernican revolution.

2. Aristarchus Of Samos aristarchus of samos (ca. Aristarchus was born on the island of Samos around 320 BC. He is believed to have studied and lived in Alexandria, where he died ca. http://www.hao.ucar.edu/public/education/sp/images/aristarchus.html

Aristarchus of Samos (ca. 320-250 BC) Aristarchus was born on the island of Samos around 320 BC. He is believed to have studied and lived in Alexandria, where he died ca. 250 BC. A mathematician at least as much as an astronomer, he belonged to the so-called Pythagorean school of thought, which sought to understand the universe in terms of geometrical and arithmetical relationships. Aristarchus' only surviving text is his Treatise on the Sizes and Distances of the Sun and Moon . However, largely through the writings of Archimedes (287-212 BC) and Plutarch, Aristarchus is known to have the first proponent of the heliocentric hypothesis, with the Earth ascribed a movement of orbital rotation about the Sun, as well as a daily axial rotation. Aristarchus argued that the lack of observed annual parallax in the fixed stars could be explained, within his heliocentric model, by assuming that the distance to the fixed stars is very much larger than the size of the Earth's orbit. The very same argument was to be made by Nicholas Copernicus , seventeen centuries later.

3. Aristarchus Of Samos. The American Heritage® Dictionary Of The English Language aristarchus of samos. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language Fourth Edition. 2000. http://www.bartleby.com/61/28/A0422800.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference American Heritage Dictionary Aristarchus ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. Aristarchus of Samos SYLLABICATION: PRONUNCIATION s m s , s m s DATES: fl. 270

4. Aristarchus Of Samos (ca. 310-ca. 230 BC) Library Of Congress 18611940. Title aristarchus of samos, the ancient Copernicus; a history of Greek astronomy to Aristarchus, together http://www.mala.bc.ca/~mcneil/cit/citlcaristarc.htm

Aristarchus (ca. 310-ca. 230 BC) : Library of Congress Citations The Little Search Engine that Could Down to Name Citations LC Online Catalog Amazon Search Book Citations (3 Records) Name Citations (3 Records) Search Library of Congress [LC Advanced Search Form]

5. Aristarchus aristarchus of samos. aristarchus of samos does not seem to have had the attentionfrom historians of mathematics which he deserved until recent times. http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Aristarchus.html

Aristarchus of Samos Born: about 310 BC in Greece Died: about 230 BC in Greece Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Aristarchus of Samos does not seem to have had the attention from historians of mathematics which he deserved until recent times. For example Heath begins Volume II of his history of Greek mathematics with the words [5]:- Historians of mathematics have, as a rule, given too little attention to Aristarchus of Samos. The reason is no doubt that he was an astronomer, and therefore it might be supposed that his work would have no sufficient interest for the mathematician. The Greeks knew better; they called him 'Aristarchus the mathematician'. However the fact that he was known as an astronomer rather than a mathematician is rather countered by Neugebauer 's claim that his work [6]:- ... is a purely mathematical exercise which has ... little to do with practical astronomy ... Zhitomirskii, in [14], states:- Aristarchus of Samos is a little-known but often cited precursor of Copernicus. All information about him derives from a handful of scattered references in Classical writers, plus a short treatise of his which does not mention heliocentrism. Accordingly historians often mention him, cite one or two facts and move on to another subject - after providing a few words of explanation that reveal much about the historians' biases. The paper [14] then makes a serious attempt to remedy what the author considers to be the shortcomings of other historians. Let us try in this article to do more than 'mention one or two facts' and to indicate both the magnitude and originality of Aristarchus's achievements and also his role in the development of mathematical astronomy.

6. Aristarchus Biography of Aristarchus (310BC230BC) aristarchus of samos. Born about 310 BC in Greece http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Aristarchus.html

Aristarchus of Samos Born: about 310 BC in Greece Died: about 230 BC in Greece Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Aristarchus of Samos does not seem to have had the attention from historians of mathematics which he deserved until recent times. For example Heath begins Volume II of his history of Greek mathematics with the words [5]:- Historians of mathematics have, as a rule, given too little attention to Aristarchus of Samos. The reason is no doubt that he was an astronomer, and therefore it might be supposed that his work would have no sufficient interest for the mathematician. The Greeks knew better; they called him 'Aristarchus the mathematician'. However the fact that he was known as an astronomer rather than a mathematician is rather countered by Neugebauer 's claim that his work [6]:- ... is a purely mathematical exercise which has ... little to do with practical astronomy ... Zhitomirskii, in [14], states:- Aristarchus of Samos is a little-known but often cited precursor of Copernicus. All information about him derives from a handful of scattered references in Classical writers, plus a short treatise of his which does not mention heliocentrism. Accordingly historians often mention him, cite one or two facts and move on to another subject - after providing a few words of explanation that reveal much about the historians' biases. The paper [14] then makes a serious attempt to remedy what the author considers to be the shortcomings of other historians. Let us try in this article to do more than 'mention one or two facts' and to indicate both the magnitude and originality of Aristarchus's achievements and also his role in the development of mathematical astronomy.

7. References For Aristarchus Books TL Heath, aristarchus of samos (Oxford, 1913). TL Heath, aristarchus of samos.The ancient Copernicus Reprint of the 1913 original (New York, 1981). http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/References/Aristarchus.html

References for Aristarchus Biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York 1970-1990). Biography in Encyclopaedia Britannica. Books: T L Heath, Aristarchus of Samos (Oxford, 1913). T L Heath, Aristarchus of Samos. The ancient Copernicus : Reprint of the 1913 original (New York, 1981). T L Heath, A history of Greek mathematics I, II (Oxford, 1931). O Neugebauer, A History of Ancient Mathematical Astronomy (3 Vols.) (Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, 1975). Articles: A C Bowen and B R Goldstein, Aristarchus, Thales, and Heraclitus on solar eclipses : an astronomical commentary on P Oxy 53.3710 cols. 2.33-3.19, Physis Riv. Internaz. Storia Sci. (N.S.) M Gabriel, Les theories heliocentriques dans l'antiquite grecque, Ciel et terre : bulletin de la Societe belge d'astronomie et revue populaire d'astronomie, de meteorologie et de physique du globe O Gingerich, Did Copernicus owe a debt to Aristarchus?, J. Hist. Astronom. M Milankovitch, Aristarchos und Apollonios. Das heliozentrische und das geozentrische Weltsystem des klassischen Altertums, Acad. Serbe Sci. Publ. Inst. Math.

8. Aristarchus Of Samos (ca. 310-ca. 230 BC) -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of Scie aristarchus of samos (ca. 310ca. 230 BC), Greek philosopher who theorizedthe radical view that Earth and planets revolve around the Sun. http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Aristarchus.html

Branch of Science Astronomers Branch of Science Philosophers ... Greek Aristarchus of Samos (ca. 310-ca. 230 BC) Greek philosopher who theorized the radical view that Earth and planets revolve around the Sun This model was too revolutionary to be accepted by his contemporaries who debunked the theory because it conflicted with geocentric religious principles, as well as Aristotle's principle that all objects move toward the center of the Earth Aristarchus' model also predicted stellar parallax and seemed to imply that falling bodies would be swept westward, neither of which were observed. Aristarchus explained the lack of observed parallax by postulating that the stars were infinitely far away. Aristarchus also applied modern geometric methods to measuring the size of celestial bodies. From a lunar eclipse he concluded that the radius of the Moon was 0.5 times the radius of the Earth (actually 0.28 times). He measured the Moon's Earth Moon distance to be 114.6 Earth radii (actually 60.4). By noticing that the Sun and Moon have equal angular diameters during a solar eclipse he calculated that the distance to the Sun was 19.1 times the distance to the

9. Heraclides Of Heraclea Pontus (ca. 388-315 BC) -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of 18 in aristarchus of samos, Ancient Copernicus A History of Greek Astronomy to AristarchusTogether with Aristarchus's Treatise on the Sizes and Distances of http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Heraclides.html

Branch of Science Astronomers Branch of Science Philosophers ... Greek Heraclides of Heraclea Pontus (ca. 388-315 BC) Greek philosopher who was the first to suggest that the rotation of the Earth would account for the apparent rotation of the stars. Until fairly recently, it was believed that Heraclides kept a geocentric universe but suggested that Mercury and Venus orbited the Sun (Heliocentric theories were rejected at the time of Heraclides because it was believed that the rotation of the Earth would cause falling bodies to be deflected westward.) However, Lindberg (1992) gives a wealth of recent references which clearly indicate that Heraclides's theories never espoused a heliocentrism. Additional biographies: Greek and Roman Science and Technology References Eastwood, B. S. Before Copernicus: Planetary Theory and the Circumsolar Idea from Antiquity to the Twelfth Century. Heath, T. L. Ch. 18 in Aristarchus of Samos, Ancient Copernicus: A History of Greek Astronomy to Aristarchus Together with Aristarchus's Treatise on the Sizes and Distances of the Sun and Moon. New York: Dover, 1996. Lindberg, D. C.

10. - Great Books - aristarchus of samos (c. 310 BC230 BC). Aristarchus was born on the island of Samos and died in Alexandria. http://www.mala.bc.ca/~mcneil/aristarc.htm

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11. - Great Books - aristarchus of samos (c. 310 BC230 BC), The Great Books aristarchus of samosThis web page is part of a biographical database on Great Ideas. http://www.malaspina.com/site/person_126.asp

Aristarchus of Samos (c. 310 BC-230 BC) Biography Aristarchus was born on the island of Samos and died in Alexandria. One treatise, On the Sizes and Distances of the Sun and Moon survives. Based upon his measurement and calculation of the size of the sun, Aristarchus advanced a heliocentric hypothesis 17 centuries before Copernicus Copernicus acknowledges this debt to Aristarchus in the early drafts of his On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres but the reference does not appear in the published edition. Aristarchus argued that the lack of observed parallax in the fixed stars could be explained, within the heliocentric model, by assuming that the distance to the fixed stars was much larger than assumed. The Great Books Aristarchus of Samos This web page is part of a biographical database on Great Ideas . These are living ideas that have shaped, defined and directed world culture for over 2,500 years. By definition the Great Ideas are radical. As such they are sometimes misread, or distorted by popular simplifications. Understanding a Great Idea demands personal engagement. Our selection of

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13. Aristarchus Of Samos (ca. 310-ca. 230 BC) -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of Scie Aristarchusof Samos , fl. See TL Heath, aristarchus of samos (1913, repr. 1981). http://www.astro.virginia.edu/~eww6n/bios/Aristarchus.html

Branch of Science Astronomers Branch of Science Philosophers ... Greek Aristarchus of Samos (ca. 310-ca. 230 BC) Greek philosopher who theorized the radical view that Earth and planets revolve around the Sun This model was too revolutionary to be accepted by his contemporaries who debunked the theory because it conflicted with geocentric religious principles, as well as Aristotle's principle that all objects move toward the center of the Earth Aristarchus' model also predicted stellar parallax and seemed to imply that falling bodies would be swept westward, neither of which were observed. Aristarchus explained the lack of observed parallax by postulating that the stars were infinitely far away. Aristarchus also applied modern geometric methods to measuring the size of celestial bodies. From a lunar eclipse he concluded that the radius of the Moon was 0.5 times the radius of the Earth (actually 0.28 times). He measured the Moon's Earth Moon distance to be 114.6 Earth radii (actually 60.4). By noticing that the Sun and Moon have equal angular diameters during a solar eclipse he calculated that the distance to the Sun was 19.1 times the distance to the

14. Aristarchus Of Samos book Of the Face in the Disc of the Moon (De facie in orbe lunae) that Cleanthes“thought it was the duty of the Greeks to indict aristarchus of samos on the http://www.varchive.org/ce/orbit/arisam.htm

Aristarchus The first of the Greek philosphers and mathematicians to unravel the celestial plan and announce the discovery was Aristarchus of the isle of Samos. Others before him assumed that the Earth is a sphere and that it moves, but he was the first to formulate plainly the heliocentric theory, the scheme which has the Sun in the center. Aristarchus lived from about the year 310 before the present era to about 230, and among the geometers he succeeded Euclid and preceded Archimedes. In -288 or -287 he followed Theophrastus as the head of the Peripatetic School established by Aristotle. Whatever his scientific argument may have been, he accused Aristarchus of an act of impiety. Plutarch wrote in his book Of the Face in the Disc of the Moon (De facie in orbe lunae) We do not know whether there was any actual court action and verdict; however, we know that a verdict of judges, even if unanimous, could not make the Sun a satellite of the Earth. Not even a scientific tribunal can do this, not even if it is presided over by Archimedes and the most illustrious men of the generation sit as judges. Aristarchus had no followers in his generation, nor in the next generation. About a century after Aristarchus, Seleucus, a Chaldean of Seleucia on the Tigris, who lived and wrote about the year 150 before the present era, adopted the teaching of Aristarchus.

15. Bigchalk: HomeworkCentral: Aristarchus Of Samos (Ancient) Looking for the best facts and sites on aristarchus of samos? World Book OnlineArticle on ARISTARCHUS; aristarchus of samos; aristarchus of samos (ca. http://www.bigchalk.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects/WOPortal.woa/Homework/High_School/Phi

Home About Us Newsletters My Products ... Product Info Center Email this page to a friend! K-5 Aristarchus of Samos document.write(''); document.write(''); document.write(''); document.write(''); World Book Online Article on ARISTARCHUS Aristarchus of Samos Aristarchus of Samos (ca. 320-250 BC) Aristarchus: Greek Philosopher ... Contact Us

16. Aristarchus Of Samos. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001. aristarchus of samos. ( r´´ stär´k s, r´´ stär´k s, s ´m s)(KEY) , fl. 1. See TL Heath, aristarchus of samos (1913, repr. 1981). 2. http://www.bartleby.com/65/ar/AristarAst.html

17. Malaspina.com - Aristarchus Of Samos (ca. 310-ca. 230 BC) Click here for rare books! Launch Previous Entry in New Window Malaspina ScienceDatabase Launch Next Entry in New Window aristarchus of samos (ca. 310ca. http://www.mala.bc.ca/~mcneil/aristarc1.htm

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18. TMTh:: ARISTARCHUS OF SAMOS ASTRONOMER aristarchus of samos (fl. 320 250 BC) Life One of thegreatest of the theoretical astronomers of the ancient world. http://www.tmth.edu.gr/en/aet/2/16.html

Home Ancient Greek Scientists AGRICULTURALISTS ARCHITECTS ... PHYSICISTS ASTRONOMER ARISTARCHUS OF SAMOS (fl. 320 - 250 BC) Life One of the greatest of the theoretical astronomers of the ancient world. Aristarchus was born in Samos in 320 BC, studied with Straton of Lampsacus and lived in Alexandria (288-277 BC), where he made a series of astronomical observations. He was the chief exponent of the heliocentric system, as opposed to the geocentric system of Anaximander, the Pythagoreans, Philolaus, Plato and Archelaus. Archimedes refers to the heliocentric system of Aristarchus in his "Sand-Reckoner", as does Plutarch in "On the complaisance of philosophers". One of the craters on the moon has been named "Aristarchus" in his honour. Work Aristarchus taught that the earth revolves about its axis. He added 1/1623rd of a day to the solar year, estimated at 365 1/4 days by Callippus, and calculated the length of the Long Year (luni-solar cycle) at 2434 years. Up until the 16th century it was generally accepted that the earth was the centre of the universe. It was the Polish astronomer Copernicus (1473-1543) who once again introduced the idea of a heliocentric system, presenting the theory as his own although it was obvious that much of it was drawn directly from the work of Aristarchus. Scientists call Aristarchus "the Copernicus of antiquity" Principal works: "Heliocentric system": Lost. Considered by many of his contemporaries as "impious".

19. TMTh:: Ancient Greek Technologists PHYSICISTS, ADRASTUS OF APHRODISIAS ANAXAGORAS OF CLAZOMENAE ANAXIMENES OF LAMPSACUSANDRONICUS OF CYRRHUS ARATUS OF SOLI aristarchus of samos ARISTOTLE OF http://www.tmth.edu.gr/en/aet/2.html

Home Ancient Greek Scientists AGRICULTURALISTS ARCHITECTS ARTISTS ASTRONOMERS ... XENOCRATES OF CHALCEDON Read about the life and Work of Ancient Greek Scientists. Choose the desired category from the list on the left and the desired scientist from the list on the right Based on the Greek book: K. Georgakopoulos, "Ancient Greek Scientists", Athens, 1995 Contact the Technology Museum

20. Aristarchus - Wikipedia Cleanthes, a contemporary of Aristarchus thought it was the duty of the Greeksto indict aristarchus of samos on the charge of impiety for putting in motion http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristarchus

Main Page Recent changes Edit this page Older versions Special pages Set my user preferences My watchlist Recently updated pages Upload image files Image list Registered users Site statistics Random article Orphaned articles Orphaned images Popular articles Most wanted articles Short articles Long articles Newly created articles Interlanguage links All pages by title Blocked IP addresses Maintenance page External book sources Printable version Talk Log in Help Other languages: Deutsch Aristarchus From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Aristarchus 310 B.C. -c. 230 B.C. ) was a Greek astronomer and mathematician , born on Samos . He might be the first astronomer to have proposed that the Earth orbits around the sun and that the planets were bodies similar to the Earth, also orbiting around the sun. His astronomical ideas were less than enthusiastically received and were subordinated to those of Aristotle and Ptolemy . The ideas were eventually revived by Copernicus nearly 2000 years later. Heliocentrism The only work of Aristarchus which has survived to the present time, On the Sizes and Distances of the Sun and Moon , is based on a geocentric worldview. We know through citations, however, that Aristarchus wrote another book in which he advanced an alternative hypothesis of heliocentrism. Archimedes wrote:

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