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  1. Anaxagoras ofClazomenae: Fragments and Testimonia (Phoenix Presocractic Series) by Patricia Curd, 2007-10-27
  2. Anaxagoras of Clazomenae: Fragments and Testomonia (Phoenix Presocratics)
  3. Anaxagoras of Clazomenae: An entry from Gale's <i>Science and Its Times</i> by Stephen D. Norton, 2001
  4. Anaxagoras of Clazomenae: An entry from Gale's <i>Science and Its Times</i>
  5. ANAXAGORAS OF CLAZOMENAE(c. 500428 BCE): An entry from Gale's <i>Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i> by Daniel Graham, 2006

1. John Burnet: Early Greek Philosophy -- Anaxagoras Of Clazomenae
Early Greek Philosophy anaxagoras of clazomenae. Early Life. Anaxagoras was fromClazomenae, and Theophrastus tells us that his father's name was Hegesibulus.
http://plato.evansville.edu/public/burnet/ch6.htm

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Anaxagoras of Clazomenae John Burnet 120. Date All that Apollodorus tells us with regard to the date of Anaxagoras seems to rest on the authority of Demetrius Phalereus, who said of him, in his Register of Archons , that he "began to be a philosopher" at Athens at the age of twenty, in the archonship of Callias or Calliades (480-79 B.C.). This date was probably derived from a calculation based on the philosopher's age at the time of his trial, which Demetrius had every opportunity of learning from sources no longer extant. Apollodorus inferred that Anaxagoras was born in 01. LXX. (500-496 B.C.), and he adds that he died at the age of seventy-two in 01. LXXXVIII. I (428-27 B.C.). He doubtless thought it natural that he should not survive Pericles , and that he should die the year Plato was born. We have a further statement, of doubtful origin, but probably due also to Demetrius, that Anaxagoras lived at Athens for thirty years. If it is correct, we get from about 480 to 450 B.C. as the time he lived there.

2. Anaxagoras Of Clazomenae, Circle Squarer
next Next About this document. anaxagoras of clazomenae, (c. 500 c428 BC). Anaxagoras, born at Clazomenae which is near Smyrna, was
http://www.math.tamu.edu/~don.allen/history/anaxagoras/anaxagor.html
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Anaxagoras of Clazomenae,
(c. 500- c 428 BC)
Anaxagoras, born at Clazomenae which is near Smyrna, was a credible mathematician with stronger interests in philosophy. He was one of the first philosophers to settle in Athens, but he is of interest to us primarily because of his reported interest in squaring the circle . Whether this is true or not, it sets the earliest recorded time that the squaring the circle problem was recognized as a purely mathematical problem. This is also the time of the formation of the three great problems of antiquity - squaring the circle, trisecting an angle, and doubling the cube. A brief biography:
  • Anaxagoras was imprisoned for asserting that the sun was not a diety but a huge red-hot stone as large as all of Peloponnesus and the moon borrowed its light from the sun.
  • At the ripe age of seventy-two he was condemned to death for advocating the Persian cause.
  • Anaxagoras represents bold, rational inquiry. He represented the Greek trademark: ``the desire to know". His principle interest was in philosophy, where his main belief was that ``reason rules the world."
  • He wrote the book On Nature , the first widely circulated book on scientific subjects. Cost: 1 drachma.

3. Anaxagoras [Internet Encyclopedia Of Philosophy]
Early Greek Philosophy. anaxagoras of clazomenae Fragments. John Burnet
http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/a/anaxagor.htm
Anaxagoras (500-428 BCE.)
Like Empedocles, he started from the Parmenidean account of 'what is'. Also like Empedocles, Anaxagoras postulated a plurality of independent elements which he called 'seeds'. They are the ultimate elements of combination and are indivisible, imperishable primordia of infinite number, and differing in shape, color, and taste. Later writers referred to the seeds as omoiomereia (from an expression of Aristotle), meaning particles of like kind with each other and with the whole that is made up of them. They were not, however, the 'four roots', fire, air, earth, and water; on the contrary, these were compounds. Empedocles had supposed that bone, for instance, could be explained as a compound of the elements in a certain proportion, but this did not satisfy Anaxagoras. He pointed out that from bread and water arose hair, veins, 'arteries', flesh, muscles, bones, and the rest, and he asked 'How can hair be made of what is not hair, and flesh of what is not flesh?' (fr. 10). These words read like a direct criticism of Empedocles. Anaxagoras had been an adherent of 'the philosophy of Anaximines', and he kept as close to it as he could in the details of his cosmology. He could not say that everything was 'air' more or less rarefied or condense, for that view had been destroyed by Parmenides. If the world was to be explained at all, an original plurality must be admitted. He therefore substituted for the primary 'air' a state of the world in which 'all things were together, infinite both in quantity and in smallness' (fr. 1). This is explained to mean that the original mass was infinitely divisible, but that, however far division was carried, every part of it would still contain all 'things', and would in that respect be just like the whole. That is the very opposite of the doctrine of 'elements', which seems to be expressly denied by the dictum that 'the things that are in one world are not separated from one another or cut off with a hatchet' (fr. 8). Everything has 'portions' of everything else in it.

4. Anaxagoras Of Clazomenae (ca. 500-ca. 428 BC) -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of
Home Ancient Greek Scientists AGRICULTURALISTS ARCHITECTS ARTISTS ASTRONOMERS BIOLOGISTS BOTANISTS CHEMISTS ENGINEERS GEOGRAPHERS INVENTORS MATHEMATICIANS METEOROLOGISTS PHARMACOLOGISTS PHYSICIANS PHYSICISTS ASTRONOMER, PHYSICIST ANAXAGORAS OF
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Anaxagoras of Clazomenae (ca. 500-ca. 428 BC)

Greek philosopher who correctly explained the phases of the Moon and eclipses of Moon and Sun in terms of their movements. He believed that the heaven and Earth were brought into existence by the same processes and composed of the same materials. In trying to explain the processes of nutrition and growth, he theorized that every substance contains portions of every other.
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Author: Eric W. Weisstein

5. Anaxagoras Of Clazomenae
26 September 2001 Scribes John Kohler and Thomas Narsingh These minutes were spoken on 28 September; for another version, Class began with Professor Hutchinson addressing a question posed by a student. because it is Aristotles commentary on the fragments of Anaxagoras. Hutchinson pointed out that even though T6 He originated from Clazomenae and came to Athens in 480 BCE, where
http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~dhutchin/s26a.htm
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Anaxagoras
26 September 2001 Scribes: John Kohler and Thomas Narsingh These minutes were spoken on 28 September; for another version, go to the unspoken minutes Class began with Professor Hutchinson addressing a question posed by a student. The student wanted to know the distinction between the cosmos and the universe This was an important question since these terms were used of by many of the ancient philosophers. Hutchinson began his response by first considering the definition of universe. By definition, a unicycle has and only can have one wheel. In the same way the universe can only be singular. This can also be seen in the word panorama meaning to see all around. Thus, universe is necessarily one thing that is all encompassing. Next, Hutchinson considered the definition of cosmos. Words like cosmetics, having to do with the idea of arrangement or adornment, are related to it. Cosmos is defined as an arranged part of the whole. Hence, we can think of the stars, the earth and moon (which in part make up a cosmos) as an arranged part of the whole universe. Ancient Philosophers were divided between the ideas of many cosmos or one cosmos.

6. John Burnet: Early Greek Philosophy -- Anaxagoras Of Clazomenae: Fragments
EXPLORING PLATO'S DIALOGUES A Virtual Learning Environment on the WorldWideWeb Early Greek Philosophy anaxagoras of clazomenae Fragments. John Burnet.
http://plato.evansville.edu/public/burnet/ch6a.htm

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Anaxagoras of Clazomenae: Fragments John Burnet 126. The Fragments I give the fragments according to the text and arrangement of Diels: (1) All things were together, infinite both in number and in smallness; for the small too was infinite. And, when all things were together, none of them could be distinguished for their smallness. For air and aether prevailed over all things, being both of them infinite; for amongst all things these are the greatest both in quantity and size. R. P. 151. (2) For air and aether are separated off from the mass that surrounds the world, and the surrounding mass is infinite in quantity. R. P. ib (3) Nor is there a least of what is small, but there is always a smaller; for it cannot be that what is should cease to be by being cut. But there is also always something greater than what is great, and it is equal to the small in amount, and, compared with itself, each thing is both great and small. R. P. 159 a. (4) And since these things are so, we must suppose that there are contained many things and of all sorts in the things that are uniting, seeds of all things, with all sorts of shapes and colors and savors (R. P.

7. Anaxagoras
Features a profile of the Ionianborn Greek philosopher who introduced concepts developed at the Ionian School to Athens. anaxagoras of clazomenae. Born 499 BC in Clazomenae (30 km west of Izmir), Lydia (now Turkey)
http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Anaxagoras.html
Anaxagoras of Clazomenae
Born: 499 BC in Clazomenae (30 km west of Izmir), Lydia (now Turkey)
Died: 428 BC in Lampsacus, Mysia (now Turkey)
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Anaxagoras of Clazomenae was described by Proclus , the last major Greek philosopher, who lived around 450 AD as (see for example [4]):- After Pythagoras Anaxagoras of Clazomenae dealt with many questions in geometry... Anaxagoras was an Ionian, born in the neighbourhood of Smyrna in what today is Turkey. We know few details of his early life, but certainly he lived the first part of his life in Ionia where he learnt about the new studies that were taking place there in philosophy and the new found enthusiasm for a scientific study of the world. He came from a rich family but he gave up his wealth. As Heath writes in [4]:- He neglected his possessions, which were considerable, in order to devote himself to science. Although Ionia had produced philosophers such as Pythagoras , up to the time of Anaxagoras this new study of knowledge had not spread to Athens. Anaxagoras is famed as the first to introduce philosophy to the Athenians when he moved there in about 480 BC. During Anaxagoras's stay in Athens

8. Anaxagoras
anaxagoras of clazomenae. Born 499 example 4). After Pythagorasanaxagoras of clazomenae dealt with many questions in geometry
http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Anaxagoras.html
Anaxagoras of Clazomenae
Born: 499 BC in Clazomenae (30 km west of Izmir), Lydia (now Turkey)
Died: 428 BC in Lampsacus, Mysia (now Turkey)
Click the picture above
to see a larger version Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index
Anaxagoras of Clazomenae was described by Proclus , the last major Greek philosopher, who lived around 450 AD as (see for example [4]):- After Pythagoras Anaxagoras of Clazomenae dealt with many questions in geometry... Anaxagoras was an Ionian, born in the neighbourhood of Smyrna in what today is Turkey. We know few details of his early life, but certainly he lived the first part of his life in Ionia where he learnt about the new studies that were taking place there in philosophy and the new found enthusiasm for a scientific study of the world. He came from a rich family but he gave up his wealth. As Heath writes in [4]:- He neglected his possessions, which were considerable, in order to devote himself to science. Although Ionia had produced philosophers such as Pythagoras , up to the time of Anaxagoras this new study of knowledge had not spread to Athens. Anaxagoras is famed as the first to introduce philosophy to the Athenians when he moved there in about 480 BC. During Anaxagoras's stay in Athens

9. Democritus
Article on the atomist philosopher Democritus, including quotes and what little we know about his life.Category Society History By Time Period Ancient Greece People...... Certainly Democritus was not the first to propose an atomic theory. His teacherLeucippus had proposed an atomic system, as had anaxagoras of clazomenae.
http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Democritus.html
Democritus of Abdera
Born: about 460 BC in Abdera, Thrace, Greece
Died: about 370 BC
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Democritus of Abdera is best known for his atomic theory but he was also an excellent geometer. Very little is known of his life but we know that Leucippus was his teacher. Democritus certainly visited Athens when he was a young man, principally to visit Anaxagoras , but Democritus complained how little he was known there. He said, according to Diogenes Laertius writing in the second century AD [5]:- I came to Athens and no one knew me. Democritus was disappointed by his trip to Athens because Anaxagoras , then an old man, had refused to see him. As Brumbaugh points out in [3]:- How different he would find the trip today, where the main approach to the city from the northeast runs past the impressive "Democritus Nuclear Research Laboratory". Certainly Democritus made many journeys other than the one to Athens. Russell in [9] writes:- He travelled widely in southern and eastern lands in search of knowledge, he perhaps spent a considerable time in Egypt, and he certainly visited Persia. He then returned to Abdera, where he remained.

10. Anaxagoras Of Clazomenae From FOLDOC
anaxagoras of clazomenae. ancient greek philosophy, mathematics, astronomy , presocratic school, philosophy of nature Presocratic
http://www.swif.uniba.it/lei/foldop/foldoc.cgi?Anaxagoras of Clazomenae

11. Dictionary Contents: All
Engine; Analytical Machine; analytic philosophy; analytic synthetic; anamnaesis;anankae; anarchism; anaxagoras of clazomenae; Anaximander; Anaximenes; AND
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Free On-line Dictionary of Philosophy Acknowledgements abduction Abelard Peter Free On-line Dictionary of Philosophy Acknowledgements abduction Abelard Peter ... zombie

12. Anaxagoras Of Clazomenae
© 1998 Bernard SUZANNE, Last updated December 5, 1998. Plato and hisdialogues Home Biography - Works - History of interpretation
http://plato-dialogues.org/tools/char/anaxagor.htm
Bernard SUZANNE Last updated December 5, 1998 Plato and his dialogues : Home Biography Works History of interpretation ... New hypotheses - Map of dialogues : table version or non tabular version . Tools : Index of persons and locations Detailed and synoptic chronologies - Maps of Ancient Greek World . Site information : About the author This page is part of the "tools" section of a site, Plato and his dialogues , dedicated to developing a new interpretation of Plato's dialogues. The "tools" section provides historical and geographical context (chronology, maps, entries on characters and locations) for Socrates, Plato and their time. For more information on the structure of entries and links available from them, read the notice at the beginning of the index of persons and locations . . . . WORK IN PROGRESS - PLEASE BE PATIENT . . . To Perseus general lookup encyclopedia mentions in ancient authors Plato and his dialogues : Home Biography Works History of interpretation ... New hypotheses - Map of dialogues : table version or non tabular version . Tools : Index of persons and locations Detailed and synoptic chronologies - Maps of Ancient Greek World . Site information : About the author First published January 4, 1998 - Last updated December 5, 1998

13. TMTh:: ANAXAGORAS OF CLAZOMENAE
ASTRONOMER, PHYSICIST anaxagoras of clazomenae (fl. 500428 BC) LifeOne of the major philosophers of the ancient world, Anaxagoras
http://www.tmth.edu.gr/en/aet/4/5.html

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His writings on astronomy are particularly interesting. He is said to have predicted the fall of a meteorite at Aegospotami in 467/466 BC: for many years this stone - which was the size of a mill-stone - was shown off to visitors by the people of Abydos on the Hellespont. On another occasion he went to Olympia all dressed in leather, to protect himself from the rainstorm which he had predicted, and which did indeed occur shortly afterwards.
His theories are resumed in his treatise "On Nature", where he says that there is no "coming-into-being" or "passing-away", but rather aggregations and segregations of matter. The universe was in the beginning a chaos of innumerable "seeds", which "Mind" ordered into shape in a series of "successions". "On Nature" also contains his commentaries on the fall of the meteorite at Aegospotami.
Many fragments of his work survive. The rules enunciated in his treatise on descriptive geometry, entitled "Perspective", found wide application in the theatre.
In his "Cosmogony" he argued that the universe was created by a whirlwind created by nous (God): up to a point his work underlies the theories of Kant and Laplace. He also stated that the moon is not self-luminous, but takes its light from the sun; he correctly interpreted lunar and solar eclipses; and he correctly ascribed the flooding of the Nile to the melting of the snows in Ethiopia. Finally, he wrote at length on the squaring of the circle.

14. TMTh:: Ancient Greek Technologists
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15. Anaxagoras Of Clazomenae (c.500-c.428 B.C.)
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z anaxagoras of clazomenae (c.500c.428 BC)
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Anaxagoras of Clazomenae (c.500-c.428 B.C.)
Greek philosopher from Ionia who gave up his wealth to pursue a life of study. At the age of twenty, he moved to Athens and effectively established it as the new center of Greek philosophy. For three decades he helped shape the thoughts of a number of illustrious pupils, including Pericles the statesman, Euripides the playwright, and possibly even Socrates. Anaxagoras's explanations of the Moon's light, eclipses, earthquakes, meteors, rainbows, sound, and wind seem surprisingly modern, and he put forward some provocative ideas that bore on the possibility of extraterrestrial life. He thought, for instance, that the Moon has "a surface in some places lofty, in others hollow" and that a race of humans dwelt there ( Moon, life on ). He also postulated that the Sun was a brightly glowing rock "bigger than the Peloponnese" and that the stars were other suns lying at such a distance that they appeared to give out no heat. When he was about thirty-three, a meteorite big enough to fill a wagon landed in broad daylight near the town of Aegispotami. Anaxagoras caused a sensation by claiming it had come from the Sun. To him, there was no difficulty in thinking about the Sun and Moon as sizable, physical objects rather than as deities. In fact, in place of the traditional pantheon of gods, he argued that there was just a single eternal intelligence, or "Nous", which pervades the cosmos. The Athenian authorities, smarting from a recent military defeat at the hands of the Persians, were in no mood to be subverted from within by such heretical views and arrested Anaxagoras. Charged with impiety, he was sentenced to death. Fortunately Pericles, the most respected man in Athens, put in a good word for him and the sentence was commuted to exile. Anaxagoras retired to Lampsacus on the Dardanelles where he continued teaching for another twenty years. See

16. Anaxagoras
anaxagoras of clazomenae was a Greek mathematician and astronomer. After Pythagoras,anaxagoras of clazomenae dealt with many questions in geometry
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The citizens of Athens ... passed a law permitting impeachment of those who did not practice religion and taught theories about 'the things on high'. Under this law they persecuted Anaxagoras, who was accused of teaching that the sun was a red-hot stone and the moon was earth. We should examine this teaching of Anaxagoras about the sun more closely for, although it was used as a reason to put him in prison, it is a most remarkable teaching. It was based on his doctrine of "nous" which is translated as "mind" or "reason". Initially "all things were together" and matter was some homogeneous mixture. The nous set up a vortex in this mixture. The rotation system is present. Anaxagoras also shows an understanding of centrifugal force which again shows the major scientific insights that he possessed. Anaxagoras proposed that the moon shines by reflected light from the "red-hot stone" which was the sun, the first such recorded claim. Showing great genius he was also then able to take the next step and become the first to explain correctly the reason for eclipses of the sun and moon. His explanation of eclipses of the sun is completely correct but he did spoil his explanation of eclipses of the moon by proposing that in addition to being caused by the shadow of the earth, there were other dark bodies between the earth and the moon which also caused eclipses of the moon. It is a little unclear why he felt it necessary to postulate the existence of these bodies but it does not detract from this major breakthrough in mathematical astronomy. There is also other evidence to suggest that Anaxagoras had applied geometry to the study of astronomy.

17. John Burnet: Early Greek Philosophy -- Anaxagoras Of Clazomenae
anaxagoras of clazomenae. John Burnet. 120. 121. Early Life. Anaxagoras was fromClazomenae, and Theophrastus tells us that his father's name was Hegesibulus.
http://www.southalabama.edu/philosophy/coker/PHL_240/Web_Burnet/John Burnet Earl
Early Greek Philosophy Anaxagoras of Clazomenae John Burnet 120. Date All that Apollodorus tells us with regard to the date of Anaxagoras seems to rest on the authority of Demetrius Phalereus, who said of him, in his Register of Archons , that he "began to be a philosopher" at Athens at the age of twenty, in the archonship of Callias or Calliades (480-79 B.C.). This date was probably derived from a calculation based on the philosopher's age at the time of his trial, which Demetrius had every opportunity of learning from sources no longer extant. Apollodorus inferred that Anaxagoras was born in 01. LXX. (500-496 B.C.), and he adds that he died at the age of seventy-two in 01. LXXXVIII. I (428-27 B.C.). He doubtless thought it natural that he should not survive Pericles , and that he should die the year Plato was born. We have a further statement, of doubtful origin, but probably due also to Demetrius, that Anaxagoras lived at Athens for thirty years. If it is correct, we get from about 480 to 450 B.C. as the time he lived there. There can be no doubt that these dates are very nearly right.

18. John Burnet: Early Greek Philosophy -- Anaxagoras Of Clazomenae: Discussion
Early Greek Philosophy. anaxagoras of clazomenae Discussion. John Burnet.127. Anaxagoras and His Predecessors. The system of Anaxagoras
http://www.southalabama.edu/philosophy/coker/PHL_240/Web_Burnet/John Burnet Earl
Early Greek Philosophy Anaxagoras of Clazomenae: Discussion John Burnet 127. Anaxagoras and His Predecessors The system of Anaxagoras , like that of Empedocles , aimed at reconciling the Eleatic doctrine that corporeal substance is unchangeable with the existence of a world which everywhere presents the appearance of coming into being and passing away. The conclusions of Parmenides are frankly accepted and restated. Nothing can be added to all things; for there cannot be more than all, and all is always equal (fr. 5). Nor can anything pass away. What men commonly call coming into being and passing away is really mixture and separation (fr. 17). It is in every way probable that Anaxagoras derived his theory of mixture from his younger contemporary, whose poem may have been published before his own treatise. In any case, we have seen that the opinions of the latter were known at Athens before the middle of the fifth century. We have seen how Empedocles sought to save the world of appearance by maintaining that the opposites hot and cold, moist and dry were things , each one of which was real in the Parmenidean sense.

19. Easyspace-your Perfect Partner For The Web
anaxagoras of clazomenae. Contents Updated Monday, January 24, 2000anaxagoras of clazomenae (499428 BC). anaxagoras of clazomenae.
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Anaxagoras of Clazomenae
Anaxagoras of Clazomenae went to Athens about 480 BC. He claimed "the sun and stars are flaming stones which are carried round by the revolution of the ether." He claimed the sun is larger than the Peloponnesus, the moon shines with the light of the sun, and he explained a large meteorite which fell on Aegospotamoi as a result of a landslide on one of the heavenly bodies. He was charged with impiety and narrowly escaped being exiled from Athens. The desire to avoid such a fate is why many of the pre-Socratic philosophers spoke of gods that they had no place for in their systems—they tipped a nod to popular prejudice. Thus even Euripides said Empedocles had reduced "the all seeing Helios, who traversed the sky every day in his flashing chariot and was the awful witness of men's most sacred oaths, to the status of a lifeless lump of glowing stone." Anaxagoras also maintained the existence of an ordering principle as well as a material substance, and while regarding the latter as an infinite multitude of imperishable primary elements, qualitatively distinguished, he conceived divine reason or Mind (

20. NBI: Raphael, School Of Athens, Anaxagoras
anaxagoras of clazomenae (499 428 BCE.). Andrews, Scotland). John Burnetanaxagoras of clazomenae, from Early Greek Philosophy, 3rd Ed.
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Anaxagoras of Clazomenae
(499 - 428 BCE.)
RAFFAELLO SANZIO, The School of Athens (detail): Anaxagoras (right, holding chart of harmonies for Pythagoras).
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