1. Early Classics In Biogeography, Distribution, And Diversity Studies: To 1950 A bibliography of historical sources in biogeography and related fields, with links to biographical Category Science Biology Ecology biogeography......A bibliography of historical sources in biogeography and related fields, with linksto biographical information and the fulltext of many of the sources listed http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/biogeog/

Charles H. Smith, Ph.D. Early Classics in Biogeography, Distribution, and Diversity Studies: To 1950 is a bibliography and full-text archive designed as a service to advanced students and researchers engaged in work in biogeography, biodiversity, history of science, and related studies. All items in the bibliography are primary sources and were published in 1950 or before. The subjects involved touch on fields ranging from ecology, conservation, systematics and physical geography, to evolutionary biology, cultural biogeography, paleobiology, and bioclimatologybut have in common a relevance to the study of geographical distribution and diversity. Those who have not used this resource before are strongly advised to click here for a full description of the service, including important information on the enhancement features it contains. For information on me (including how to contact me), click here For some RELATED LINKS click here For the combined SEARCH / THESAURUS feature click here A B C ... P Q R S T U V W X Y Z AAAAA Adams, Charles C. [1873-1955]

2. Biogeography Covers what biogeography is, what sort of questions biogeographers address, different specialties in biogeography, the history of biogeography, the dispersal of species, plate tectonics, and its relationship to biogeographic processes, particularly dispersal. http://ripley.wo.sbc.edu/departmental/env-studies/geo/biogeogr.htm

Home Up Aerial Photos Global Positioning Systems (GPS) ... Biomes [ Biogeography ] Biodiversity Exotic Species Agriculture and Food Production Open-Land Resources, Parks, and Preserves ... Managing the Environment Biogeography Biogeography is a field unto itself, and it is difficult to condense it all down into a 50 minute lecture. We can't cover everything. So, I have chosen to talk about the following things. We will discuss: What is biogeography? What sort of questions do biogeographers address? Different specialties in biogeography A bit about the history of biogeography the dispersal of species Plate tectonics, and its relationship to biogeographic processes, especially to dispersal What is biogeography? We've talked about the definition of geography, and of environmental geography. Biogeography is the science that attempts to document and understand spatial patterns of biodiversity. It is the study of distributions of organisms, both past and present, and of related patterns of variation over the earth in the numbers and kinds of living things. So, it is the subset of geography that deals with living things.

3. UCSB Biogeography Lab Home Page Learn about research into conservation, ecology and species distribution conducted at this University of California, Santa Barbara laboratory. The UCSB biogeography Lab has moved to the Donald Bren School of Environmental Science Management at the University of http://www.biogeog.ucsb.edu/

The UCSB Biogeography Lab has moved to the at the University of California, Santa Barbara . The Lab was originally established in 1991 within the Department of Geography to conduct basic and applied research on the ecology, distribution and conservation status of species and ecosystems with the aid of geographic information systems and remote sensing. Research to date has focused on regional scale mapping and modelling of vegetation cover types, wildlife distributions, and long-term vegetation change, as well as on methods for assessing the accuracy of vegetation maps. Recent work has included designing optimal networks of nature reserves for protecting biodiversity. Most work has concentrated on the region of California and the western United States. Research grants are administered by the Institute for Computational Earth System Science . The Lab is directed by Dr. Frank Davis and managed by Dr. David Stoms What's New? Revised 07/01/02 Final Report to the World BankEconomic Instruments for Habitat Conservation (TAMARIN) Managed Areas Layer 1:100,000 scale from CA-GAP available from California Spatial Information Library

4. Nearctica - Ecology - Biogeography Describes the objectives, methods and larger relevance of biogeographic studies. Links to related articles on ecology and continental drift. Ecology biogeography. Return to Ecology Main Page http://www.nearctica.com/ecology/habitats/biogeo.htm

Ecology - Biogeography Return to Ecology Main Page Buy Books on Biogeography Biogeography is the study of the distributions of plants and animals over the surface of the Earth in both space and time. The spatial component of biogeography attempts to describe and explain the distributions of one or more species over the world. Biogeography may also try to elucidate the changing distributions of organisms over time, either in the short term or over geological time. The political and economic importance of biogeography can be very great indeed. Species and ecosystem distributions need to be considered in making any land management or conservation decisions. Biogeography has many modes. Biogeography can be purely descriptive describing the distributions of particular species or habitats (ecosystems). These species or ecosystems mappings are very important from a conservation and land management viewpoint and also provide basic biological information crucial to all of the natural sciences. Historical biogeography, on the other hand, attempts to explain the current distributions of species and ecosystems (habitats) on the basis of historical patterns of ecological changes, climate changes, or vicariant events. (Vicariant events are the creation of major barriers to dispersal of organisms such as continental drift, mountain creation, the changes in drainage patterns,or major climate changes). These changes may have occurred in relatively short periods of time or stretch over long periods of geological time.

5. Glossary For Biogeography Terms arranged according to various subject categories including general biogeography, ecology, evolution, landscape ecology and taxonomy maintained by Radford University. http://www.runet.edu/~swoodwar/CLASSES/GEOG235/glossary.html

Physical Geography Working Group The Virtual Geography Department Radford Geography Department Radford University Glossary for Biogeography NOTE: Terms are arranged according to the following subject categories: biogeography, ecology, evolution, landscape ecology, and taxonomy. This should not be taken to mean that any term is limited in use or definition to a particular discipline; the arrangement is a pedagogical device to help the beginning student in biogeography to make associations among various words and processes. Each term also may be accessed through the index at the end of this document. Biogeographic terminology Alien: a non-native species, especially one introduced to some part of the world through human action. Altitudinal zonation: the sorting of plant and animal species according to elevation in response to differences in temperature and precipitation patterns. Biogeography: the science that studies the distribution of life, past and present. Colonization: the establishment of a population in a place formerly unoccupied by that species. Colonization implies successful reproduction in the new area, not simply the presence of a species there. Dispersal: the transport of propagules beyond the limits of a species' distribution area Distribution area: the geographic range of a taxon.

6. Biogeography Lectures notes on biogeography by David A. Fitch of New York University. http://www.nyu.edu/projects/fitch/courses/evolution/html/biogeography.html

David H.A. Fitch Click on the topic you would like to review: Lecture notes Major types of biogeographic distributions Historical causes of disjunct biogeographic distributions Evidence for historical biogeography ... Exercises Lecture notes Biogeography: Analysis of spatial distributions of organisms I. Major types of biogeographic distributions A. Cosmopolitan (not necessarily entirely cosmopolitan): e.g., Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, common rock pigeon B. Endemic : restricted to particular regions 1. Alfred Russell Wallace (and other early biogeographers) realized that many endemic taxa had approximately congruent distributions (e.g., in particular regions of Indonesia), forming "Biogeographic Realms" 2. Although a particular type of habitat might occur in several widely scattered places throughout the world, species in one habitat are more closely related to nearby species in other habitats than to species in the same habitat elsewhere (in other realms) 3. Despite this, species in corresponding habitats often have convergently similar adaptations C.

7. Sweet Oranges: The Biogeography Of Citrus Sinensis The domestication, dispersal and breeding of the sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) and its varieties, throughout history. http://www.aquapulse.net/knowledge/orange.html

Aqua Pulse Searching for Solitude Knowledge Voices in the Wind ... Sweet Oranges Sweet Oranges: The Biogeography of Citrus sinensis Stephen Hui Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Date: URI: http://www.aquapulse.net/knowledge/orange Suggested citation: Hui, Stephen. (1999, April 4). Sweet oranges: The biogeography of Citrus sinensis. Retrieved from http://www.aquapulse.net/knowledge/orange Table of Contents Introduction Taxonomy History Products ... References Introduction With its numerous cultivated varieties, the sweet orange ( Citrus sinensis Osbeck) constitutes one of the world's most popular and recognizable fruit crops. Sweet oranges are citrus fruits ( Citrus spp.), which are regarded as high sources of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and other fruit acids. These fruits are hesperidiums, because of their fleshiness and separable rind. Physically, citrus fruits consist of forty to fifty percent juice, twenty to forty percent rind and twenty to thirty-five percent pulp and seeds. Chemically, they contain eighty-six to ninety-two percent water, five to eight percent sugars and one to two percent pectin with lesser amounts of acids, protein, essential oils and minerals (Janick et. al. 1981). Citrus fruits grow on small evergreen trees, many of which depend on root mycorrhizae (Janick et. al. 1981). Most of these C plants are cultivated as scions on rootstocks. All

8. European Bison Biogeography Natural history, evolution, distribution, and timeline of the status of the species through the centuries. http://www.sfsu.edu/~geog/bholzman/courses/316projects/bison.html

Geography 316: Biogeography In progress 5/14/99 The Biogeography of the European Bison Bison bonasus bonasus by Donald Patterson, student in Geography 316 Photo Source: J.Krasinski Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Orders Artiodactyla Family Bovidae Genus Bison Species bonasus Subspecies bonasus Natural History: The largest concentration of European bison live in Poland's Bialowieza National Park (Falinski, 1999). It is here that Europe's last remaining primeval forest stands. The National Park covers an area of about 20-square miles, which is located within the larger (and lesser protected) Bialowieza forest – 220sq.mi., and is contiguous to Belarus’ Beloveskaja Pusca National Park – 335sq.mi (WCMC, 1999) The ancient forest lies in a flat, moist region consisting of 26 species of trees, 55 species of shrubs, 14 species dwarf shrubs, and 62 species of mammals, of which wolves and lynx are important predators of young and weak bison. These are a few of the over 10,000 species that contribute to the forest’s rich biodiversity (Falinski, 1999)

9. Introduction To Biogeography An online course developed for Geography 4900 at Valdosta State University by Dr. Henri D. Grissino-Mayer.Category Science Biology Ecology biogeography......Geography 4900 Introduction to biogeography Online Course developed by Dr. HenriD. GrissinoMayer Department of Physics, Astronomy, and Geosciences Valdosta http://www.valdosta.edu/~grissino/geog4900/

Geography 4900 Introduction to Biogeography Online Course developed by Dr. Henri D. Grissino-Mayer Department of Physics, Astronomy, and Geosciences Valdosta State University Welcome to Geography 4900 at Valdosta State University , where I'll introduce you to a major sub-discipline of the Earth Sciences known as Biogeography. In this course, you'll learn about the different vegetation zones of the Earth, biodiversity, community stucture, disturbance history, ecosystem dynamics, patterns of distribution, and patterns of fauna and flora in the past and future. This course will emphasize an evolutionary and ecological approach using Cox and Moore's excellent book on Biogeography. We'll learn how the previous glaciation affected the current patterns of distribution of plants and animals. We'll also take several field excursions to gain hands-on experience with observational methods and techniques used in Biogeography. At the end of this course, you'll have a deeper and more appreciative understanding of the patterns of distribution of living organisms across the Earth's surface, and why these patterns arise. Meet the Professor Just to show you I'm a real person.

10. Biogeography Specialty Group Home Page Formed to promote interaction among biogeographers, stimulate active research and teaching development Category Science Biology Ecology biogeography......biogeography Specialty Group. of the Association of American Geographers(AAG). Concerned with the where, how, and why of biotic distributions. http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/2498/bsghome1.htm

Biogeography Specialty Group of the Association of American Geographers (AAG) Concerned with the where, how, and why of biotic distributions The Biogeography Specialty Group (BSG) of the Association of American Geographers (AAG) was formed to promote interaction among biogeographers, stimulate active research and teaching development in biogeography, and facilitate the exchange of ideas. The BSG engages in a variety of activities to these ends, including sponsoring special sessions, student paper sessions, and field trips at the annual conventions of our parent organization (AAG), and granting student research awards in biogeographic endeavors. Some links to things of potential interest to biogeographers: Association of American Geographers (AAG) home page The Biogeographer (the latest BSG newsletter) BSG Member Directory - 1996 Update BSG Member E-mail Directory Biogeography and ecology links Physical Geography links Conservation links GIS and Remote Sensing links Geography Departments around the World (you can add your own departmental URL to the list) Send new links to f_precht@fre.fsu.umd.edu

11. Www.biogeography.com/ http://www.biogeography.com/

12. JSTOR: Journal Of Biogeography Journal of biogeography. JSTOR coverage Vols. 126, 1974-1999. Journal Informationfor Journal of biogeography. Publisher Blackwell Science, Ltd. Moving Wall 3. http://www.jstor.org/journals/03050270.html

RESOURCES FOR LIBRARIANS RESOURCES FOR PUBLISHERS PARTICIPATION INFORMATION Journal of Biogeography JSTOR coverage: Vols. 1-26, 1974-1999 Please read JSTOR's "Terms and Conditions of Use" before you begin. Search this journal Browse this journal Journal Information for Journal of Biogeography Publisher Blackwell Science, Ltd. Moving Wall The subjects of biogeography, ecology and biodiversity are now of truly global importance. Recognizing this increased significance, the scope of the Journal of Biogeography and its sister publications, Global Ecology and Biogeography and Diversity and Distributions , continue to be developed under the guidance of Dr Robert Whittaker and Dr David Richardson respectively, acting as a team with Professor Philip Stott, the Editor of Journal of Biogeography Journal of Biogeography is essential reading for all environmentalists, biogeographers, ecologists, biologists, botanists and zoologists. ISSN OCLC LCCN Journal information provided by Blackwell Science, Ltd. Pre- and post-digitization work on this title was completed by Rachna Dhingra and Luisita Sarmiento, JSTOR Production Technicians.

13. JSTOR: Global Ecology And Biogeography Letters Global Ecology and biogeography Letters. (continued by Global Ecology and biogeography) JournalInformation for Global Ecology and biogeography Letters. http://www.jstor.org/journals/09607447.html

RESOURCES FOR LIBRARIANS RESOURCES FOR PUBLISHERS PARTICIPATION INFORMATION Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters (continued by Global Ecology and Biogeography JSTOR coverage: Vols. 1-7, 1991-1998 Please read JSTOR's "Terms and Conditions of Use" before you begin. Search this journal Browse this journal Journal Information for Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters Publisher Blackwell Science, Ltd. Global Ecology and Biogeography publishes succinct, scientific material relating to historical, spatial, ecological and applied biogeography for rapid publication, and particularly publishes articles on: macroecology ecological and biogeographical responses to global environmental change comparative ecology and biogeography community ecology island biogeography the ecological and biogeographical bases for conservation ecological applications of remote sensing and GIS Global Ecology and Biogeography is published as part of a single package with its sister journals Journal of Biogeography , and Diversity and Distributions (formerly Biodiversity Letters ). Together these journals provide comprehensive coverage of the fields of biogeography, ecology and biodiversity.

14. Graduate Programs In Landscape Ecology, Spatial Ecology, And Biogeography List of universities offering advanced degrees. http://www.edc.uri.edu/personal/jeff/legrad/

Graduate Programs in Landscape Ecology, Spatial Ecology, and Biogeography I have compiled this list of schools (mostly in the US) during the course of my own research on grad schools and have also had some help from the ECOLOG and US-IALE discussion lists. Not all of these schools have specific programs in landscape ecology, spatial ecology or biogeography; however, all of them seem to have, at a minimum, the opportunity to study the spatial aspects of ecology. If you have any suggestions, changes, additions, or comments please let me know at jeff@edc.uri.edu Thanks again to everyone who responded to my initial request. I hope you find the list to be helpful. Good luck, Jeff W. Hollister Arizona State Univeristy Landscape Ecology and Modeling Lab Auburn University Department of Forestry see Mark D. MacKenzie Carleton University Landscape Ecology Lab Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang Institute of Applied Ecology (couldn't find URL) Colorado State University Graduate Program in Ecology see Curricular Track Option in Landscape Ecology Duke University Landscape Ecology Lab Iowa State University Department of Animal Ecology see Brent J. Danielson

15. Www.blackwell-science.com/products/journals/jbiog.htm Journal of biogeography journal information, contents lists and abstractson the Blackwell Publishing website. Journal of biogeography. http://www.blackwell-science.com/products/journals/jbiog.htm

16. John R. Bolt Paleobiology and biogeography of Paleozoic reptiles and amphibians (Field Museum of Natural History). http://pondside.uchicago.edu/ceb/faculty/bolt.html

Research Publications John R. Bolt Curator : Department of Geology, The Field Museum Lecturer : Committee on Evolutionary Biology OFFICE : Department of Geology, The Field Museum PHONE : FAX : EMAIL : bolt@fmnh.org R esearch Interests: Current studies are focused on: (1) Relationships and morphology of primitive amphibians (as well as fish) from a new Mississippian (ca. 335 million years before present) locality in southeastern Iowa. The locality has produced hundreds of specimens of the oldest tetrapods known from continental North America. Complete specimen preparation will require several years. (2) Fossil evidence for the origin and early evolution of the tetrapod auditory system, and its implications for otic evolution as well as tetrapod relationships. (3) Origin and early evolution of the living amphibians (lissamphibians). I am interested in supervising graduate research on systematics, morphology, and biogeography of Paleozoic reptiles and amphibians. R ecent Publications : Bolt, J. R., 1983.

17. Biogeography Of Madagascar paper was presented at the International Symposium on the biogeography of Madagascar held in Paris 2628 September 1995. http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Madagasc/biomad1.html

The following paper was presented at the International Symposium on the Biogeography of Madagascar held in Paris 26-28 September 1995. The printed version of the paper was published in the Symposium volume (Schatz, G.E. 1996. Malagasy/Indo-Australo-Malesian phytogeographic connections. In : W.R. Lourenço (ed.), Biogeography of Madagascar . Editions ORSTOM, Paris). ABSTRACT Table of Contents Introduction Cretaceous Gondwanan Relicts Proteaceae Basal Apiales ... Next Page

18. Biogeography Home Page GEOG 335. biogeography. Home Page. newsletter of the biogeography Specialty Groupof the Association of American Geographerssee what biogeographers are doing; http://www.radford.edu/~swoodwar/CLASSES/GEOG235/biogeog.html

GEOG 335. Biogeography Home Page This page provides entry to general information about the course as well as to the current class schedule, assignment descriptions, exam dates, on-line exercises, supplementary materials, and a glossary of terms. Course Description WebCT Course Supplements (online) Life Zones Biomes Zoogeographic Provinces General Review Questions on Song of the Dodo Ranges of North American Breeding Birds Speciation model Virtual field trip samples Big Bend National Park Deep Lock Quarry, Ohio Glacier National Park Indian Peaks, Colorado ... Glossary Other sites with useful information: The Biogeographer newsletter of the Biogeography Specialty Group of the Association of American Geographerssee what biogeographers are doing Plate tectonics: description and animations Museum of Paleontology , UC-Berkeley: On-line exhibits dealing with the history of life which may be accessed according to time period or taxon. Also contains exhibit on evolution and a glossary. Especially relevant to this course is the exhibit on the

19. Bioegog Template Student paper about the biology of the Saguaro cactus; includes photos and diagrams. http://bss.sfsu.edu/geog/bholzman/courses/Fall99Projects/saguaro.htm

San Francisco State University Department of Geography Geography 316: Biogeography The Biogeography of Cereus giganteus by Alexandria Gross, student in Geography 316, Fall 1999 Kingdom: Plant Phylum: Class: Order Cactales Family Cactaceae Genus Cereus Species: Cereus giganteus Description of Species The saguaro cactus comes from the family Cactaceae; its order Cactales, the genre name is Cereus, and its species the Cereus giganteus. Further discussion on the taxonomy of the saguaro will be discussed in the family tree line section. In 1908 in honor of Andrew Carnegie, the species name was changed to Carnegiea gigantean (Klaus, 1997). Other common names for it are sahuaro and pitahaya (Klaus, 1997). The first description of the Saguaro was in 1848, describing it as a particular species with a huge columnar, candelabra shaped cactus growing to 18 meters in height, a diameter of 65 cm, and living as long as 200 years (Klaus, 1997) The plant has 12-24 ribs, with brown areoles; which are axillariy buds that immediately produces a cluster of spine primordial (Gibson and Nobel, 1986), spaced every 2cm. The spines are brown, 7 mm long and up to 12 are arranged radially per areole, with 3-6 of these being center spines. (Klaus, 1997) The saguaro is native to Arizona, southeastern California and the Sonoran Desert in Mexico. These particular biomes are extremely hot in temperature, which serves as an ideal environment for this plant, which is able to store and hold water for periods of time. The saguaro can also tolerate temperatures to well below freezing. (Gibson and Nobel, 1986.)

20. Glossary For Biogeography Terms arranged according to various subject categories including general biogeography, ecology, evolution Category Reference Dictionaries By Subject Geography......Glossary for biogeography. NOTE Terms patterns. biogeography the sciencethat studies the distribution of life, past and present. Colonization http://www.radford.edu/~swoodwar/CLASSES/GEOG235/glossary.html

Physical Geography Working Group The Virtual Geography Department Radford Geography Department Radford University Glossary for Biogeography NOTE: Terms are arranged according to the following subject categories: biogeography, ecology, evolution, landscape ecology, and taxonomy. This should not be taken to mean that any term is limited in use or definition to a particular discipline; the arrangement is a pedagogical device to help the beginning student in biogeography to make associations among various words and processes. Each term also may be accessed through the index at the end of this document. Biogeographic terminology Alien: a non-native species, especially one introduced to some part of the world through human action. Altitudinal zonation: the sorting of plant and animal species according to elevation in response to differences in temperature and precipitation patterns. Biogeography: the science that studies the distribution of life, past and present. Colonization: the establishment of a population in a place formerly unoccupied by that species. Colonization implies successful reproduction in the new area, not simply the presence of a species there. Dispersal: the transport of propagules beyond the limits of a species' distribution area Distribution area: the geographic range of a taxon.

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