21. Nobel Prize In Physics 1996 of Sciences has decided to award the 1996 nobel Prize in Stanford University, Stanford,California, USA and Professor robert C. richardson, Cornell University http://felix.unife.it/Root/d-General/d-Physics/t-Nobel-prize-physics-1996

22. Premio Nobel De Fiziko - Vikipedio La Premio nobel de Fiziko estas disdonata ekde 1901. Tiuj personoj gajnis gin 1996David M. LEE, Douglas D. OSHEROFF kaj robert C. richardson. http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premio_Nobel_de_Fiziko

Vikipedio Ĉefpaĝo Enkonduko Helpo ... Ensalutu La Libera Enciklopedio Aliaj lingvoj: Dansk English Nederlands Presebla versio Premio Nobel de Fiziko El Vikipedio, la libera enciklopedio. Fiziko Premio Nobel La Premio Nobel de Fiziko estas disdonata ekde 1901. Tiuj personoj gajnis ĝin: Wilhelm Conrad R–NTGEN Hendrik Antoon LORENTZ kaj Pieter ZEEMAN Antoine Henri BECQUEREL Marie CURIE kaj Pierre CURIE John William Strutt RAYLEIGH Philipp LENARD Joseph John THOMSON ... Guglielmo MARCONI kaj Ferdinand BRAUN Johannes Diderik VAN DER WAALS Wilhelm WIEN Gustaf DALɎ ... William Henry BRAGG kaj William Lawrence BRAGG Charles Glover BARKLA Max PLANCK Johannes STARK ... James FRANCK kaj Gustav HERTZ Jean Baptiste PERRIN Arthur Holly COMPTON kaj Charles Thomson Rees WILSON Owen Willans RICHARDSON Louis DE BROGLIE Chandrasekhara Venkata RAMAN ... Paul Adrien Maurice DIRAC kaj Erwin SCHRքINGER James CHADWICK Carl David ANDERSON kaj Victor Franz HESS Clinton Joseph DAVISSON kaj George Paget THOMSON Enrico FERMI Ernest Orlando LAWRENCE Otto STERN ... John Douglas COCKCROFT kaj Ernest WALTON Felix BLOCH kaj Edward Mills PURCELL Frits ZERNIKE Max BORN kaj Walther BOTHE Willis Eugene LAMB kaj Polykarp KUSCH John BARDEEN Walter Houser BRATTAIN kaj William SHOCKLEY LEE Tsung Dao kaj YANG Chen Ning Pavel Alekseeviĉ ĈERENKOV Ilja MiÄ¥ailoviĉ FRANK kaj Igor Evgeneviĉ TAMM 1959 [[Emilio Gino SEGRɝ] kaj Owen CHAMBERLAIN Donald Arthur GLASER Robert HOFSTADTER kaj Rudolf Ludwig M֓SBAUER Lev Davidoviĉ LANDAU Maria GOEPPERT-MAYER Eugene Paul WIGNER kaj Hans Daniel JENSEN Nikolaj Gennadieviĉ BASOV Charles Hard TOWNES kaj

23. The Nobel Prize For Physics (1901-1998) is to watch the nobel Foundation web site at http//www.nobel.se. David M. Lee Superfluidityin helium3 Douglas D. Osheroff robert C. richardson 1997 1985 http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Administrivia/nobel.html

[Physics FAQ] Updated October 1998 by Nathan Urban. Updated 1997,96 by PEG. Updated 1994 by SIC. Original by Scott I. Chase. The Nobel Prize for Physics (1901-1998) The following is a complete listing of Nobel Prize awards, from the first award in 1901. Prizes were not awarded in every year. The date in brackets is the approximate date of the work. The description following the names is an abbreviation of the official citation. The Physics prize is announced near the beginning of October each year. One of the quickest ways to get the announcement is to watch the Nobel Foundation web site at http://www.nobel.se

24. Premio Nobel De Física - Wikipedia Translate this page Ver enlace http//www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/index.html. William D. Phillips1996 David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, robert C. richardson 1995 Martin L http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premio_Nobel/Física

Portada Cambios Recientes Edita esta página Historia Páginas especiales Preferencias de usuario Mi lista de seguimiento Cambio Recientes Subir una imagen Lista de imágenes Usuarios registrados Estadísticas del sitio Artículo aleatorio Artículos huérfanos Imágenes huérfanas Artículos populares Artículos más solicitados Artículos cortos Artículos largos Artículos nuevos Todas las páginas (alfabético) Direcciones IP bloqueadas Página de mantención Fuentes externas de libros Versión para imprimir Discusión Registrase/Entrar Ayuda Otros idiomas: Dansk(Danés) English (Inglés) Esperanto Nederlands (Holandés) Premio Nobel de Física (Redirigido desde Premio Nobel/Física Ver enlace: http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/index.html Raymond Davis, Masatoshi Koshiba, Riccardo Giacconi Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle, Carl E. Wieman Zhores I. Alferov, Herbert Kroemer, Jack S. Kilby Gerardus 't Hooft Martinus J.G. Veltman Robert B. Laughlin, Horst L. Störmer, Daniel C. Tsui Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, William D. Phillips David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson Martin L. Perl, Frederick Reines

25. RMC: The Prize to announce an exhibit, The Prize The nobel Laureates of Cornell, to celebrateCornell’s 1996 nobel Laureates, David M. Lee and robert C. richardson. http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/exhibits/info/prize.htm

The Prize: The Nobel Laureates of Cornell The Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections of the Cornell University Library is pleased to announce an exhibit, " The Prize: The Nobel Laureates of Cornell ," to celebrate Cornell’s 1996 Nobel Laureates, David M. Lee and Robert C. Richardson. The exhibition also honors the twenty-four other Cornell faculty and alumni who have been honored with Nobel prizes. Four, including Lee and Richardson, are currently on the faculty; there are twelve former faculty, and eleven alumni, both graduate and undergraduate. Cornellians have won eleven prizes in physics, five in chemistry, five in medicine, three in literature, one in economics, and one peace prize. Three Cornell women have been so recognized. Pearl Buck was the first American woman to win the Nobel Prize in Literature; and Toni Morrison the first African American to win the literature prize. "The Prize" features the medals and certificates of David M. Lee and Robert C. Richardson, as well as photographs, programs, and memorabilia from the ceremonies in Stockholm. It also commemorates the achievement of the Cornell’s other Nobel laureates with books, manuscripts, and photographs relating to their lives and work. The exhibition, curated by Elaine Engst and Mark Dimunation, will be on display in the Exhibition Gallery of the Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, Carl A. Kroch Library, February 24th through April 5th, 1996. , 2B Carl A. Kroch Library, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853. (607) 255-3530

26. 50th Anniversary Lecture July 1 Upton, NY nobel laureate robert C. richardson will give a lecture on The Discoveryof Superfluid Helium3 at the US Department of Energy's Brookhaven http://www.bnl.gov/bnlweb/pubaf/pr/1997/bnlpr060697.html

Mailed 6/6/97 50TH ANNIVERSARY LECTURE AT BROOKHAVEN LAB, JULY 1 NOBEL LAUREATE TO RECOUNT HIS DISCOVERY OF SUPERFLUID HELIUM-3 Upton, NY Nobel laureate Robert C. Richardson will give a lecture on "The Discovery of Superfluid Helium-3" at the U.S. Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory on Tuesday, July 1, at 4 p.m. in the Laboratory's Berkner Hall. The lecture is part of the BNL 50th Anniversary Distinguished Lecture Series, which features talks on various topics throughout 1997 to celebrate Brookhaven's beginning a half-century ago. The talks are open to the public free of charge. In 1972, Dr. Richardson, with his colleagues from Cornell University, Douglas D. Osherhoff (now at Stanford University) and David M. Lee, discovered a phenomenon known as superfluidity in helium-3, a rare form of helium. Superfluidity is the frictionless flow of fluid that is observed in liquid helium when it is cooled to near absolute zero, or minus 459.67 degrees Fahrenheit. The condition makes helium-3 perform differently than normal liquids. For example, it can actually flow uphill. For their discovery, Dr. Richardson and his colleagues won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1996. Future studies of superfluid helium-3 may provide insight into cosmic strings, which were possibly the precursors for galaxies. Also, further investigations may lead to a better understanding of the rotation of neutron stars.

27. The Nobel Prize For Physics (1901-1998) is to watch the nobel Foundation web site at http//www.nobel.se/. David M. Lee Superfluidityin Helium3 Douglas D. Osheroff robert C. richardson 1997 1985 http://hepweb.rl.ac.uk/ppUK/PhysFAQ/nobel.html

[Physics FAQ] updated 13-OCT-1998 by Nathan Urban updated 15-OCT-1997 by PEG updated 9-OCT-1996 by PEG updated 12-OCT-1994 by SIC original by Scott I. Chase The Nobel Prize for Physics (1901-1998) The following is a complete listing of Nobel Prize awards, from the first award in 1901. Prizes were not awarded in every year. The date in brackets is the approximate date of the work. The description following the names is an abbreviation of the official citation. The Physics prize is announced near the beginning of October each year. One of the quickest ways to get the announcement is to watch the Nobel Foundation web site at http://www.nobel.se/

28. Premios Nobel De La Física Translate this page PREMIOS nobel DE LA FÍSICA SIGLO XX 1901 Wilhelm Rontgen. Douglas D. Osheroff.robert C. richardson. 1923 robert Millikan, 1947 Edward Appleton, http://rsta.pucmm.edu.do/ciencias/fisica/nobel/premios_nobel_de_la_física.htm

PREMIOS NOBEL DE LA FÍSICA SIGLO XX Wilhelm Rontgen James Franck Gustav Hertz Cecil Powell ... Martinus J.G. Veltman Alfred Nóbel Premios Nóbel de Física Siglo XX Premios Nóbel de Física Siglo XXI

29. Nobel For Physics: All Laureates M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, robert C. richardson 1995 de Broglie 1928 Owen Willansrichardson 1927 Arthur Manne Georg Siegbahn 1923 robert Andrews Millikan http://www.popular-science.net/nobel/phy-list.html

NOBEL Read More on the Nobel Prize: Nobel Minds 2001 Awards John Nash Women Nobel Prize ... Prize Amounts MINI ALMANAC Calendar Moon phase Popular Science Highlights: IG Nobel 2002 The invention of :-) West Nile Virus Asteroid Impact? ... Book: Russell Read also: Nobel Prize Women in Science : Their Lives, Struggles, and Momentous Discoveries by Sharon Bertsch McGrayne THE NOBEL PRIZE FOR PHYSICS: ALL WINNERS 2001 Eric A. Cornell, Carl E. Wieman, Wolfgang Ketterle 2000 Zhores I Alferov, Herbert Kroemer, Jack S. Kilby 1999 Gerardus 't Hooft, Martinus J.G. Veltman 1998 Robert B. Laughlin, Horst L. Störmer, Daniel C. Tsui 1997 Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, William D. Phillips 1996 David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson 1995 Martin L. Perl, Frederick Reines 1994 Bertram N. Brockhouse, Clifford G. Shull 1993 Russell A. Hulse, Joseph H. Taylor Jr.

30. Premi Nobel Fisica Translate this page 1996, DAVID M. LEE - DOUGLAS D. OSHEROFF - robert C. richardson. 1995, MARTINL. PERL - FREDERICK REINES. 1994, BERTRAM N. BROCKHOUSE - CLIFFORD G. SHULL. http://www.econofisica.com/premi nobel fisica.htm

ANNO PREMIATO ZHORES I. ALFEROV - HERBERT KROEMER JACK ST. CLAIR KILBY GERARDUS 'T HOOFT - MARTINUS J.G. VELTMAN ROBERT B. LAUGHLIN - HORST L. STORMER - DANIEL C. TSUI STEVEN CHU - CLAUDE COHEN TANNOUDJI - WILLIAM D. PHILLIPS DAVID M. LEE - DOUGLAS D. OSHEROFF - ROBERT C. RICHARDSON MARTIN L. PERL - FREDERICK REINES BERTRAM N. BROCKHOUSE - CLIFFORD G. SHULL RUSSEL A. HULSE - JOSERPH H. TAYLOR JR GEORGES CHARPAK PIERRE-GILLES DE GENNES JEROME I. FRIEDMAN - HENRY W. KENDALL - RICHARD E. TAYLOR NORMAN F. RAMSEY - HANS G. DEHMELT - WOLFGANG PAUL LEON M. LEDERMAN - MELVIN SCHWARTZ - JACK STEINBERGER J. GEORG BEDNORZ - K. ALEXANDER MULLER ERNST RUSKA - GERD BINNIG - HEINRICH ROHRER KLAUS VON KLITZING CARLO RUBBIA - SIMON VAN DER MEER SUBRAMANYAN CHANDRASEKHAR - WILLIAM A. FOWLER KENNETH G. WILSON NICOLAAS BLOEMBERGEN - ARTHUR L. SCHAWLOW - KAI M. SIEGBAHN JAMES W. CRONIN - VAL L. FITCH SHELDON L. GLASHOW - ABDUS SALAM - STEVEN WEINBERG

31. Nobel Prizes In Physics nobel Prizes in Physics. for the detection of the neutrino 1996 David M. Lee (USA,*1931) Douglas D. Osheroff (USA, *1945) robert C. richardson (USA, *1937 http://userpage.chemie.fu-berlin.de/diverse/bib/nobel_physik_e.html

Nobel Prizes in Physics Deutsche Version dieser Seite (Information not checked) (Germany, 1845-03-27 - 1923-02-10) Discovery of X rays Hendrik A. Lorentz (Netherlands, 1853-07-18 - 1929-02-04) Pieter Zeeman (Netherlands, 1865-05-25 - 1943-10-09) Henri A. Becquerel (France, 1852-12-15 - 1908-08-25) Marie Curie (France, Poland, 1867-11-07 - 1934-07-04) Pierre Curie (France, 1859-05-15 - 1906-04-19) Discovery of radioactivity Lord Rayleigh (United Kingdom) Philipp E. Lenard (Germany, 1862-06-07 - 1947-05-20) Joseph J. Thomson (United Kingdom, 1856-12-18 - 1940-04-30) Conduction of electricity in gases Albert A. Michelson (USA, 1852-12-19 - 1931-05-09) Measurement of the speed of light G. Lippmann (France) Karl Ferdinand Braun (Germany, 1850-06-06 - 1918-04-20) Guglielmo Marconi (Italy, 1874-04-25 - 1937-07-20) wireless telegraphy Johann D. van der Waals (Netherlands, 1837-11-23 - 1923-03-07) Molecular forces Wilhelm Wien (Germany, 1864-01-13 - 1928-08-30) Heat radiation (Sweden) H. Kamerlingh Onnes (Netherlands) Max von Laue (Germany, 1879-10-09 - 1960-04-24)

32. The Nobel Prize In Physics 1996 University, Stanford, California, USA and Professor robert C. richardson, CornellUniversity på svenska Additional background material on the nobel Prize in http://bobi.ifs.hr/ifs/fizika/nobel96/physics96.html

Kungl. Vetenskapsakademien The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Box 50005, S-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden. Ph: +46 8 673 95 00, fax: +46 8 15 56 70, e-mail: rsas@kansli.kva.se The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the 1996 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly to Professor David M. Lee , Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA, Professor Douglas D. Osheroff , Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA and Professor Robert C. Richardson , Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3. Photographs Additional background material on the Nobel Prize in Physics 1996 A breakthrough in low-temperature physics When the temperature sinks on a cold winter's day water vapour becomes water and water becomes ice. These so-called phase transitions and the changed states of matter can be roughly described and understood with classical physics. What happens when the temperature falls is that the random heat movement in gases, liquids and solid bodies ceases. But the situation becomes entirely different when the temperature sinks further and approaches absolute zero, -273.15°C. In samples of liquid helium what is termed superfluidity occurs, a phenomenon that cannot be understood in terms of classical physics. When a liquid becomes superfluid its atoms suddenly lose all their randomness and move in a coordinated manner in each movement. This causes the liquid to lack all inner friction: It can overflow a cup, flow out through very small holes, and exhibits a whole series of other non-classical effects. Fundamental understanding of the properties of such a liquid requires an advanced form of quantum physics, and these very cold liquids are therefore termed

33. PRESIDENT CLINTON NAMES ANITA K. JONES, PAMELA A. FERGUSON AND ROBERT C. RICHARD Dr. robert C. richardson, of Ithaca, New York, is currently a Professor of Physicsat Cornell University. In 1996, he was awarded the nobel Prize in Physics http://www.nsf.gov/od/lpa/news/media/980903wh_nsb.htm

September 3, 1998 PRESIDENT CLINTON NAMES ANITA K. JONES, PAMELA A. FERGUSON AND ROBERT C. RICHARDSON TO SERVE AS MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL SCIENCE BOARD

34. NSF: National Science Board: Members robert C. richardson was born in Washington, DC, and attended Virginia Polytechnic In1996 richardson, Lee, and Osheroff shared the nobel Prize in http://www.nsf.gov/nsb/members/richardson.htm

Last Updated: 12/19/2002 National Science Board Members Dr. ROBERT C. RICHARDSON PHYSICS B.S., Virginia Polytechnic Institute, 1958 M.S., Virginia Polytechnic Institute, 1960 Ph.D., Duke University, 1966 Robert C. Richardson was born in Washington, D.C., and attended Virginia Polytechnic Institute for his bachelor's and master's degrees. He continued his education at Duke University, where he was awarded the Ph.D. degree in physics in 1966. He joined the Physics Department at Cornell University, became a full professor in 1975, and in 1987 was named the Floyd R. Newman Professor of Physics. He was the director of Cornell's Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics between 1990 and 1996. He currently serves as vice provost for research. Richardson's collaborative research with David M. Lee and Douglas D. Osheroff led in 1971 to the discovery that helium-3, a rare isotope of helium, can be made a superfluid, that is, flow without resistance at temperatures close to absolute zero. This discovery disproved the widely held belief that helium-3 could not reach a superfluid state, and has transformed research in low-temperature physics. The importance of this discovery was recognized in 1976 with the awarding of the Sir Francis Simon Memorial Prize in Low-Temperature Physics by Britain's Institute of Physics, and in 1981 with the Oliver E. Buckley Solid State Physics Prize from the American Physical Society. In 1996 Richardson, Lee, and Osheroff shared the Nobel Prize in Physics.

35. Nobel Prize For Physics nobel Prize for Physics LEE, DAVID M., USA OSHEROFF, DOUGLAS D., USA richardson,robert C., USA, 1996, for their discovery of superfluidity in helium3 . http://www.planet101.com/nobel_physics.htm

Nobel Prize for Physics Name Year The Work Eric A. Cornell USA Wolfgang Ketterle Germany Carl E. Wieman USA "for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates" Zhores I. Alferov, Herbert Kroemer and Jack S. Kilby The researchers' work has laid the foundations of modern information technology, IT, particularly through their invention of rapid transistors, laser diodes, and integrated circuits (chips). Gerardus 't Hooft, Martinus J.G. Veltman, Netherlands "for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics." Robert B. Laughlin, U.S.A Horst L. Störmer, Daniel C. Tsui "for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations." CHU, STEVEN, U.S.A COHEN-TANNOUDJI, CLAUDE, France PHILLIPS, WILLIAM D., U.S.A "for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light" LEE, DAVID M., U.S.A

36. Nobel Prize In Physics Since 1901 richardson, robert C. 1997. Chu, Steven. http://www.planet101.com/nobel_physics_hist.htm

Nobel Prize in Physics since 1901 Year Winners Roentgen, Wilhelm Conrad Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon Zeeman, Pieter Becquerel, Antoine Henri; Curie, Marie; Curie, Pierre Rayleigh, Lord John William Strutt Lenard, Philipp Eduard Anton Thomson, Sir Joseph John Michelson, Albert Abraham Lippmann, Gabriel Braun, Carl Ferdinand Marconi, Guglielmo Van Der Waals, Johannes Diderik Wien, Wilhelm Dalen, Nils Gustaf Kamerlingh-Onnes, Heike Laue, Max Von Bragg, Sir William Henry; Bragg, Sir William Lawrence Barkla, Charles Glover Planck, Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Stark, Johannes Guillaume, Charles Edouard Einstein, Albert Bohr, Niels Millikan, Robert Andrews Siegbahn, Karl Manne Georg Franck, James; Hertz, Gustav Perrin, Jean Baptiste Compton, Arthur Holly; Wilson, Charles Thomson Rees Richardson, Sir Owen Willans De Broglie, Prince Louis-Victor Raman, Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Heisenberg, Werner Dirac, Paul Adrien Maurice; Schroedinger, Erwin Chadwick, Sir James

37. Pictures Gallery Of The Nobel Prize Winners In Physics Translate this page The nobel Prize in Physics. 1998. robert B. Laughlin Horst L. Störmer DanielC. Tsui 1997. 1996. David Lee Douglas Osheroff robert richardson 1995. http://www.th.physik.uni-frankfurt.de/~jr/physpicnobel.html

The Nobel Prize in Physics Robert B. Laughlin Daniel C. Tsui Steven Chu ... Hannes Olof Gosta Alfven Louis Eugene Felix Neel Murray Gell-Mann Luis Walter Alvarez Hans Albrecht Bethe Alfred Kastler Richard Phillips Feynman Julian Seymour Schwinger Sin-Itiro Tomonaga Nikolai Gennadievich Basov Alexander Mikhailovich Prokhorov Charles Hard Townes Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen Maria Goeppert-Mayer ... Sir Edward Victor Appleton Percy Williams Bridgman Wolfgang Ernst Pauli Isidor Isaac Rabi Otto Stern None None None Ernest Orlando Lawrence Enrico Fermi Clinton Joseph Davisson Sir George Paget Thomson ... Sir James Chadwick None Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac Werner Karl Heisenberg None Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman Prince Louis-Victor Pierre Raymond de Broglie Sir Owen Willans Richardson Arthur Holly Compton Charles Thomson Rees Wilson Jean Baptiste Perrin James Franck Gustav Ludwig Hertz Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn Robert Andrews Millikan ... Albert Einstein Charles Eduard Guillaume Johannes Stark Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck Charles Glover Barkla None Sir William Henry Bragg Sir William Lawrence Bragg Max Theodor Felix von Laue Heike Kamerlingh Onnes ... Guglielmo Marconi Gabriel Jonas Lippmann Albert Abraham Michelson Sir Joseph John Thomson Philipp Eduard Anton Lenard John William Strutt (Lord Rayleigh) ... Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen Donated by Christopher Walker, University of Ulster

38. The Nobel Prize For Physics (1901-1996) The following is a complete listing of nobel Prize awards, from the first DavidM. Lee Superfluidity in Helium3 Douglas D. Osheroff robert C. richardson. http://physics.hallym.ac.kr/education/faq/nobel.html

[Physics FAQ] updated 9-OCT-1996 by PEG updated 12-OCT-1994 by SIC original by Scott I. Chase The Nobel Prize for Physics (1901-1996) The following is a complete listing of Nobel Prize awards, from the first award in 1901. Prizes were not awarded in every year. The description following the names is an abbreviation of the official citation.

39. The Nobel Prize For Physics (1901-1996) The following is a complete listing of nobel Prize awards, from the first award 1996,David M. Lee Douglas D. Osheroff robert C. richardson, Superfluidity in http://physics.hallym.ac.kr/education/faq/nobel_html.html

The Nobel Prize for Physics (1901-1996) The following is a complete listing of Nobel Prize awards, from the first award in 1901. Prizes were not awarded in every year. The description following the names is an abbreviation of the official citation. Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen X-rays Hendrik Antoon Lorentz Pieter Zeeman Magnetism in radiation phenomena Antoine Henri Bequerel Pierre Curie Marie Sklodowska-Curie Spontaneous radioactivity Lord Rayleigh (a.k.a. John William Strutt) Density of gases and discovery of argon Pilipp Eduard Anton von Lenard Cathode rays Joseph John Thomson Conduction of electricity by gases Albert Abraham Michelson Precision meteorological investigations Gabriel Lippman Reproducing colors photographically based on the phenomenon of interference Guglielmo Marconi Carl Ferdinand Braun Wireless telegraphy Johannes Diderik van der Waals Equation of state of fluids Wilhelm Wien Laws of radiation of heat Nils Gustaf Dalen Automatic gas flow regulators Heike Kamerlingh Onnes Matter at low temperature Max von Laue Crystal diffraction of X-rays William Henry Bragg William Lawrence Bragg X-ray analysis of crystal structure no award Charles Glover Barkla Characteristic X-ray spectra of elements Max Planck Energy quanta Johannes Stark Splitting of spectral lines in E fields Charles-Edouard Guillaume Anomalies in nickel steel alloys Albert Einstein Photoelectric Effect Niels Bohr Structure of atoms Robert Andrew Millikan Elementary charge of electricity Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn

40. Prêmio Nobel De Física Lista dos ganhadores do Prêmio nobel de Física. Tannoudji, William D. Phillips1996 David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, robert C. richardson 1995 Martin L http://www.ahistoriadafisica.hpg.ig.com.br/nobel.htm

Lista dos ganhadores do Prêmio Nobel de Física 2002 Raymond Davis Jr., Masatoshi Koshiba, Riccardo Giacconi 2001  Eric A. Cornell, Carl E. Wieman, Wolfgang Ketterle 2000 Zhores I Alferov, Herbert Kroemer, Jack S. Kilby 1999 Gerardus 't Hooft, Martinus J.G. Veltman 1998  Robert B. Laughlin, Horst L. Störmer, Daniel C. Tsui 1997 Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, William D. Phillips 1996  David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson 1995  Martin L. Perl, Frederick Reines 1994 Bertram N. Brockhouse, Clifford G. Shull 1993  Russell A. Hulse, Joseph H. Taylor Jr. 1992 Georges Charpak 1991  Pierre-Gilles de Gennes 1990 Jerome I. Friedman, Henry W. Kendall, Richard E. Taylor 1989  Norman F. Ramsey, Hans G. Dehmelt, Wolfgang Paul 1988  Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz, Jack Steinberger 1987  J. Georg Bednorz, K. Alexander Müller 1986 Ernst Ruska, Gerd Binnig, Heinrich Rohrer 1985  Klaus von Klitzing 1984  Carlo Rubbia, Simon van der Meer 1983 Subramanyan Chandrasekhar, William Alfred Fowler 1982 Kenneth G. Wilson

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