41. Scientific American: Nobel Prize In Physics Awarded For Discovery Of Bose-Einste new state of matter—termed the BoseEinstein condensate (BEC)—has earned EricA. Cornell, wolfgang ketterle and Carl. E. Wieman this year's nobel Prize in http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=0003B5EC-DF80-1C63-B882809EC588ED9F

42. Nobel Focus: The Coolest Atoms nobel Prize went to three researchers who were the first to observe and study theBoseEinstein condensate (BEC), a new phase of matter. wolfgang ketterle of http://focus.aps.org/story/v8/st20

Previous Story Next Story July - December 2001 Archive Phys. Rev. Lett. (print issue of 27 November 1995) 12 October 2001 Title and Authors Nobel Focus: The Coolest Atoms /MIT BEC buildup. As atoms condense, they produce a spike in the intensity of laser light transmitted to a CCD camera. This is the signature of Bose-Einstien condensation in a cloud of atoms, whose discoverers won this year?s physics Nobel Prize. This year's physics Nobel Prize went to three researchers who were the first to observe and study the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), a new phase of matter. Wolfgang Ketterle of MIT, one of the Laureates, published his first BEC observation in the 27 November 1995 issue of PRL , just four months after the other two Nobelists published their work in Science . Ketterle's experiment used a laser "plug" to trap the condensate and achieve much higher densities than the other team. Since then, dozens of BEC papers have appeared each one further probing the nature of this strange form of matter. In 1924, Satyendranath Bose and Albert Einstein published a series of papers on the physics of particles with integer spins (bosons). The duo predicted that if a collection of bosonic atoms could be cooled to the point that each one reaches its lowest possible quantum mechanical energy, a BEC would result. In this state, atoms would lose their individual properties and would act collectively as a single entity. A few years after Bose and Eintein's prediction, physicists observed the first hints of BEC behavior. They observed a strange new phase of liquid helium which had no measurable viscosity. Called superfluid helium, the liquid was a few percent BEC, but creating a pure BEC was still decades away. It required technology for creating extremely low temperatures and a material that would not liquify before reaching the BEC phase.

43. A New Form Of Matter Atoms or isotopes of atoms with odd sums can't form BECs. Strange,but true. Right MIT's wolfgang ketterle, 2001 nobel laureate. http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2002/20mar_newmatter.htm

A New Form of Matter Scientists have created a new kind of matter: It comes in waves and bridges the gap between the everyday world of humans and the micro-domain of quantum physics. Listen to this story via streaming audio , a downloadable file , or get help March 20, 2002: It's not often that you get to be around for the birth of a new kind of matter, but when you do, the excitement is tremendous. "To see something which nobody else has seen before is thrilling and deeply satisfying. Those are the moments when you want to be a scientist," says Wolfgang Ketterle, a physicist at MIT and one of the first scientists to create a new kind of matter called Bose-Einstein condensates. Right: Nobel prizing-winning scientists used lasers and magnetic fields to create a new form of matter. [ learn more Bose-Einstein condensates ("BECs" for short) aren't like the solids, liquids and gases that we learned about in school. They are not vaporous, not hard, not fluid. Indeed, there are no ordinary words to describe them because they come from another world the world of quantum mechanics. Sign up for EXPRESS SCIENCE NEWS delivery Quantum mechanics describes the bizarre rules of light and matter on atomic scales. In that realm, matter can be in two places at once; objects behave as both particles

44. Nobel Prizes 2001 and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates Eric A.Cornell USA wolfgang ketterle Germany Carl E. Wieman USA The nobel Prize in http://www.popular-science.net/nobel/nobel2001.html

NOBEL-2001 Read More on the Nobel Prize: Nobel Minds 2001 Awards John Nash Women Nobel Prize ... Prize Amounts MINI ALMANAC Calendar Moon phase Popular Science Highlights: IG Nobel 2002 The invention of :-) West Nile Virus Asteroid Impact? ... Book: Russell Read also: Nobel Prize Women in Science : Their Lives, Struggles, and Momentous Discoveries by Sharon Bertsch McGrayne NOBEL PRIZES 2001 - Summary The Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions" William S. Knowles USA Ryoji Noyori Japan "for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions" K. Barry Sharpless USA The Nobel Prize in Physics "for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates" Eric A. Cornell USA Wolfgang Ketterle Germany Carl E. Wieman USA The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle" Leland H. Hartwell USA R. Timothy (Tim) Hunt Great Britain Sir Paul M. Nurse Great Britain

45. NOBEL PRIZE For Physics 2001 and Technology (NIST), Boulder, Colorado, USA, wolfgang ketterle Massachusetts Institute Thisyear's nobel Laureates have succeeded – they have caused atoms http://www.popular-science.net/nobel/phy-2001.html

46. Premio Nobel 2001 Per La Fisica Translate this page svedese ha deciso di assegnare il Premio nobel 2001 per of Standards and Technology(NIST), Boulder, Colorado, USA, wolfgang ketterle Massachusetts Institute http://www.itemb.se/archive/Nobel/Nobel_Fisica_2001.html

Eric A. Cornell JILA and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, Colorado, USA, Wolfgang Ketterle Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, and Carl E. Wieman JILA and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA, Nuovo stato della materia rivelato: Condensati di Bose-Einstein Eric A. Cornell, 39 years, born 1961 in Palo Alto, California (US citizen). PhD 1990 at MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Cambridge, Massachusetts. Senior scientist at NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology), Professor Adjoint, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado. http://jilawww.colorado.edu/bec/ Wolfgang Ketterle, 43 years, born 1957 in Heidelberg, Germany (German citizen, US resident). PhD 1986 at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching. Professor of Physics at MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Cambridge, Massachusetts.

47. Three OSA Members Win The Nobel Prize In Physics Academy of Sciences has decided to award the nobel Prize in of Standards and Technology(NIST), Boulder, Colorado, wolfgang ketterle Massachusetts Institute of http://www.osa.org/press/news/10.2001/nobel2001.cfm

osa home contact us login site help Jump To... Advertising Info Bookstore Change Address CLEO Online Corp. Directory Corp. Memb. ETOP Online Executive Forum InfoBase Join Online JON Online Jrnl Submissions Manus. Tracking Memb. Directory OFC Conference OPN Online Optics Express OpticsForKids Press Room Renew Memb. WorkInOptics OSA News >> Three OSA Members Win the Nobel Prize in Physics Nobel Prize in Physics for 2001 jointly to three members of the Optical Society of America (OSA). The winners, Eric A. Cornell , JILA and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, Colorado, Wolfgang Ketterle Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Carl E. Wieman In 1924, the Indian physicist Satyendra Bose and Albert Einstein first developed the theoretical model now known as the Bose-Einstein Condensate. Bose initially developed theoretical calculations regarding light particles, and Einstein predicted that if a gas were cooled to a very low temperature all the atoms would congregate in the lowest possible energy state. The process resembles condensation, when drops of liquid form from a gas. According to the Swedish Academy, Cornell, Wieman and Ketterle were the first to successfully create Bose-Einstein condensation 71 years after Bose and Einstein collaborated. Cornell and Wieman produced a pure condensate of about 2,000 rubidium atoms at 20 nK (nanokelvin), or 2 billionth degrees above absolute zero. Independently, Ketterle performed corresponding experiments with sodium atoms. Ketterle also produced a stream of small "BEC drops" which fell under the force of gravity. Scientists consider this a primitive "laser beam" using matter instead of light.

48. BBC News SCI TECH Frozen Matter Wins Nobel Two Americans and a Germanborn scientist share the 2001 nobel Prize in Eric Cornelland Carl Wieman, of the US, and German-born wolfgang ketterle will share http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/in_depth/sci_tech/newsid_1588000/1588594.stm

49. The 2001 Nobel Prize In Medicine wolfgang ketterle, shared the 2001 nobel Prize in Physics for the achievement ofBoseEinstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early http://hkscm.atomcreation.com/hkscm_new/escinews/escinews.htm

Science News The 2001 Nobel Prize in Medicine An American scientist, Prof. Leland H. Hartwell, and two British scientists, Sir Paul M. Nurse and Prof. R. Timothy Hunt, shared the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle and identifications of key molecules that regulate the cell cycle in all eukaryotic organisms, including yeasts, plants, animals and humans beings. All organisms consist of cells that multiply through cell division. In adults there is also an enormous number of continuously dividing cells replacing those dying. Before a cell can divide it has to grow in size, duplicate its chromosomes and separate the chromosomes for exact distribution between the two daughter cells. These different processes are coordinated in the cell cycle. Defects in cell cycle control may lead to the type of chromosome alterations seen in cancer cells. Therefore, the study of cell cycle may open new possibilities for cancer treatment. Prof. Leland H. Hartwell of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, is awarded for his discoveries of a specific class of genes that control the cell cycle. One of these genes called "start" was found to have a central role in controlling the first step of each cell cycle. Hartwell also introduced the concept "checkpoint", a valuable aid to understanding the cell cycle.

50. York University: Media Release Archives Physics nobel laureate wolfgang ketterle visits York University.TORONTO, January 28, 2002 Joint winner of the nobel Prize in http://www.yorku.ca/ycom/release/archive/012802.htm

Physics Nobel laureate Wolfgang Ketterle visits York University TORONTO, January 28, 2002 Joint winner of the Nobel Prize in physics Wolfgang Ketterle will be at York University on Tuesday, Feb. 5, hosted by York's department of physics and astronomy. Ketterle, Eric A. Cornell and Carl E. Wieman were the first scientists to discover a new state of matter called the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), more than 70 years after it was first theorized by Einstein and the Indian physicist Bose. They received the Nobel Prize for 2001. "Their discovery has made it possible to study physics at the quantum level in a very pure way that was not possible before," says York Prof. Roman Koniuk, noting that all advances in modern electronics depend on a precise understanding of quantum mechanical behaviour. Creation of the BEC is expected to lead to improvements in atomic clocks and other precision measuring devices, and to revolutionary advances in nanotechnology where atoms can be manipulated in new ways. Prof. Kumar, a member of the York University quantum optics research group, plans to advance his work in the area of atom trapping using techniques developed in BEC experiments. Scientists have long sought to make matter behave in the same, controlled way as light particles (or photons) in a laser, which all have the same energy and oscillate together. Bose calculated the equations that describe the behaviour of a class of particles, which include photons. Einstein extended the Bose theory to particles with mass, predicting that if a gas of certain atoms were cooled to a very low temperature all the atoms would suddenly gather in the lowest possible energy state and behave collectively.

51. Washington Week: Student Voices The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences named Massachusetts Institute of Technologyphysics pofessor wolfgang ketterle as one of the 2001 nobel Prize laureates http://www.pbs.org/weta/washingtonweek/voices/200110/1015nobelprize.html

MIT Prof Wins Nobel for Work in Physics By Eun J. Lee The Tech (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Ketterle shares this honor with two MIT alumni, Eric A. Cornell PhD '90 and Carl E. Wieman PhD '73. Four other 2001 Nobel prize winners in the categories of Chemistry, Economics, and Medicine also have close affiliation with MIT. "This is testimony to the excellence of students and faculty who are attracted to MIT, and to our dedication to intense work in fields of fundamental importance," said President Charles M. Vest. In their press release, the Swiss Academy recognized Ketterle and the two other winners "for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates." "On behalf of the entire [physics] department, this is an unbelievably exciting occasion," said physics department head and Donner Professor of Physics Marc A. Kastner. Bose-Einstein Condensates (BEC) were first theorized by Albert Einstein and Indian physicist Satyendranath Bose in the late 1920's. Essentially, Einstein predicted that if a gas of certain types of atoms are cooled to a very low temperature, all the atoms will suddenly gather in the lowest possible energy state to form a new state of matter.

52. Quantum Cheese nobel laureate Professor wolfgang ketterle says this phenomenon gives physicistsa tool to test their theories of quantum physics. KopstukLeft. http://www.rnw.nl/science/html/quantum020226.html

Bahasa Indonesia Nederlands English Español Português Stories Quantum Swiss Cheese by Liesbeth de Bakker of our Science Unit, 26 February 2002 Spin a tiny drop of super-cooled matter and you'll see something pretty extraordinary. Instead of keeping a smooth surface, the drop will start looking like a sieve or Swiss cheese. Nobel laureate Professor Wolfgang Ketterle says this phenomenon gives physicists a tool to test their theories of quantum physics. "The Swiss cheese description is now Featured on our programme, Research File. Click to hear the full report. one of my favourites if I want to tell people about my research," says Professor Wolfgang Ketterle of Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Boston. He's still getting used to his ‘celebrity' status since winning the Nobel Prize for Physics in November 2001. He won the award for his exploration of the behaviour of so-called ‘Bose-Einstein condensates' - a new state of matter which is a cloud of millions of super-cooled atoms. One Wave "The difference between a normal gas and a Bose-Einstein condensate is almost the same as the difference we observe between ordinary light and light from a laser beam," says Professor Ketterle. "Ordinary light is emitted in all directions. Laser light is highly directional and it's coherent; it's one single wave. In ordinary gases, atoms flit around chaotically and independently, but Bose-Einstein condensates are like laser light - all the atoms march in lock-step. It's one quantum mechanical wave and this makes a condensate very special."

53. 2001 News Releases - NASA-Funded Physicist Shares Nobel Prize The 2001 nobel Prize for physics has been awarded to three scientists, including TheRoyal Swedish Academy of Sciences said Dr. wolfgang ketterle and two other http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/releases/2001/release_2001_196.html

NEWS RELEASES (2001) 2000 RELEASES 1999 RELEASES ... EMPLOYEE NEWSPAPER 2001 News Releases NASA-Funded Physicist Shares Nobel Prize October 10, 2001 These images show pulses of ultra-cold atoms Full resolution TIFF The 2001 Nobel Prize for physics has been awarded to three scientists, including a Massachusetts Institute of Technology physicist whose NASA-funded research uses ultra-cold atoms that form a new type of matter. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said Dr. Wolfgang Ketterle and two other scientists have caused atoms to "sing in unison." Through their research, atomic particles were induced to have the same energy and to oscillate together in a controlled fashion. Laser light has these qualities, but researchers have struggled for decades to make matter behave this way. The breakthrough research has potential uses for extremely precise measurements. The discoveries may eventually lead to microscopic computers and ultra-precise gyroscopes that could dramatically improve aircraft guidance and spacecraft navigation. The award cites the researchers' achievements and early fundamental studies of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms. Bose-Einstein condensates are a peculiar form of matter predicted 75 years ago by Albert Einstein, based on research by the Indian physicist S.N. Bose.

54. Physics Nobel 2001 wolfgang ketterle of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Carl Wiemanand Eric centre in Boulder, Colorado, have won this year's nobel Prize in http://www.nature.com/nsu/011011/011011-16.html

updated at midnight GMT search nature science update advanced search Physics Nobel 2001 Cool atoms make physics prize matter. 11 October 2001 PHILIP BALL From the News and Features section of the journal Nature Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman, who made the first condensate. Wolfgang Ketterle of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Carl Wieman and Eric Cornell of JILA, an interdisciplinary research centre in Boulder, Colorado, have won this year's Nobel Prize in Physics for their work in making and understanding Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). This new form of matter, a strange state in which a group of atoms behaves as a single particle, was first created in 1995 by Wieman and Cornell by cooling atoms of rubidium to within less than a millionth of a degree of absolute zero. Ketterle's group at MIT managed to make a condensate only months later. The theoretical existence of BECs was first proposed by Albert Einstein in 1924, building on work by the Indian physicist Satyendra Nath Bose. All particles are either bosons or fermions. Quantum theory says that no two fermions can occupy the same quantum state, but that any number of bosons can, in principle, exist in the same state. Einstein predicted that, at very low temperatures, all the particles in a sample of bosons - such as the rubidium atoms used by the JILA team - should fall into the same state and act as a single particle, later termed a BEC. The realization of BECs was long- awaited, and Wieman and Cornell's 1995 paper

55. Terra - Cultura Y Ciencia- Libros - Premios Nobel Translate this page Biografía Por cuarto año consecutivo el Premio nobel ha recaído en un El alemán,wolfgang ketterle, comenzó sus estudios en óptica cuántica en el http://cultura.terra.es/cac/libros/nobel/portada.cfm?idpersona=727&idpremio=554

56. Info Science : Nobel : Les Créateurs Des Atomes Géants Primés Translate this page que les Américains Eric Cornell et Carl Wieman se sont vu décerner le prix Nobelde physique 2001. Un prix partagé avec l'Allemand wolfgang ketterle qui est http://www.infoscience.fr/articles/articles_aff.php3?Ref=721

57. Stanford's Nobel Connection Continues: 10/01 of the pile today.” Eric Cornell shared the prize with wolfgang ketterle, a physics histhesis committee were Arthur L. Schawlow, who won the nobel Prize in http://www.stanford.edu/dept/news/report/news/october10/physics-1010.html

Contact Stanford Report News Service Press Releases Stanford Report, October 10, 2001 Stanford's Nobel connection continues BY DAWN LEVY

58. External Links Biographies Related To FRG History For Links On Chemistry from nobel eMuseum, in English, illustrated, detailed ketterle,wolfgang, 1957-, awarded the 2001 nobel Prize in Physics http://www.zum.de/whkmla/biographies/germany/bioxbrd.html

First posted on December 12th 2002 External Links : Biographies related to FRG History For links on general biographical sources, go to Biographies Main Page Biografien in Netz Biografien, from Chronik der Wende , posted by ARD/ORF, in German World Statesmen : Germany , by Ben Cahoon; scroll down for Federal Republic; not biographies, prime ministers etc. Leaders of Germany (former West Germany), from ZPC ; World Rulers : FRG, by Enno Schulz , illustrated; Rulers : Germany , scroll down for FRG, by B. Schemmel A list of those who died trying to flee East Berlin, from ateo Abgeordnete, 13. Wahlperiode , (Members of Bundestag, 13th legislative period) from Deutscher Bundestag, in German NRW 2000 , in German, 86 illustrated short biographies Printed Reference : Biographies related to GDR History American, British, French Zone of Occupation, 1945-1949 ..... go to narrative history of West Germany Amelunxen, Rudolf , 1888-1969, appointed Prime Minister of Northrhine-Westphalia by the Britisch Occupation Administration in 1946 (-1947) ... from

59. VnExpress - Cong Bo Giai Nobel Vat Ly Th? ba, 9/10/2001, 1810 (GMT+7). Công b? gi?i nobel V?t lý.Nhà V?t lý wolfgang ketterle. Vinh quang trong linh v?c http://vnexpress.net/Vietnam/Khoa-hoc/2001/10/3B9B5378/

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60. La Red De Icarito-Premio Nobel 2001: Fisica Translate this page wolfgang ketterle, (1957) (Instituto de Tecnología de Massachusetts, Estados Unidos). Recibióel premio nobel de Física por la realización, en conjunto con http://icarito.tercera.cl/especiales/nobel_2001/fisica1.htm

Los galardonados Eric A. Cornell Carl E. Wieman Wolfgang Ketterle, (1957) F Desde el descubrimiento de la condensación de gases Bose-Einstein, muchos ejemplos de átomos ultrafríos a temperaturas "nanokelvin" son posibles. Su grupo de trabajo a usado esos ejemplos para realizar diferentes investigaciones. Cornell y Wieman http://www.icarito.cl e-mail: icarito@copesa.cl

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