41. Nuclear Shells The 1963 nobel Laureate in Physics is awarded to maria goeppertmayer and JohannesHans Daniel Jensen for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure. http://www.chemsoc.org/timeline/pages/1963_nshell.html

Nuclear Shell Structure The 1963 Nobel Laureate in Physics is awarded to Maria Goeppert-Mayer and Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure. Since 1948, Maria Goeppert-Mayer had worked on nuclear shell structure and the meaning of the "magic numbers" - those nuclei that have a special number of protons. She postulated these numbers to be the shell numbers of a shell model, a "nuclear counterpart to the closed shells of electrons" at the atomic level. This timeline entry suggestion courtesy of Fiona Watson, Glasgow, Scotland. Further info : Science in Poland - Maria Goeppert-Mayer http://hum.amu.edu.pl/~zbzw/ph/sci/mgm.htm

42. Index/Contents Of : Early Ideas In The History Of Quantum Chemistry. goeppertmayer, maria, 1906-1972, Links to the nobel e-Museum biography.30 KByte. M. goeppert-mayer and AL Sklar Calculations of http://www.quantum-chemistry-history.com/Ueberb1.htm

The survey of this website How to find something Contents Quantum Theory Founders QC Theoreticians More QC Theoreticians Early (Heavy) Users Please note: Some texts are presently still in German, but - more Some QC and Similar Links QC people, alphabetically of this website and elsewhere Quantum Theory Founders Bohr, Niels H. D. Links to the Nobel e-Museum biography 30 KByte Model of the electrons around an atom. Dirac, Paul Adrian Maurice Links to the Nobel e-Museum biography 40 KByte Links to another extended Dirac biography. st generation, eminent pure theoretician: ".. we now can calculate all of chemistry .." Fourier, Jean-Joseph Biography, in German 50 KByte Fourier Method - sin, cos and all that. Hamilton, Sir William Rowland Links to a good biography 100 KByte "Hamiltonian" (operator).

43. (Type A Title For Your Page Here) List of nobel Laureates. Murrary GellMann, Physics, 1969 maria goeppert-mayer,Physics, 1963, with J. Hans D. Jensen and Eugene P. Wigner. http://www.realuofc.org/history/nobel.html

List of Nobel Laureates INCLUDES LAUREATES THROUGH 1997 (TOTAL - 69) ALPHABETICAL LISTING Luis W. Alvarez, Physics, 1968 Kenneth J. Arrow, Economic Sciences, 1972, with Sir John R. Hicks Georije Wells Beadle, Physiology or Medicine, 1958, with Edward Lawrie Tatum and Joshua Lederberg Gary S. Becker, Economics, 1992 Saul Bellow, Literature, 1976 Hans Albrecht Bethe, Physics, 1967 Konrad Bloch, Physiology or Medicine, 1964, with Feodor Lynen Herbert C. Brown, Chemistry, 1979, with Georg Wittig James McGill Buchanan, Economic Sciences, 1986 Alexis Carrel, M.D., Physiology or Medicine, 1912 Owen Chamberlain, Physics, 1959, with Emilio Gino Segre Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Physics, 1983, with William Fowler Ronald H. Coase, Economic Sciences, 1991 Arthur Holly Compton, Physics, 1927, with Charles Thomson Rees Wilson James W. Cronin, Physics, 1980, with Val L. Fitch Paul Crutzen, Chemistry, 1995, with F. Sherwood Rowland and Mario Molina Clinton Josah Davisson, Physics, 1937, with Sir George Paget Thomson Gerard Debreu, Economics Sciences, 1983

44. MARIA GOEPPERT MAYER WHEN IN 1963 she received the nobel Prize in Physics,maria Goeppert Mayer was thesecond woman in history to win that prize—the first being Marie Curie, who http://www.physics.ucla.edu/~moszkows/mgm/rgsmgm4.htm

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES MARIA GOEPPERT MAYER A Biographical Memoir by ROBERT G. SACHS REPRINTED FROM Biographical Memoirs VOLUME 50 PUBLISHED 1979 BY THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES, WASHINGTON, D.C. This biography was originally written by Robert G. Sachs for the Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences and appeared in Volume 50 of the series. It is reproduced here, for the World Wide Web, with the permission of the National Academy of Sciences and Robert G. Sachs Steven A. Moszkowski, December 18, 1996 MARIA GOEPPERT MAYER June 28,1906-February 20,1972 BY ROBERT G. SACHS WHEN IN 1963 she received the Nobel Prize in Physics,Maria Goeppert Mayer was the second woman in history to win that prize—the first being Marie Curie, who had received it sixty years earlier—and she was the third woman in history to receive the Nobel Prize in a science category. This accomplishment had its beginnings in her early exposure to an intense atmosphere of science, both at home and in the surrounding university community, a community providing her with the opportunity to follow her inclinations and to develop her remarkable talents under the guidance of the great teachers and scholars of mathematics and physics. Throughout her full and gracious life, her science continued to be the theme about which her activities were centered, and it culminated in her major contribution to the understanding of the structure of the atomic nucleus, the spin-orbit coupling shell model of nuclei.

45. Maria Goeppert Mayer While working atArgonne National Laboratory in 1948, physicist maria Goeppert Mayerdeveloped the For this work, she shared the 1963 nobel Prize in physics. http://www.anl.gov/OPA/news96arch/news961213.html

This page has been accessed 1398 times since DEC. 13, 1996. Argonne at 50 Argonne's Nobel laureate is role model for women scientists ARGONNE, Ill. (Dec. 13, 1996) While working at Argonne National Laboratory in 1948, physicist Maria Goeppert Mayer developed the explanation of how neutrons and protons within atomic nuclei are structured. Called the "nucelar shell model," her work explains why the nuclei of some atoms are more stable than others and why some elements have many different atomic forms, called "isotopes," while others do not. For this work, she shared the 1963 Nobel Prize in physics. A plaque at the entrance of Argonne's Physics Building honors Argonne physicist Maria Goeppert Mayer. Goeppert Mayer was only the second woman to receive the Nobel Prize in physics, following Marie Curie, and only the fourth American woman to win a Nobel Prize. An associate of Enrico Fermi, Goeppert Mayer took over his courses and worked on separating uranium isotopes as part of the Manhattan Project when Fermi left Columbia University to direct the University of Chicago's Metallurgical Laboratory, the project that created the world's first controlled nuclear chain reaction. Goeppert Mayer and her husband followed Fermi to Chicago in 1945. One of Goeppert Mayer's former students, Robert Sachs, hired her at Argonne at what he called "a nice consulting salary." Sachs would later become Argonne's director.

46. Mayer, Maria Goeppert maria Goeppert Mayer. 20, 1972, San Diego, Calif., US), German physicist who sharedonehalf of the 1963 nobel Prize for Physics with J. Hans D. Jensen of West http://www.britannica.com/nobel/micro/382_99.html

Mayer, Maria Goeppert Maria Goeppert Mayer The Granger Collection, New York City (b. June 28, 1906, Kattowitz, Ger.d. Feb. 20, 1972, San Diego, Calif., U.S.), German physicist who shared one-half of the 1963 Nobel Prize for Physics with J. Hans D. Jensen of West Germany for their proposal of the shell nuclear model . (The other half of the prize was awarded to Eugene P. Wigner of the United States for unrelated work.) The great stability and abundance of nuclei that have a particular number of neutrons (such as 50, 82, or 126) and the same special number of protons was explained by Mayer in 1949 in terms of the shell nuclear model. This model explained the detailed properties of atomic nuclei in terms of a structure of shells occupied by the protons and neutrons. She and Jensen jointly wrote Elementary Theory of Nuclear Shell Structure

47. AIM - Resources On The Internet - General Reference & Multidisciplinary - Maria She was the second American woman to win a nobel Prize and the first to win in physics.maria Goeppert Mayer died on February 20, 1972. Top of PageTop of Page. http://www.ipd.anl.gov/library/internet/mgm.html

Privacy and Security Notice Top Maria Goeppert Mayer Maria Goeppert Mayer (1906 - 1972) Publications By And About Maria Goeppert-Mayer Links to Related Information Maria Goeppert Mayer (1906 - 1972) Maria Goeppert Mayer was born June 28, 1906, Katowice in 1924 to study mathematics and received her doctorate in theoretical physics in 1930, under the tutelage of Max Born . After her marriage in 1930, Mayer left Germany for Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, where her husband, Joseph E. Mayer , taught in the chemistry department and she received an assistantship in the physics department. During most of her career, nepotism rules at universities where her husband worked prevented Mayer from holding full-time positions. After a move to New York, Mayer landed her first paid position in 1941, a half-time teaching post at Sarah Lawrence College . During World War II, she worked with Harold Urey on separating U-235 from natural uranium. In 1946, the Mayers moved to Chicago, where Maria worked as an unsalaried associate professor of physics at the Institute for Nuclear Studies at the University of Chicago . She became a consultant to the Metallurgical Laboratory and then a senior physicist at the newly formed Argonne National Laboratory At Argonne, Mayer's interests turned to nuclear physics, and

48. German American Corner: GOEPPERT-MAYER, Maria (1906-72) goeppertmayer, maria (1906-72), German-American physicist and Nobellaureate, best known for her study of nuclear structure. Goeppert http://www.germanheritage.com/biographies/atol/goeppert-mayer.html

Visit the German Corner Home Page German Corner Website German-American Mall Contact ... Next Page GOEPPERT-MAYER, Maria (1906-72) , German-American physicist and Nobel laureate, best known for her study of nuclear structure. Goeppert-Mayer was born in Poland and educated at the University of Göttingen. In 1931 she married the American physicist Joseph E. Mayer (1904-83) and went with him to the U. S., becoming a U.S. citizen in 1933. She taught at several institutions before joining (1960) the faculty of the University of California at San Diego. She shared the 1963 Nobel Prize in physics and was cited by the Nobel committee for her independent work in the late 1940s, in which she demonstrated that the atomic nucleus has a structure containing successive proton-neutron shells held together by complex forces. Privacy Statement Home Biographies On-Line Books ... Links Davitt Publications. For more information contact history@germanheritage.com

49. Maria Goeppert Mayer Papers : Container List 9, 15, Photographs nobel Prize Ceremony, 1963. 9, 16, Photographs - Graduatestudents at UCSD, 1960 - 1964. 9, 26, About maria Goeppert Mayer, 1933 - 1956. http://orpheus.ucsd.edu/speccoll/testing/html/mss0020f.html

Container List for Maria Goeppert Mayer Papers Part 1: ACCESSION PROCESSED IN 1988 SERIES 1: CORRESPONDENCE Series 1A: General Correspondence Box Folder General Correspondence, 1933 - 1934. General Correspondence, 1935. General Correspondence, 1936. General Correspondence, 1937. General Correspondence, 1938. General Correspondence, 1939. General Correspondence, 1940. General Correspondence, 1941. General Correspondence, 1942. General Correspondence, 1943. General Correspondence, 1944. General Correspondence, 1945. General Correspondence, 1946. General Correspondence, 1947. General Correspondence, 1948. General Correspondence, 1949. General Correspondence, 1950. General Correspondence, 1951. General Correspondence, 1952. General Correspondence, 1953. General Correspondence, 1954. General Correspondence, 1955. General Correspondence, 1956. General Correspondence, 1957. General Correspondence, 1958. General Correspondence, 1959. General Correspondence, 1960. General Correspondence, 1961. General Correspondence, 1962. General Correspondence, 1963. General Correspondence, 1963.

50. Maria Goeppert Mayer Papers: Background In 1963, maria Mayer was awarded the nobel Prize jointly with Hans Jensen for theirwork on the Shell Model. maria Goeppert Mayer came to the University of http://orpheus.ucsd.edu/speccoll/testing/html/mss0020d.html

Maria Goeppert Mayer Papers Background Maria Goeppert Mayer was born on June 28, 1906 in Kattowitz, Germany, to Friedrich and Maria (nee Wolff) Goeppert. In 1910 she moved with her parents to Gottingen where her father taught pediatrics at the University. She enrolled at the University at Gottingen in the spring of 1924 with the expectation of pursuing a career in mathematics, but soon became attracted to physics and the developing field of quantum mechanics. In 1930 Mayer took her doctorate in theoretical physics under the direction of Nobel prize winners Max Born, James Franck, and Adolf Windaus. While completing her studies at Gottingen she met and married Joseph Edward Mayer, an American post-doctoral fellow working in physical chemistry under James Franck. Together they moved to Baltimore, Maryland where Joseph taught at the Johns Hopkins University. In 1939 they went to Columbia University. There Maria worked under the direction of Harold Urey at the S.A.M. (Strategic Alloy Metals) Laboratory which researched the separation of isotopes of uranium. She co-authored a text entitled STATISTICAL MECHANICS (1940) with her husband. After the war she took a professorship of physics at the Institute for Nuclear Studies, University of Chicago. During this period Mayer began a long correspondence with Edward Teller. In 1948, Mayer began work on nuclear shell structure and the meaning of the "magic numbers"- those nuclei that have a special number of protons. She postulated these numbers to be the shell numbers of a shell model, a "nuclear counterpart to the closed shells of electrons" at the atomic level. In 1950 she met and began a collaboration with Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen which led to the publication of the book entitled ELEMENTARY THEORY OF NUCLEAR SHELL THEORY (1955). In 1963, Maria Mayer was awarded the Nobel Prize jointly with Hans Jensen for their work on the Shell Model.

51. Maria Goeppert Mayer the 2nd women in the US to receive a nobel Prize and the first in Physics. The AmericanPhysical Society annually awards The maria Goeppert Mayer Award to a http://www.physics.unl.edu/~fulcrum/women/mmayer.htm

Maria Goeppert Mayer Photo courtesy of http://www.geocities.com/Wellesley/Atrium/6957/ First Woman to Win Nobel Prize for Theoretical Physics Born June 28, 1906, in Kattowitz, Germany (now Poland). Only child of Friedrich Goeppert, a professor, and Maria Wolff, a school teacher. In 1910 moved to Gottingen, Germany, and attended a public elementary school there. In 1921 attended Frauenstudium, a private girls school which prepared them for Gottingen University. 1924 entered Gottingen University as a math major, but changed to physics in 1927. In 1930 she received her Ph.D. in physics. There she met Joseph Mayer, an American student at the university, married in 1930, and moved to United States. University Involvement and Careers Both Maria and Joe worked at John Hopkins University in Baltimore, but Maria had to work as a voluntary associate. 1939 Joe became associate professor of Chemistry at Columbia and again, Maria was a voluntary lecturer.

52. Biographies - Maria Goeppert Mayer electrons. For this, maria Mayer was awarded the 1963 nobel Prize.maria Goeppert Mayer died on February 20, 1972. Did you know? http://grotto.virtualave.net/bios/goeppert.html

Maria Goeppert Mayer Biography Maria Goeppert was born on June 28, 1906 in Silesia, Germany. She later moved to Goettingen where she would meet her future husband, Joseph Mayer. They would later marry and move to the United States in 1939. They both worked at Columbia University where they were aquainted with Enrico Fermi. Consequently, the Mayers would work at the University of Chicago where Fermi went which resulted in Maria's discovery of the nuclear shell theory. This was the theory that the protons and neutrons that resided in the nucleus are arranged in shells similar to electrons. For this, Maria Mayer was awarded the 1963 Nobel Prize. Maria Goeppert Mayer died on February 20, 1972. Did you know? that Maria Mayer shared the 1963 Nobel Prize with Hans Jensen and Eugene Wigner. For more information on Maria Goeppert Mayer go to this homepage The Grotto Presents Main Bohr Chadwick I. Curie ... Links Mayer Meitner Mendelejev Rutherford Thomson

53. Women Nobel Prize Winners She won the nobel Prize for discovering the enzymes that convert glycogen intosugar and back again to glycogen. Barbara McClintock. maria Goeppert Mayer. http://www.infoplease.com/cgi-bin/id/A0801697.html

Almanac People Women of Influence Women Nobel Prize Winners See Nobel Prizes at Infoplease.com for the full list of winners. Women Nobel Prize Winners for Literature See Nobel Prizes for Literature at Infoplease.com for the full list of winners. Selma Lagerof of Sweden Grazia Deledda of Italy Sigrid Undset of Norway Pearl Buck of the U.S. Gabriela Mistral of Chile Nelly Sachs of Sweden Nadine Gordimer of South Africa Toni Morrison of the U.S. Archive Photos Wislawa Szymborska of Poland Women Nobel Peace Prize Winners See Nobel Prizes for Peace at Infoplease.com for the full list of winners. Bertha von Suttner (Austria) Jane Addams (U.S.) Emily G. Balch and John R. Mott (U.S.) Mairead Corrigan and Betty Williams (both Northern Ireland) Mother Teresa of Calcutta (India) Archive Photos Alva Myrdal (Sweden) Daw Aung San Suu Kyi (Burma) (Guatemala) International Campaign to Ban Landmines and Jody Williams (U.S.) Women Nobel Prize Winners in Science Marie Sklodowska Curie AIP Niels Bohr Library (Physics, 1903 and Chemistry, 1911) Marie Curie Irene Curie (Chemistry, 1935)

54. Nat'l Academies Press, Biographical Memoirs (1979), Maria Goeppert Mayer 311 maria GOEPPERT MAYER June 2S, 1906February 20,1972 BY ROBERT G. SACHS WHENIN 1963 she received the nobel Prize in Physics, maria Goeppert Mayer was the http://www.nap.edu/books/0309025494/html/310.html

Biographical Memoirs V.50 National Academy of Sciences ( NAS Related Books CHAPTER SELECTOR: Openbook Linked Table of Contents Front Matter, pp. i-iv Table of Contents, pp. v-vi Preface, pp. vii-viii Title Page, pp. 1-1 Detlev Wulf Bronk, pp. 2-87 Vannevar Bush, pp. 88-117 Rufus Cole, pp. 118-139 Wallace Osgood Fenn, pp. 140-173 Paul Darwin Foote, pp. 174-195 William Zev Hassid, pp. 196-231 Frank Lappin Horsfall, Jr., pp. 232-267 Otto Laporte, pp. 268-285 Maria Goeppert Mayer, pp. 310-329 Arnold Rice Rich, pp. 330-351 Richard Edwin Shope, pp. 352-375 William Hammond Wright, pp. 376-396 Acknowledgments for the Photographs, pp. 397-398 GO TO PAGE: TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE PRINTABLE PDF IMAGE CHAPTER PAGE PURCHASE OPTIONS HARDBACK You may want to explore these Related Books CHAPTER SELECTOR: Openbook Linked Table of Contents Front Matter, pp. i-iv Table of Contents, pp. v-vi Preface, pp. vii-viii Title Page, pp. 1-1 Detlev Wulf Bronk, pp. 2-87 Vannevar Bush, pp. 88-117 Rufus Cole, pp. 118-139 Wallace Osgood Fenn, pp. 140-173 Paul Darwin Foote, pp. 174-195 William Zev Hassid, pp. 196-231

55. Nat'l Academies Press, Nobel Prize Women In Science: (2001), 8 Maria Goeppert Ma nobel prize women, maria goeppert mayer, nobel prize winners, nobel prize, mariamayer, goeppert mayer, prize women, quantum mechanics, maria goeppert, max http://www.nap.edu/books/0309072700/html/175.html

Nobel Prize Women in Science: Their Lives, Struggles, and Momentous Discoveries, Second Edition Joseph Henry Press ( JHP Related Books CHAPTER SELECTOR: Openbook Linked Table of Contents Front Matter, pp. i-xii 1 A Passion for Discovery, pp. 1-8 2 Marie Sklodowska Curie, pp. 9-36 3 Lise Meitner, pp. 37-63 4 Emmy Noether, pp. 64-90 5 Gerty Radnitz Cori, pp. 91-116 7 Barbara McClintock, pp. 144-174 8 Maria Goeppert Mayer, pp. 175-200 9 Rita Levi-Montalcini, pp. 201-224 10 Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin, pp. 225-253 11 Chien-Shiung Wu, pp. 254-278 12 Gertrude Belle Elion, pp. 279-302 13 Rosalind Elsie Franklin, pp. 303-331 14 Rosalyn Sussman Yalow, pp. 332-354 15 Jocelyn Bell Burnell, pp. 355-377 Afterword, pp. 406-407 Notes, pp. 408-429 Picture Acknowledgments, pp. 430-432 Index, pp. 433-459 About the Author, pp. 460-460 GO TO PAGE: TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE PRINTABLE PDF IMAGE CHAPTER PAGE PURCHASE OPTIONS PAPERBACK You may want to explore these Related Books CHAPTER SELECTOR: Openbook Linked Table of Contents Front Matter, pp. i-xii 1 A Passion for Discovery, pp. 1-8 2 Marie Sklodowska Curie, pp. 9-36

56. NFFG  -  Vorlage Name of the Program. In honor of maria Goeppert Mayer (19061972), this programis named after the nobel Prize winner for physics from Goettingen. http://www.nffg.de/b_mgmgastprofessur.htm

Maria-Goeppert-Mayer-Professorship for International Women’s and Gender Studies A program of the Lower Saxony Ministry for Science and Culture Funds are available for the allocation of the Maria-Goeppert-Mayer-Professorship until the end of 2003. The program is financed by funds from the "University Science Program" (Hochschulwissenschaftsprogramm HWP), in cooperation with other initiatives of the state, such as the Lower Saxony Research Association for Women’s/Gender Research in Science, Technology and Medicine (NFFG). The Maria-Goeppert-Mayer-Professorship supplements these initiatives in the area of teaching. We are interested in all areas of science and humanities. The guest professorship should, however, be especially directed towards those disciplines which are particularly deficient in the area of women’s and gender studies. The person selected for the guest professorship/lectureship should either be a foreign researcher, or a researcher from a German-speaking country who is distinguished for his/her international research and teaching. Applications for supporting funds for a guest professorship for the summer semester 2004 or the winter semester 2004 for a lectureship for the summer semester 2004 Applications for a guest professorship/lectureship will be accepted until J une

57. Maria Goeppert Mayer reward of her efforts was the nobel price in physics. In contrast to most womenwho became famous for their social engagement, maria Goeppert Mayer has never http://www.ipts.de/women/voss/Maria_Goeppert_Mayer.htm

Maria Goeppert Mayer Since 1935 many old friends from Germany immigrated to America because of the political situation in Germany. Maria was able to help some of them to come to the USA. She had changed her nationality in 1933. During the next years Maria was happy to play the role of a house wife. She had two children. But her husband encouraged her to continue her studies. They started to write a book together about statistical mechanics. The involvement of the USA in World War II afforted Maria Goeppert Mayer an opportunity to get an interesting job for the first time. She was offered to take part in the Project "SAM". The project was very secret and Maria was not allowed to talk about it. German scientists had had success in several experiments on nuclear fission. The American physicans feared that they could develop an atomic bomb. So they decided to anticipate them. With the help of Einstein they got the permission from the President to build secret labs. They searched all over the country. Maria was instrumental in the success of "SAM". She was aware of the fact that she worked on a terrible weapon and it afflicted her. Maria said to her children, "It is against Hitler not against Germany". After World War II she wanted to use the nuclear power in a peaceful way. The atomic fission should be controlled by civilists and not by military.

58. ESVA Mayer Mini-Exhibit In 1959, four years before receiving the nobel Prize for her work on the structureof atomic nuclei Click Here to Search for More maria Goeppert Mayer Photos. http://www.aip.org/history/esva/exhibits/mayer.htm

59. Maria Mayer to our web site, Mr. Larry Luckett, provided us with the following link for biographicalinformation about maria Goeppert Mayer http//www.nobel.se/physics http://www.childrenofthemanhattanproject.org/HF/Biographies - Women/mayer.htm

60. Maria Goeppert Mayer nobel Prize Winning Physicist maria Goeppert Mayer (19061972) Becausemaria Goeppert's father was a professor of pediatrics at http://writetools.com/women/stories/mayer_maria_goeppert.html

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