61. Swarm-semiotics In 1976 the Danish immunologist niels K. jerne did an important observation whenhe pointed out Therefore, as jerne explains in his nobel Price Laureate http://www.molbio.ku.dk/MolBioPages/abk/PersonalPages/Jesper/Swarm.html

Swarm-semiotics A swarm has been defined as a set of (mobile) agents which are liable to communicate directly or indirectly (by acting on their local environment) with each other, and which collectively carry out a distributed problem solving. The body can be understood as a swarm of cells and tissues which, unlike the swarms of bees or ants, stick relatively firmly together. However, the swarm of cells constituting a human body is a very different kind of swarm from that of the social insects. The body swarm is not built on ten thousand nearly identical units such as a bee society. Rather it should be seen as a swarm of swarms, i.e., a huge swarm of more or less overlapping swarms of very different kinds. And the minor swarms again are swarm-entities, so that we get a hierarchy of swarms. At all levels these swarms are engaged in distributed problem solving based on an infinitely complicated web of semetic interaction patterns which in the end can only be explained through reference to the actual history of the body system, evolution. hoffmeyer@mermaid.molbio.ku.dk

62. Niels Translate this page niels K. jerne Um dos laureados com o nobel de Medicina de 1984, juntamente com GeorgeKohler e César Milstein, pelos trabalhos sobre rede idotípica (teoria http://www.ioc.fiocruz.br/jornalismo/Dc/niels.htm

Niels K. Jerne Jerne faleceu em 1994, aos 82 anos.

63. AU: Publikationer 2001 (nat/vidhist) Buhl, H; jerne, D.; WaltherLarsen, H. 13 Sure Winners? nielsen, AK niels Bjerrum1879-1958. Redaktionsarbejde. nielsen, H.; nielsen, K. Nabo til nobel. http://www.au.dk/da/nat/vidhist/publ2001.htm

@import url(/scripts/auie.css); @import url(/scripts/auie55.css); STIKORD SØG HJÆLP IN ENGLISH Publikationsliste Vælg år INFORMATION OM: Aarhus Universitet Nyheder Uddannelse Forskning ... Personer og bygninger Valideret 20.09.2002 Årsberetning PUBLIKATIONSLISTE 2001 Indholdsfortegnelse Instituttets årsberetning forskning forbrug Publikationerne kan søges i Den Danske Forskningsdatabase INSTITUT FOR VIDENSKABSHISTORIE Forskningspublikationer Bidrag i antologier Nabo til Nobel. Historien om tretten danske Nobelpriser Neighbouring Nobel. The History of Thirteen Danish Nobel Prizes Knudsen, O.: O. W. Richardson and the Electron Theory of Matter. In: Histories of the Electron. The Birth of Microphysics . Buchwald, J.Z.; Warwick, A. (Eds.). The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts: pp. 227-253, 2001. Kragh, H.: From geochemistry to cosmochemistry. In: Chemical Sciences in the 20th Century. Bridging Boundaries . Reinhold, C. (Ed.): pp. 160-190, 2001. Kragh, H.: The electron, the protyle, and the unity of matter. In: Histories of the Electron. The Birth of Microphysics . Buchwald, J.; Warwick, A. (Eds.): pp. 195-226, 2001.

64. Behind The Name: Nobel Prize Winners By Category Behind the Name the etymology and history of first names. nobel Prize Winners byCategory. Georges JF Köhler, 1984, Medicine, niels K. jerne, 1984, Medicine, http://www.behindthename.com/namesakes/nobelchro.html

t h e e t y m o l o g y a n d h i s t o r y o f f i r s t n a m e s Nobel Prize Winners by Category Name Years Type Also Known As Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff Chemistry Hermann Emil Fischer Chemistry Svante August Arrhenius Chemistry Sir William Ramsay Chemistry Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer Chemistry Henri Moissan Chemistry Eduard Buchner Chemistry Ernest Rutherford Chemistry Wilhelm Ostwald Chemistry Otto Wallach Chemistry Marie Curie Chemistry Paul Sabatier Chemistry Victor Grignard Chemistry Alfred Werner Chemistry Theodore William Richards Chemistry Chemistry Fritz Haber Chemistry Walther Hermann Nernst Chemistry Frederick Soddy Chemistry Francis William Aston Chemistry Fritz Pregl Chemistry Richard Adolf Zsigmondy Chemistry The Svedberg Chemistry (Theodor) Heinrich Otto Wieland Chemistry Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus Chemistry Arthur Harden Chemistry Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin Chemistry Hans Fischer Chemistry Carl Bosch Chemistry Friedrich Bergius Chemistry Irving Langmuir Chemistry Harold Clayton Urey Chemistry Chemistry Chemistry Petrus Josephus Wilhelmus Debye Chemistry (Peter) Paul Karrer Chemistry Walter Norman Haworth Chemistry Richard Kuhn Chemistry Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt Chemistry Leopold Ruzicka Chemistry George de Hevesy Chemistry Otto Hahn Chemistry Artturi Ilmari Virtanen Chemistry James Batcheller Sumner Chemistry John Howard Northrop Chemistry Wendell Meredith Stanley Chemistry Sir Robert Robinson Chemistry Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius Chemistry William Francis Giauque Chemistry Kurt Alder Chemistry Otto Paul Hermann Diels

65. TUBITAK-GMBAE: 1950-1999 Nobel Odulleri Listesi 19501999 Yillari arasinda fizik, kimya, ekonomi, fizyoloji ve tip alanlarindaNobel ödülü alan bilimadamlari ve niels K. jerne; Georges JF http://www.rigeb.gov.tr/docs/nobel-50_99.html

1950-1999 Yýllarý arasýnda fizik, kimya, ekonomi, fizyoloji ve týp alanlarýnda Nobel ödülü alan bilimadamlarý ve çalýþmalarý Yýl Çalýþma Ödül Sahibi Physics The development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and the discoveries regarding mesons made with this method. Cecil Frank Powell The pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles. "Sir John Douglas Cockcroft; Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton" The development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith. "Felix Bloch; Edward Mills Purcell" Demonstration of the phase contrast method, especially for his invention of the phase contract microscope. Frits (Frederik) Zernike "Fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for the statistical interpretation of the wavefunction; and for the coincidence method and the discoveries made therewith." "Max Born; Walther Bothe" "Discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum; and precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron." "Willis Eugene Lamb; Polykarp Kusch"

66. Kohler, Georges J. F. In 1984 he became a director of the Max Planck Institute of Immune Biology inFreiburg and, with Milstein and niels K. jerne, shared the nobel Prize in http://www.slider.com/enc/29000/Kohler_Georges_J._F..htm

need more stamps? Home Encyclopeadia K Kip - Klo ... Rope Ladders Trellian WebPage Slider Search: The Web Encyclopaedia Shopping Index Help Encyclopaedia Kohler, Georges J. F. Milstein at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, England. There they produced monoclonal antibodies that could fight specific cells. Their technique for antibody production has since been universally adopted, and the antibodies are used in diagnostics and in fighting leukemia. In 1984 he became a director of the Max Planck Institute of Immune Biology in Freiburg and, with Milstein and Niels K. Jerne , shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Add URL Advertise Contact Us Jerne ... Milstein

67. Nobel Prizes (table) nobel Prizes. 1984, Desmond Tutu, R. Bruce Merrifield, Carlo Rubbia Simon van derMeer, Cesar Milstein George JF Köhler niels K. jerne, Jaroslav Seifert. http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0835783.html

Reduce your family medical costs by up to 60% now! Oral health..Save up to 60% on dental care. Easy Medical Diagnosis..stop smoking! All Infoplease All Almanacs General Entertainment Sports Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Infoplease Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... Fact Monster Kids' reference Info:Daily Fun facts Homework Center Newsletter You've got info! Help Site Map Visit related sites from: Family Education Network Encyclopedia Nobel Prizes Year Peace Chemistry Physics Physiology or Medicine Literature J. H. van't Hoff W. C. Roentgen E. A. von Behring R. F. A. Sully-Prudhomme Emil Fischer H. A. Lorentz Pieter Zeeman Sir Ronald Ross Theodor Mommsen Sir William R. Cremer S. A. Arrhenius A. H. Becquerel Pierre Curie Marie S. Curie N. R. Finsen Institute of International Law Sir William Ramsay J. W. S. Rayleigh Ivan P. Pavlov Baroness Bertha von Suttner Adolf von Baeyer Philipp Lenard Robert Koch Henryk Sienkiewicz Theodore Roosevelt Henri Moissan Sir Joseph Thomson E. T. Moneta Louis Renault Eduard Buchner A. A. Michelson C. I. A. Laveran Rudyard Kipling K. P. Arnoldson Fredrik Bajer

68. WFrameCATALOGmenu Krogh 1926, Dr. Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger 1984, Dr. niels K. jerne LITERATURE1902 1928, Sigrid Undset 1944, Johannes Vilhelm Jensen The nobel PEACE PRIZE http://dkmuseum.org/DanishCultureFamous.html

#1. The Danish Monarchy, stretches back almost 1,000 years, to King Gorm the old, the first King of the Danes. The present Queen Margrethe the Second, can trace her ancestry clear back to King Gorm the old and Queen Tyhre. #2. The Danish Flag, a white cross on a blood-red background, is the oldest Flag in the world, first flown at the battle at Riga June 15 in 1219. Today celebrated in Denmark as Valdemars Dag. #3. King Knud the Great, and later his son, ruled most of Scandinavia and Northern Germany to the Elbe River, Normandy in France and most of England, for a hundred years, hence our system of having your day in court and having your case heard by a judge only, traces its roots to the "Dane Law", introduced in England during the reign of the Danes. #4. Space Explorer, Tycho Brache, Astronomer (1546-1601) was a Dane. He and Copernius in Poland were the first to realize that the sun did not rotate around the earth but rather the Earth rotated around its own axis and in turn circled around the sun. #5. Ole Roemer (1644-1710) discovered the "Speed of Light".

69. Pennsylvania Governor's School Of The Sciences - Biology nobel Prizes in Molecular Biology. Year, Winner(s), Discovery. 1984, niels K. jerne, Georges JF Kohler and Cesar Milstein, Theories concerning the specificity in http://stingray.bio.cmu.edu/~web/pgss/career.html

Research Spending in Science Agency % Difference DOD NASA Energy NSF Agriculture Commerce Transportation EPA Other (Values given in millions of $) Career Possibilities in Biology You may find this hard to believe after 4 weeks in my class, but not all biologists determine K I values and look at chime pages. We will discuss career opportunities in biology. Please bring questions. Here are some interesting web sites related to careers in biology: Veterinary Medicine, Patent Law Marine sciences Pharmacology, ... Careers in Biology, and some excellent collections of links: Furman University University of Buffalo Role of computers in the analysis of DNA sequence: Computational Biology at NIH Nobel Prizes in Molecular Biology Year Winner(s) Discovery Peter C. Doherty and Rolf M. Zinkernagel Discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence. Kary B. Mullis and Michael Smith Invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method (Mullis). Fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleiotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies (Smith). Richard J. Roberts and Phillip A. Sharp

70. Premio Nobel De Medicina - Laureados 1901-1999 Prêmio nobel de Medicina Laureados 1901-1999. Physiology or Medicine 1984, -jerne,niels K. -KÖHLER, GEORGES JF -MILSTEIN, CÉSAR, for theories concerning http://roberto.tzo.com/pg/nobelmed.htm

Prêmio Nobel de Medicina - Laureados 1901-1999 www.roberto.tzo.com Prize Laureate Motivation Physiology or Medicine 1901 VON BEHRING, EMIL ADOLF "for his work on serum therapy, especially its application against diphtheria, by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths" Physiology or Medicine 1902 ROSS, Sir RONALD "for his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it" Physiology or Medicine 1903 FINSEN, NIELS RYBERG "in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science" Physiology or Medicine 1904 PAVLOV, IVAN PETROVICH "in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged" Physiology or Medicine 1905 KOCH, ROBERT

71. Jerne, Niels Kai. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 2001. jerne, niels Kai. (n ls k y r´n ) (KEY) , 1911 In 1984, jerne shared the NobelPrize in Physiology or Medicine with César Milstein and Georges Köhler. http://www.bartleby.com/65/je/Jerne-Ni.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Jerne, Niels Kai

72. Nobel Prize In Physiology Or Medicine - Wikipedia See also nobel Prize. Source http//www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/index.html. 1984Niels K. jerne, Georges JF Köhler, César Milstein 1985 Michael S. Brown http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize/Physiology_or_medicine

Main Page Recent changes Edit this page Page history Special pages Set my user preferences My watchlist Recently updated pages Upload image files Image list Registered users Site statistics Random article Orphaned articles Orphaned images Popular articles Most wanted articles Short articles Long articles Newly created articles Interlanguage links All pages by title Blocked IP addresses Maintenance page External book sources Printable version Talk Log in Help Other languages: Deutsch Dansk Nederlands Polski Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Redirected from Nobel Prize/Physiology or medicine Emil Adolf von Behring Ronald Ross Niels Ryberg Finsen ... Christiaan Eijkman , Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins Karl Landsteiner Otto Heinrich Warburg Sir Charles Scott Sherrington Edgar Douglas Adrian Thomas Hunt Morgan George Hoyt Whipple ... Hans Spemann Sir Henry Hallett Dale Otto Loewi Albert von Szent-Györgyi Nagyrapolt Corneille Jean François Heymans ... Herbert Spencer Gasser Sir Alexander Fleming Ernst Boris Chain , Sir Howard Walter Florey Hermann Joseph Muller Carl Ferdinand Cori Gerty Theresa , née Radnitz Cori, Bernardo Alberto Houssay Paul Hermann Müller Walter Rudolf Hess Antonio Caetano De Abreu Freire Egas Moniz ... Dickinson W. Richards

73. Nobel Prize In Physiology Or Medicine - Wikipedia From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. See also nobel Prize. Source http//www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/index.html. 1984Niels K. jerne, Georges JF Köhler http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine

Main Page Recent changes Edit this page Page history Special pages Set my user preferences My watchlist Recently updated pages Upload image files Image list Registered users Site statistics Random article Orphaned articles Orphaned images Popular articles Most wanted articles Short articles Long articles Newly created articles Interlanguage links All pages by title Blocked IP addresses Maintenance page External book sources Printable version Talk Log in Help Other languages: Deutsch Dansk Nederlands Polski Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Emil Adolf von Behring Ronald Ross Niels Ryberg Finsen Ivan Petrovich Pavlov ... Christiaan Eijkman , Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins Karl Landsteiner Otto Heinrich Warburg Sir Charles Scott Sherrington Edgar Douglas Adrian Thomas Hunt Morgan George Hoyt Whipple ... Hans Spemann Sir Henry Hallett Dale Otto Loewi Albert von Szent-Györgyi Nagyrapolt Corneille Jean François Heymans ... Herbert Spencer Gasser Sir Alexander Fleming Ernst Boris Chain , Sir Howard Walter Florey Hermann Joseph Muller Carl Ferdinand Cori Gerty Theresa , née Radnitz Cori, Bernardo Alberto Houssay Paul Hermann Müller Walter Rudolf Hess Antonio Caetano De Abreu Freire Egas Moniz ... Dickinson W. Richards

74. Thomas Söderqvist Read it here. A nobel prize is no guarantee against the anxiety of being forgottenNiels K. jerne, the 'king of theorists' in modern immunology , pp. http://www.pubhealth.ku.dk/amh/staff/mhthso-e.htm

Title Professor, fil.dr., dr.phil Office Museum of Medical History Address Bredgade 62, DK-1260 Copenhagen K Phone (w): +45 35 32 38 15 (h): +45 36 45 20 86 Fax Email T.Soderqvist@pubhealth.ku.dk Office hours Mondays, or after appointment by phone or email. Job functions Chairman of the department Professor (on leave: September 1999 through August 2002:Research Professor in Science Studies) Research • The history of scientific and medical biography • Theoretical and methodological problems in the historiography of the contemporary history of science, technology and medicine • Scientific biographies as moral exemplars • Virtue ethics and medical ethics • The history of immunology Selected publications Books Om biologi: en introduktionsbog, Copenhagen: Reitzel, 1979 (with P. Agger, G. Mathiasen and J. Haraldsdottir). View the coverpage here View the coverpage here Hvilken kamp for at undslippe? En biografi over immunologen og nobelpristageren Niels K. Jerne. Copenhagen: Borgen, 1998. View the coverpage here What Struggle to Escape: the Life and Work of Niels K. Jerne. New Haven: Yale University Press (in press 2003).

75. Thomas Söderqvist Læs den her. A nobel prize is no guarantee against the anxiety of being forgottenNiels K. jerne, the 'king of theorists' in modern immunology , pp. http://www.pubhealth.ku.dk/amh/staff/mhthso.htm

Stilling Professor, fil.dr., dr.phil Lokale Afdeling for Medicinhistorie Adresse Telefon Fax Email T.Soderqvist@pubhealth.ku.dk Mandage, eller efter telefonisk/email-aftale Afdelingsleder for Afdeling for Medicinhistorie—Medicinsk-Historisk Museum Forskning • Forskerbiografiens, herunder den medicinske forskerbiografis, historie • Teoretiske og metodologiske problemer i nutidsmedicinhistorien • Forskerbiografier som ‘moral exemplars’ • Dydsetik og medicinsk forskningsetik • Immunologiens historie Udvalgte publikationer Books Om biologi: en introduktionsbog, Copenhagen: Reitzel, 1979 (with P. Agger, G. Mathiasen and J. Haraldsdottir). Se forsiden her Se forsiden her Hvilken kamp for at undslippe? En biografi over immunologen og nobelpristageren Niels K. Jerne. Copenhagen: Borgen, 1998. Se forsiden her What Struggle to Escape: the Life and Work of Niels K. Jerne. New Haven: Yale University Press (in press 2003). Editions Se forsiden her Intellectuals, Universities and the State in Western Modern Societies. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1987 (ed. with R. Eyerman and L. Svensson). Se forsiden her The Historiography of Contemporary Science and Technology. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1997.

76. GK- National Network Of Education MacDiarmid, Alan G. 2000. Sharpless, K. Barry, 2001. Noyori, Ryoji, 2001. Ross,Sir Ronald, 1902. Finsen, niels Ryberg, 1903. Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich, 1904. http://www.indiaeducation.info/infomine/nobel/nobelarchive.htm

Associated Agencies Booker Prize Winners International Awards World Nations: Famous Industrial Town ... Nobel Prize Winners Nobel Prize Winners Chemistry Literature Medicine Peace ... Economics Chemistry Hoff, Jacobus Henricus Van't Fischer, Hermann Emil Arrhenius, Svante August Ramsay, Sir William Baeyer, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf Von Moissan, Henri Buchner, Eduard Rutherford, Lord Ernest Ostwald, Wilhelm Wallach, Otto Curie, Marie Sabatier, Paul Grignard, Victor Werner, Alfred Richards, Theodore William

77. Arrangement I Den Sorte Diamant Livet som udgangspunkt for værket — niels K. jerne og Nobelprisen i medicin AfThomas Söderqvist I 1984 fik den lægen niels K. jerne Nobelprisen i medicin http://www.kb.dk/kultur/diamant/arrangementer/arrangementer/011024.htm

Arrangement i Blixen, Den Sorte Diamant Onsdag d. 24. oktober 2001 kl. 19 Nobelforedrag af Thomas Söderqvist Livet som udgangspunkt for værket — Niels K. Jerne og Nobelprisen i medicin Af Thomas Söderqvist I 1984 fik den lægen Niels K. Jerne Nobelprisen i medicin for sine teorier om immunsystemets funktion. Med udgangspunkt i min biografi Hvilken kamp for at undslippe (Borgen, 1998) vil jeg fortælle om Jernes lange vej til Nobelprisen — om hans opvækst i England og Holland, om hans medicinstudier i København i 1940erne, om hans forskningsarbejde ved Statens Seruminstitut i 1950erne, om hans epokegørende teorier om hvordan antistoffer bliver dannet, og om hans videre internationale karriere. Jerne er en interessant medicinsk Nobelpristager af flere grunde. Han var en “Spätzünder” (dvs., en som kommer sent i gang). Han begyndte for alvor at læse medicin, da han var 28 år gammel, og forskningsarbejdet tog han først hul på, da han var i midten af trediverne. Desuden var Jerne ikke nogen særligt produktiv forsker; efter dagens målestok ville hans publikationsliste knap nok have givet ham en fast stilling ved universitetet. Dertil kommer, at han var en intuitiv teoretiker, som foretrak at sidde på en vinstue, og tænke store tanker i stedet for at lave forsøg i laboratoriet. Det mest interessant med Jerne er nok, at han er et meget godt eksempel på, at der også i naturvidenskaberne findes en sammenhæng mellem livet og værket. Det ses tit at forfatteres og billedkunstneres værk fortolkes biografisk — som et udtryk for begivenheder i det personlige liv. Men når det gælder videnskabelige forskere, kan det være sværere at give en biografisk udlægning af værket. En grund hertil kan være, at videnskabshistorikere ofte mangler det fornødne kildemateriale.

78. Arrangement I Den Sorte Diamant Arrangement i Den Sorte Diamant. 29. august 2001 17. januar 2002.niels K. jerne Nobelprisen i fysiologi/medicin 1984. niels Kaj http://www.kb.dk/kultur/diamant/arrangementer/udstillinger/13rigtige/Nobel_Niels

Arrangement i Den Sorte Diamant 29. august 2001 - 17. januar 2002 Niels K. Jerne Nobelprisen i fysiologi/medicin 1984 Niels Kaj Jerne (1911-1994) Læge, immunolog Modtog i 1984 nobelprisen i fysiologi/medicin for sine teorier om immunsystemets funktion. Niels Jernes liv fik et både kosmopolitisk og turbulent præg. Han blev født i London af danske forældre. Senere flyttede familien til Holland, hvor Jerne efter sin studentereksamen studerede fysik og kemi uden større succes. I 1934 tog han til København for i stedet at studere medicin. Uden at have afsluttet sine studier blev Jerne i 1943 forskningsassistent på Statens Seruminstitut ved lidt af et tilfælde. Her blev han introduceret til immunologien og arbejdede bl.a. med statistisk analyse af eksperimentelle data. Efter nogle år afsluttede han sine lægestudier, men fortsatte forskningen på Seruminstituttet, hvilket i 1951 førte til en disputats om antistofproduktion. Fra 1956 var Jerne cheflæge i WHO i Geneve efterfulgt af ansættelse ved forskellige universiteter. I 1969 deltog han i oprettelsen af Det immunologiske Institut i Basel og var dets leder indtil 1980. Herefter slog han sig ned i Frankrig.

79. Laureatii Premiilor Nobel 1983, Barbara McClintock, Statele Unite ale Americii. 1984, niels K. JerneGeorges JF Köhler César Milstein, Danemarca Germania Marea Britanie. http://www.rotravel.com/medicine/nobel/r_laur.htm

ANUL NUMELE LAUREATULUI ÞARA Emil Adolf von Behring Germania Sir Ronald Ross Marea Britanie Niels Ryberg Finsen Danemarca Ivan Petrovici Pavlov Rusia Robert Koch Germania Camillo Golgi Santiago Ramon y Cajal Italia Spania Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran Franþa Paul Ehrlich Ilia Ilici Mecinikov Germania Rusia Emil Theodor Kocher Elveþia Albrecht Kossel Germania Allvar Gulistrand Suedia Alexis Carrel Statele Unite ale Americii Charles Robert Richet Franþa Robert Báráni Ungaria - Austria neacordat neacordat neacordat neacordat Jules Jean Baptiste Vincent Bordet Belgia Schack August Steenberg Krogh Danemarca neacordat Sir Archibald Vician Hill Otto Fritz Meyerhof Marea Britanie Germania Sir Frederick Grant Banting John James Richard MacLeod Canada Canada Willem Einthaven Olanda neacordat Johannes Andreas Grib Fibinger Danemarca Julius Wagner - Jauregg Austria Charles Jules Henri Nicolle Franþa Christiaen Eijkman Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins Olanda Marea Britanie Karl Landsteiner Austria Otto Heinrich Warburg Germania Sir Charles Scott Sherrington Lord Edgar Douglas Adrian Marea Britanie Marea Britanie Thomas Hunt Morgan Statele Unite ale Americii George Hoyt Whipple George Richards Minot

80. The Laureates Of The Nobel Prize For Medicine And Physiology 1983, Barbara McClintock, United States of America. 1984, niels K. JerneGeorges JF Köhler César Milstein, Denmark Germany Great Britain. http://www.rotravel.com/medicine/nobel/e_laur.htm

YEAR LAUREATE'S NAME COUNTRY Emil Adolf von Behring Germany Sir Ronald Ross Great Britain Niels Ryberg Finsen Denmark Ivan Petrovici Pavlov Russia Robert Koch Germany Camillo Golgi Santiago Ramon y Cajal Italy Spain Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran France Paul Ehrlich Ilia Ilici Mecinikov Germany Russia Emil Theodor Kocher Switzerland Albrecht Kossel Germany Allvar Gulistrand Sweden Alexis Carrel United States of America Charles Robert Richet France Robert Báráni Hungary - Austria no prize awarded no prize awarded no prize awarded no prize awarded Jules Jean Baptiste Vincent Bordet Belgium Schack August Steenberg Krogh Denmark no prize awarded Sir Archibald Vician Hill Otto Fritz Meyerhof Great Britain Germany Sir Frederick Grant Banting John James Richard MacLeod Canada Canada Willem Einthaven Holland no prize awarded Johannes Andreas Grib Fibinger Denmark Julius Wagner - Jauregg Austria Charles Jules Henri Nicolle France Christiaen Eijkman Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins Holland Great Britain Karl Landsteiner Austria Otto Heinrich Warburg Germany Sir Charles Scott Sherrington Lord Edgar Douglas Adrian Great Britain Great Britain Thomas Hunt Morgan

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