21. Qpaper Magic Numbers The life and work of maria goeppertmayer. maria was the first womenfrom the United States to win the nobel Prize in physics and the http://inst.augie.edu/~nmmiller/Qpaper.html

"Magic Numbers" The life and work of Maria Goeppert-Mayer Women in science doesn't happen too often even today. When Maria Goeppert was growing up, it was even more of a rarity. Maria Goeppert was born on June 28, 1906 in Kattowitz, Poland (then Upper Silesia, Germany). Maria was the only child of Friedrich Goeppert and Maria nee Wolff. She is the seventh straight generation of university professors on her father’s side. In 1910 her father went to Gottingen to be a professor of pediatrics at the university there. She went to private and public schools there and had wonderful teachers. Although it was not easy to do at the time, Maria was expected to attend the university there, not only by her parents but she expected it as well. There was only one privately funded school that prepared girls for the "abitur," or entrance exams, to the university. When the school was forced to close because of inflation, the teachers continued to privately tutor the students. Maria took her abitur in 1924 and enrolled at the school in the spring of the same year. Shortly before she received her degree, Maria met Joseph Mayer, an American working with James Franck. They married in 1930and moved to Baltimore where he worked at Johns Hopkins University. Seeing that it was the depression, no university was able to employ both a husband and wife. Also, nepotism rules were stringent and prevented her employment as well. Joseph had the more prominent career so he was employed, while Maria kept working just for fun. For the first few summers after moving to Baltimore, she went back to Goettingen to work with Max Born.

22. Maria Goeppert-Mayer One notable woman was maria goeppertmayer. She lived from 1906 -1972. goeppert-mayerwas a nobel Prize winning physicists who did not give up on her dream http://www.geocities.com/Wellesley/Atrium/6957/

Maria Goeppert- Mayer During the twentieth century women have made exponential strides towards equality with men. More and more women are taking traditional male jobs such as doctors, lawyers and scientists. One notable woman was Maria Goeppert-Mayer. She lived from 1906 -1972. From the time she was a little girl up to her death she struggled to find acceptance in the male dominated world of science. In her own quiet way she achieved scientific greatness, however it is unfortunate that her accomplishments are not well known. Goeppert-Mayer was a Nobel Prize winning physicists who did not give up on her dream to become a scientist merely because she was a female. Biography Work Major Contribution Geographical Influences ... Bibliography

23. Maria Goeppert-Mayer There maria goeppertmayer's work on the shell-model_ theory was ground-breaking. intheir orbits. For this discovery, she shared the 1963 nobel Prize in http://www.hill.af.mil/fwp/mayerbio.html

Maria Goeppert-Mayer Nuclear Physicist Maria Goeppert earned a Ph.D. in theoretical physics in 1930, when she was only twenty-four. Such a bright scientist would ordinarily have been sought after, but Dr. Maria Goeppert-Mayer was female. Although her thesis became a classic in the field, her marriage became an obstacle to finding paid employment. Maria Goeppert was born and educated in Germany, where she married an American scientist. After moving to the United States, the couple had two children and a problem: nepotism rules where her husband taught kept the physics department from employing Maria, too. She continued her research just the same, and during this period wrote papers on organic compounds that are still quoted in chemical journals, and co-authored with her husband the now classic textbook on statistical mathematics, Statistical Mechanisms. After years of working without pay, Maria Goeppert-Mayer took a teaching job at Sarah Lawrence College, and a position with the secret Manhattan Project on an aspect called Substituted Alloy Minerals (SAM). The goal: to separate uranium 235 from uranium 238, the first step for developing an atomic bomb. Moving on to the University of Chicago together, Maria Goeppert-Mayer became an associate professor of physics; but nepotism rules again kept her from being paid for her work. As senior physicist at the Agonne National Laboratory she finally salaried. There Maria Goeppert-Mayer's work on the "shell-model_ theory was ground-breaking. She often compared the nucleus of the atom and its particles to a waltz: "If you have ever waltzed, you know it is easier if each couple of whirls in the same direction that all of the other couples are circling the dance floor. It is the same in the nucleus. Each particle pins in the same direction that all are traveling in their orbits." For this discovery, she shared the 1963 Nobel Prize in physics with her collaborators, Dr. Hans Jensen and Dr. Eugene Wigner.

24. Science In Poland - Nobel Prize Laureates Polishorigin nobel Prize Laureates. Year, Person, Discipline. 1950, TadeusREICHSTEIN, Physiology or Medicine. 1963, maria goeppert-mayer, Physics. http://main.amu.edu.pl/~zbzw/ph/sci/pl-nobel.html

Polish-origin Nobel Prize Laureates Year Person Discipline Maria SKLODOWSKA-CURIE Physics Henryk SIENKIEWICZ Literature Albert Abraham MICHELSON Physics Maria SKLODOWSKA-CURIE Chemistry Walther Hermann NERNST Chemistry Wladyslaw Stanislaw REYMONT Literature Tadeus REICHSTEIN Physiology or Medicine Maria GOEPPERT-MAYER Physics Shmuel Yosef AGNON Literature Andrew V. SCHALLY Physiology or Medicine Isaac Bashevis SINGER Literature Menachem BEGIN Peace Czeslaw MILOSZ Literature Roald HOFFMANN Chemistry Lech WALESA Peace Klaus von KLITZING Physics Georges CHARPAK Physics Shimon PERES Peace Józef ROTBLAT Peace Wislawa SZYMBORSKA Literature Günter GRASS Literature Günter BLOBEL Physiology or Medicine WHO NEXT? Results from searching of The Nobel Foundation 's database Please also visit page Famous Polish discoveres, travelers and scientists Physics 1903 The prize was divided, one half being awarded to: BECQUEREL, ANTOINE HENRI, France, École Polytechnique, Paris, * 1852, + 1908: "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity" the other half jointly to: CURIE, PIERRE, France, École municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles, (Municipal School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry), Paris, * 1859, + 1906:

25. Maria Goeppert-Mayer maria goeppertmayer Born 6/28/1906 Birthplace Katowice An accomplished physicist,goeppert-mayer made numerous contributions to to win the nobel Prize for http://www.allperson.com/allperson/legend/0000000586.asp

Home Society A portal dedicated to famous persons of the world Maria Goeppert-Mayer Born: Birthplace: Katowice (then Germany, now Poland) An accomplished physicist, Goeppert-Mayer made numerous contributions to the field of physics and was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize for theoretical physics. Educated at the University of Goettingen, Germany, Mayer was initially attracted to math, but later shifted to physics. After her marriage in 1930, she left Germany for Johns Hopkins University, where her husband, Joseph E. Mayer, taught in the chemistry department. She received an assistantship in the physics department at Johns Hopkins. For most of her career, nepotism rules at universities where her husband worked prevented Meyer from holding full-time positions. During WWII, she worked on the Manhattan Project. In 1946, the Mayers moved to Chicago where, as a senior physicist at the newly formed Argonne National Laboratory, her interests turned to nuclear physics. She collaborated with Hans D. Jensen to publish Elementary Theory of Nuclear Shell Structure in 1955. In 1963, she and Jensen shared the Nobel Prize for their groundbreaking work in models of the nucleus of atoms. In 1960, the Mayers moved to the University of California, San Diego, where she was appointed professor of physics, her first full-time paid position.

26. Nobel Laureates - Physics 1963 maria goeppertmayer American honored with others for work with nuclear shellstructure. Back to index nobel Laureates. Email this page! Sponsored Links. http://womenshistory.about.com/cs/nobelphysics/

zfp=-1 About History Women's History Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting in partnership with Women's History with Jone Johnson Lewis Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') This Week's Articles tod('tih'); Today in History Daily Quiz tod('pod'); Picture of the Day Special Subscription Offers Subscribe Now Choose One: Subscribe Customer Service Subjects Essentials/Basics Biographies World: by Place Time: By Era ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Nobel Laureates - Physics Women who have won the Nobel Prize in Physics. 1903: Marie Sklodowska Curie With husband Pierre Curie and Henri Becquerel, honored for research in "radiation phenomena." 1963: Maria Goeppert-Mayer American honored with others for work with nuclear shell structure. Back to index: Nobel Laureates Email this page! Sponsored Links See Your Family History at OneGreatFamily Find and research your family tree with the help of others around the world. Meet relatives, see what research is done, and receive automated help. Eveyone works on the same family tree - 7-day trial. http://www.onegreatfamily.com/

27. University Of Chicago News: Nobel Laureates Other University of Chicago nobel Laureates include Enrico Fermi (Physics James DeweyWatson (Physiology or Medicine, 1962), maria goeppertmayer (Physics, 1963 http://www-news.uchicago.edu/resources/nobel/

Nobel Prize Centennial 1901-2001 University of Chicago News: Resources University of Chicago Nobel Laureates Seventy-four Nobel Laureates have been faculty members, students or researchers at the University of Chicago at some point in their careers. Eleven have won the Nobel Prize in the last decade alone. Of the 74 Laureates, 25 have won in Physics , 22 in Economic Sciences , 14 in Chemistry , 11 in Physiology or Medicine and two in Literature Michelson was the first American to win the Nobel Prize in any of the sciences. Six Laureates are currently members of the faculty: James Heckman (Economic Sciences, 2000), Robert Lucas (Economic Sciences, 1995), Robert Fogel (Economic Sciences, 1993), Gary Becker (Economic Sciences, 1992), Ronald Coase (Economic Sciences, 1991) and James Cronin (Physics, 1980). James Heckman , a Professor in Economics and Public Policy, studies methodologies used to measure the impact of social programs, such as minimum-wage legislation and anti-discrimination law. He shared the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for work on analyzing selective samples. Robert Lucas Robert Fogel , a Professor in the Graduate School of Business, shared the award for applying economics and statistics to the study of history. In his work on slavery in the United States, Fogel has argued that the market would not have ended slavery, as it remained a profitable and efficient system for slave owners.

28. University Of Chicago News: Nobel Laureates The nobel Prize in Physics 1963 with maria goeppertmayer and J. Hans D. Jensen “forhis contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary http://www-news.uchicago.edu/resources/nobel/physics.html

University of Chicago News: Resources University of Chicago Physics Nobel Laureates Seventy-four Laureates have been faculty, students or researchers at the University of Chicago. Twenty-five of those Laureates won prizes in Physics. Masatoshi Koshiba Research Associate in the Enrico Fermi Institute The Nobel Prize in Physics 2002 with Raymond Davis Jr. and Riccardo Giacconi Daniel C. Tsui S.M., 1963; Ph.D., 1967. The Nobel Prize in Physics 1998 Jerome I. Friedman A.B., 1950; S.M., 1953; Ph.D., 1956. The Nobel Prize in Physics 1990 with Henry Kendall and Richard Taylor Jack Steinberger S.B., 1942; Ph.D., 1949. The Nobel Prize in Physics 1988 with Leon Lederman and Dr. Melvin Schwartz Leon M. Lederman Frank L. Sulzberger Professor in the College The Nobel Prize in Physics 1988 with Dr. Jack Steinberger and Dr. Melvin Schwartz Subramanyan Chandrasekhar Research Associate in the , 1937-1938; Assistant Professor, 1938-1942; Associate Professor, 1942-1943; Professor, 1943-1952; Morton D. Hull Distinguished Service Professor in the Physics , and the Enrico Fermi Institute The Nobel Prize in Physics 1983 with William Fowler James W. Cronin

29. Maria Goeppert-Mayer goeppertmayer, maria 925 N84 The Biographical Dictionary of Scientists R 925 B52The Triumph of Discovery Women Scientists Who Won the nobel Prize 920.7 http://www.punahou.edu/libraries/cooke/goeppert.html

Library Home Library Catalog Online Resources Reference Sources ... Ing Learning Center Ghosts of Chemistry Past Goeppert-Mayer, Maria Goeppert-Mayer, Maria Books Encyclopedia of World Biography [R 920.02 En1] Notable Twentieth Century Scientists [R 925 N84] The Biographical Dictionary of Scientists [R 925 B52] The Triumph of Discovery: Women Scientists Who Won the Nobel Prize Nobel Prize Women in Science: Thei Lives, Struggles and Momentous Discoveries Nobel Prize Winners [R 920.02 N66] (under Mayer, Maria Goeppert) Internet Resources Biography Resource Center (Need username and password for trial) Last updated 09 April 2002 Home Libraries Cooke Chemistry ... Ghosts of Chemistry Past > Goeppert-Mayer Quick Links: News Calendar Alumni E-mail Registry Mentoring at Punahou ... Punahou Phone Directory Search www.punahou.edu: Created by the Websters at the Punahou Educational Technology Center. Feedback may be directed here.

30. Pagina Nueva 1 goeppertmayer, maria. L'any 1963 rebé el Premi nobel de Física, juntament amb HDJensen per les seves investigacions sobre l'estructura en nivells del nucli http://www.pangea.org/amcomas/biografies/b8.htm

Biografies Dones Premi Nobel GOEPPERT-MAYER, Maria Física nord-americana d'orígen alemany (Katowice, 1906- San Diego, 1972). Catedràtica de la Universitat de California. L'any 1963 rebé el Premi Nobel de Física, juntament amb H. D. Jensen per les seves investigacions sobre l'estructura en nivells del nucli atòmic i dels anomenats "números màgics". Goeppert-Mayer va ser la segona dona, després de Marie Curie, en rebre un premi Nobel de Física. Tornar a biografies

31. Pagina Nueva 1 Biografies Dones Premi nobel. CORRIGAN, Mairead, 1976; DELEDDA, Grazia,1926; ELIONBELL, Gertrude, 1988; goeppert-mayer, maria, 1963; http://www.pangea.org/amcomas/biografies/biografies.htm

Biografies Dones Premi Nobel ADDAMS, Jane, 1931 BALCH, Emily Greene, 1946 BUCK, Pearl Sydenstricker, 1938 CORI, Gerty Theresa Radnitz, 1947 ... YALOW, Rosalyn Sussman, 1977 Altres ALEU, Dolors CAPMANY, Maria Aurèlia DE PIZAN, Christine GAROUTE, Alice ... WOOLF, Virginia

32. UCSD Physics --News UCSD Physicist maria goeppertmayer (1906-1972). Although best known for her workon the nuclear shell model, for which she was awarded the nobel prize in http://physics.ucsd.edu/news/index.shtml

Prospective Grad Students Graduate Program >>welcome and events >>admissions >>degree requirements >>financial aid ... >>health benefits Contact Information >>Department Contacts Research Opportunities >>UCSD Physics Research >>Faculty Profiles Careers in Physics >>Career Information >>Salaries for Physicists Courses >>Course Descriptions >>Class Schedule >>Course Web Pages Faculty Profiles Prospective Physics Majors Undergraduate Program >>degrees offered >>admissions >>applications >>financial aid ... >>housing Why Physics? Student Affairs Office Careers in Physics >>Career Information >>Salaries for Physicists Courses >>Course Descriptions >>Class Schedule >>Course Web Pages Department At A Glance Current Students Courses >>Course Descriptions >>Class Schedule >>Course Web Pages Degrees Student Affairs Office Careers >>Career Information >>Salaries for Physicists Why Choose Physics? StudentLINK REU Students Summer Program Instructors / TAs Employment Opportunities ASE Application Form Current ASEs Teaching Resources Department Visitors Virtual Visit Department Contacts Finding UCSD Physics Research UCSD Physics Research >>Astrophysics, Astronomy and Space Sciences

33. Nobelpreisträgerinnen Translate this page nobel-Frauen. Tochter Irene Joliot-Curie (1897 - 1956) und Lise Meitner (1878 - 1968)- werden hier unter anderem vorgestellt maria goeppert-mayer (1906 - 1972 http://www.physik.tu-darmstadt.de/website/frauen/allgemein/portraits/nobel.html

Nobel-Frauen Marie Curie (1837 - 1934) Der Physik-Nobelpreis 1903 wurde Becquerel und dem Ehepaar Curie Lise Meitner (1878 - 1968) "unbezahlter Gast" Maria Goeppert-Mayer (1906 - 1972) "Doppel-Photon-Prozessen" "Statistische Mechanik" "Kernkonfigurationen nach dem Spin-Bahn-Kopplungsmodell" "Entdeckungen zur Schalenstruktur des Kerns" Chien-Shiung Wu (1912 - ) Jocelyn Bell Burnell (1943 - ) Als Hewish den Nobelpreis "Mein Wissen in der Astronomie war nicht so gut wie das von Hewish, und ich riskierte auch nicht so viel wie er." Bis heute bleibt sie dabei: Diese Seite wurde erstellt von

34. Famous Scientists Glaser, Donald Atomic Physics http//www-library.lbl.gov/library/text/nobel/d_glaser.html.goeppert-mayer, maria - Argonne National Laboratory Physicist. http://www.greatlakes.net/~msheler/Mark/scientists.html

Famous Scientist Report You are to write a report about a famous Scientist, create a poster to give an oral report by using the materials obtained in the library, at home or from the public library. Requirements: You must turn in a 1-2 page handwritten or typed report about a famous scientist from the list I have. You must present your findings in an oral report. You will need to make a Personality Poster that you can use in your oral report. If you would like to bring in a model of their invention instead of a poster, that would be fine. The Personality Poster should visually show what the scientist contributed to science. Your report must contain an Introduction, Body, and Conclusion. You must have three sources for the information you collect. This must be organized in you OWN words. You may use the school library, public library, Internet, books, magazines, or other published material. You must give credit to your sources (Bibliography) in the style as shown in class. This is the list of Scientists, and a place on the Internet to find some information about them. Remember to use THREE different sources. Only one Internet source and two others. Here are a list of possible scientists.....

35. Le Secret Des Batisseurs Translate this page Par l'intermédiaire d'une étude intensive des données, goeppert-mayer découvritune Lors de son discours d'acceptation du prix nobel, maria allait expliquer http://www.contrepoints.com/geometrie/dossiers/carres.html

Les abstracteurs de Quinte-essence Maria Goeppert-Mayer 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, et 126

36. Women In Science: M. Goeppert-Mayer--Physicist maria goeppertmayer (1906-1972) grew up in Göttingen, Germany, at a time whenits shell model gained her and collaborator Hans Hensen the nobel Prize in http://www.inventions.org/culture/science/women/geoppert-mayer.html

Welcome to our: Toll Free Number: (877) IDEA-BIN Telephone: Fax: Office Hours: Monday-Saturday Pacific Time Postal Address: 403 S. Central Av. Glendale, CA Office Staff: Appointments: Norma Castro General Info: Rusty Ruscetta Patent Counsel: Ted De Boer Director of Educational Services: Bob Mason Student Associates/Interns: Matthew Alagala Lusine Muradyan Web Page Design and Management: Maria Ny M. Goeppert-Mayer Physicist Be sure to read about how other female, African-American and other scientists helped shape our history and make our world what it is today. Information Source: Publication Department of the Library of Congress. Photograph courtesy New York World-Telegram and Sun Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress. Home About IAL Services Products ... Contact Us We take your privacy seriously. Please read our Privacy Statement

37. Show Tagged Records SUMMARY Presents a biography of American physicist maria goeppertmayer (1906-1972)as part of a collection of Notes that she won a nobel Prize in 1963. http://www.lib.nthu.edu.tw/subject/phys3w.htm

Record: 1 TITLE: Maria Goeppert-Mayer (1906-1972). ( Type: World Wide Web Resource ) LINK: http://hum.amu.edu.pl/~zbzw/ph/sci/mgm.htm SUMMARY: Features American physicist Maria Goeppert-Mayer (1906-1972), with information compiled by Zbigniew Zwolinski. Includes a biographical sketch, photographs, career highlights, and a list of recommended readings and related sites. LC SUBJECT: Mayer, Maria Gertrude (American physicist). Physicists Biography 20th century. Record: 2 TITLE: Shirley Ann Jackson. ( Type: World Wide Web Resource ) LINK: http://www.lib.lsu.edu/lib/chem/display/jackson.html SUMMARY: Profiles American theoretical physicist Shirley Ann Jackson (1946-), as part of a collection of biographies of African Americans in the Sciences, published by the Chemistry Library of Louisiana State University. Includes career highlights and a bibliography. LC SUBJECT: Jackson, Shirley Ann (American physicist). Physicists Biography 20th century. Women in science. Afro-American women.

38. Nobel-díjasok 1963 Wigner Jeno (1912, USA); goeppert-mayer, maria (1906-1972, USA); Jensen, HansDaniel (1907-1973, NSZK) Wigner Jeno a nobel-díjat az atommagok és az http://www.szulocsatorna.hu/fizika/atom/nobel.htm

Nobel-díjasok az atomfizikában Készítette : Porkoláb Tamás 1901 Röntgen, Wilhelm Conrad (1845-1923, Német Birodalom): "a róla elnevezett sugarak fölfedezésével szerzett rendkívüli érdemeinek elismeréseként". 1903 Becquerel, Antoine Henri (1852-1908, Franciaország); Curie, Pierre (1859-1906, Franciaország) és Curie, Marie szül. Sklodowska (1867-1934, Franciaország): Becqerel a Nobel-díjat "a spontán radioaktivitás fölfedezésével nyújtott rendkívüli tejesítményének elismeréseként" nyerte el. Marie és Pierre Curie "a Henri Becquerel által fölfedezett sugárzási jelenségekre vonatkozó együttes vizsgálataikért kapták a díjat. 1905 Lenard, Philipp (1862-1947, Német Birodalom): "a katódsugarakkal összefüggõ munkáiért". 1906 Thomson, Sir Joseph John (1856-1940, Anglia) : "a gázokon áthaladó elektromosság elméleti és kísérleti vizsgálataival szerzett érdemei elismeréséül". 1914 Laue, Max von (1879-1960, Német Birodalom): "a kristályokon áthaladó röntgensugarak elhajlásának fölfedezéséért". 1915 Bragg, William Henry (1862-1942, Anglia);

39. Historical Sketch, 1893-1986 Robert Mulliken, who received the nobel Prize for his work on molecular structure,and later Gregor Wentzel, Edward Teller, maria goeppertmayer, Clarence Zener http://physics.uchicago.edu/historical_sketch.html

Research Classes Events People ... Physics Home The Ryerson Physical Laboratory was home to the Department of Physics from 1894 until 1985. SEE ALSO: Manhattan Project commemorative sculpture Research Institutes University Archives Department Photographs: Summer 1925 Summer 1931 Autumn 2000 Historical Sketch, 1893-1986 This review was written by Hellmut Fritzsche when he was Chairman of the Department in 1986. The Physics Department got off to a flying start in 1893 when A. A. Michelson , the most outstanding American scientist of the time, came to Chicago. He saw to the appointment of Robert A. Millikan and Arthur H. Compton , both of whom came to win the Nobel Prize. Michelson himself won the Nobel Prize in 1907, the first American to do so. Millikan's fame came from the oil drop experiment he did at Chicago. This established in a dramatic way the discrete value of the electric charge, whose value he measured with extraordinary precision. He won the Nobel Prize for providing, by means of the photo-electric effect, an experimental proof of the existence of the photon. Arthur Compton came to Chicago in 1923, fresh from his discovery of the quantum nature of the scattering of X-rays by electrons, an effect that bears his name and which helped establish the ideas of quantum mechanics. In 1930, Compton's scientific interest and the stamp of the Physics Department shifted from precision X-ray measurements to cosmic rays. His very productive group of investigators in cosmic rays included at various times such men as

40. Nobel Laureates nobel Website. Click the banner above to visit the official nobel Web Site. 1950,Tadeus REICHSTEIN, Physiology or Medicine. 1963, maria goeppertmayer, Physics. http://www.pgf.cc/person/nobel_laureates.htm

VISION To develop a platform of interaction and exchange that fosters peace, understanding, appreciation, and mutual respect for all members of the global community. Home Up Click the banner above to visit the official Nobel Web Site The individuals noted below are true representative of Polish citizenry and Polonia. Each notes his or her Polish heritage in their respective autobiographies. Year Laureate Discipline Maria SKLODOWSKA-CURIE Physics Henryk SIENKIEWICZ Literature Albert Abraham MICHELSON Physics Maria SKLODOWSKA-CURIE Chemistry Walther Hermann NERNST Chemistry Wladyslaw Stanislaw REYMONT Literature Tadeus REICHSTEIN Physiology or Medicine Maria GOEPPERT-MAYER Physics Shmuel Yosef AGNON Literature Andrew V. SCHALLY Physiology or Medicine Isaac Bashevis SINGER Literature Menachem BEGIN Peace Czeslaw MILOSZ Literature Roald HOFFMANN Chemistry Lech WALESA Peace Klaus von KLITZING Physics Georges CHARPAK Physics Shimon PERES Peace Joseph ROTBLAT Peace Wislawa SZYMBORSKA Literature Sir Harold W. KROTO Chemistry G¼nter GRASS Literature G¼nter BLOBEL Physiology or Medicine Contact Us , view our Privacy Notice , or our Legal Notice

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