21. Nobel Prize For Physics Welcome to the Reference Homepage of the World, nobel Prize for Physics brockhouse,bertram N., Canada, 1994, for the development of neutron spectroscopy . http://www.planet101.com/nobel_physics.htm

Nobel Prize for Physics Name Year The Work Eric A. Cornell USA Wolfgang Ketterle Germany Carl E. Wieman USA "for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates" Zhores I. Alferov, Herbert Kroemer and Jack S. Kilby The researchers' work has laid the foundations of modern information technology, IT, particularly through their invention of rapid transistors, laser diodes, and integrated circuits (chips). Gerardus 't Hooft, Martinus J.G. Veltman, Netherlands "for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics." Robert B. Laughlin, U.S.A Horst L. Störmer, Daniel C. Tsui "for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations." CHU, STEVEN, U.S.A COHEN-TANNOUDJI, CLAUDE, France PHILLIPS, WILLIAM D., U.S.A "for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light" LEE, DAVID M., U.S.A

22. 1994 Nobel Laureates, March-April 1995 The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has awarded the 1994 nobel Prize in Physicsjointly to bertram N. brockhouse of McMaster University in Ontario, Canada http://ppm.goinfo.com/Action/ppmeditorial.nsf/504ca249c786e20f85256284006da7ab/0

23. Nobel Prizes In Physics http//www.chem.yorku.ca/NAMED/. nobel PRIZE PHYSICS. YEAR. NAME OF SCIENTISTS. astrophysics.1994. bertram N. brockhouse. CanadianAmerican. spectroscopy. http://www.chem.yorku.ca/NAMED/NOBEL/PHYS/

Nobel Prizes in Physics Department of Chemistry, York University 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ONTARIO M3J 1P3, CANADA For suggestions, corrections, additional information, and comments please send e-mails to jandraos@yorku.ca http://www.chem.yorku.ca/NAMED/ NOBEL PRIZE PHYSICS YEAR NAME OF SCIENTISTS NATIONALITY TYPE OF PHYSICS Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen German radiation Henrik Antoon Lorentz Dutch magnetism, radiation Pieter Zeeman Dutch magnetism, radiation Pierre Curie French radiation Marie Curie French radiation Antoine Henri Becquerel French radiation Lord John William Strutt Rayleigh British gases Philipp Eduard Anton Lenard Hungarian-German cathode rays Sir Joseph John Thomson British gases Albert Abraham Michelson German-American spectroscopy Gabriel Lippmann French optics Guglielmo Marconi Italian telegraphy Carl Ferdinand Braun German telegraphy Johannes Diderik van der Waals Dutch gases Wilhelm Wien German radiation Nils Gustaf Dalen Swedish gases Heike Kamerlingh-Onnes Dutch cryogenics Max von Laue German crystallography Sir William Henry Bragg British crystallography Sir William Lawrence Bragg British crystallography no prize awarded Charles Glover Barkla British radiation Max Planck German quantum theory, radiation

24. UU World Mar/Apr 2002: The Dispossessed, By 100 Nobel Laureates the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the first nobel prizes. E. Boriaug Peace,1970 Paul D. Boyer Chemistry, 1997 bertram N. brockhouse Physics, 1994 http://www.uua.org/world/2002/02/prophecy.html

reflections See also commentary meditation Contents: March/April 2002 p r o p h e c y The Dispossessed by 100 Nobel Laureates The following statement was released on December 7, 2001, by 100 Nobel Prize winners to coincide with the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the first Nobel prizes. Although the statement began circulating among the laureates last summer, most of them signed it after September 11. The most profound danger to world Peace in the coming years will stem not from the irrational acts of states or individuals but from the legitimate demands of the world's dispossessed. Of these poor and disenfranchised, the majority live a marginal existence in equatorial climates. Global warming, not of their making but originating with the wealthy few, will affect their fragile ecologies most. Their situation will be desperate and manifestly unjust. It cannot be expected, therefore, that in all cases they will be content to await the beneficence of the rich. If then we permit the devastating power of modern weaponry to spread through this combustible human landscape, we invite a conflagration that can engulf both rich and poor. The only hope for the future lies in cooperative international action, legitimized by democracy. It is time to turn our backs on the unilateral search for security, in which we seek to shelter behind walls. Instead, we must persist in the quest for united action to counter both global warming and a weaponized world.

25. FOR- News And Current Events the 100th anniversary of the nobel prize, 100 nobel laureates have E. Boriaug Peace,1970 Paul D. Boyer Chemistry, 1997 bertram N. brockhouse Physic, 1994 http://www.forusa.org/News/NobelStatement1201.html

Veterans Call to Conscience Phil Berrigan, 12/6/02 No War With Iraq! Israel/Palestine: STOP THE VIOLENCE! ... Nobel Laureates Statement ABOUT THE FOR Become a Member Contact Donate FOR Headquarters ... Vision and Mission Statements PROGRAMS IRAQ Interfaith PeaceBuilders Latin America ... Peace Prizes ACTION NEWS EMAIL Subscribe! FELLOWSHIP MAGAZINE Fellowship Home Page Subscribe Interfaith Peace Quotes ... Writings on Peace LINKS Links to other web sites ONLINE STORE Books Bumper Stickers Calendars Gifts ... Videos Statement of 100 Nobel Laureates OSLO, Norway-December 7, 2001 (OTVNewswire) At the Nobel Peace Prize Centennial Symposium here yesterday celebrating the 100th anniversary of the Nobel prize, 100 Nobel laureates have issued a brief but dire warning of the "profound dangers" facing the world. Their statement predicts that our security depends on immediate environmental and social reform. The following is the text of their statement: THE STATEMENT: The most profound danger to world peace in the coming years will stem not from the irrational acts of states or individuals but from the legitimate demands of the world's dispossessed. Of these poor and disenfranchised, the majority live a marginal existence in equatorial climates. Global warming, not of their making but originating with the wealthy few, will affect their fragile ecologies most. Their situation will be desperate and manifestly unjust.

26. William Ready Division Of Archives And Research Collections culminating in the award with Clifford G. Shull of the nobel Prize in helped answerthe question of where atoms 'are' and bertram N. brockhouse the question http://library.lib.mcmaster.ca/archives/findaids/fonds/b/brockhou.htm

William Ready Division of Archives and Research Collections McMaster University Library 1280 Main Street, West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L6 Archives: Fonds Descriptions and Finding Aids Back to B Index Brockhouse, B. N. Bertram Neville Brockhouse fonds. - 1950-1997. - 4.7 m of textual records, graphic material, and moving images. Bertram Neville Brockhouse was born 15 July 1918 in Lethbridge, Alberta. At an early age he moved with his family to Vancouver. After graduating from high school in 1935, he worked as a laboratory assistant, and then as a self-employed radio repairman, both in Vancouver and Chicago. He spent the war years in the Royal Canadian Navy Volunteer Reserve-Active Duty, and he then attended the University of British Columbia, from which he graduated in 1947 with first-class honours in mathematics and physics. He entered the University of Toronto that same year. He obtained his Ph.D. in 1950, with a thesis titled "The Effect of Stress and Temperature upon the Magnetic Properties of Ferromagnetic Materials". The fonds has been arranged into six series: correspondence; conferences; offprints, typescripts, and proofs; McMaster University; journals, awards, travel, photographs, realia; Nobel Prize.

27. The Nobel Prize For Physics (1901-1998) to watch the nobel Foundation web site at http//www.nobel.se Joseph H. Taylor andsubsequent tests of GR 1994 1960 bertram N. brockhouse Neutron scattering http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Administrivia/nobel.html

[Physics FAQ] Updated October 1998 by Nathan Urban. Updated 1997,96 by PEG. Updated 1994 by SIC. Original by Scott I. Chase. The Nobel Prize for Physics (1901-1998) The following is a complete listing of Nobel Prize awards, from the first award in 1901. Prizes were not awarded in every year. The date in brackets is the approximate date of the work. The description following the names is an abbreviation of the official citation. The Physics prize is announced near the beginning of October each year. One of the quickest ways to get the announcement is to watch the Nobel Foundation web site at http://www.nobel.se

28. City Of Toronto - Doing Business In Toronto: Universities And Colleges In Toront bertram N. brockhouse won the nobel Prize in 1994 for the developmentof neutron spectroscopy. brockhouse developed the neutron http://www.city.toronto.on.ca/quality_of_life/universities_colleges.htm

Universities and Colleges Attractions Safety Diversity ... Health care Universities and Colleges in Toronto University of Toronto Established in 1827, the University of Toronto (U of T) is Canada's largest university, granting both undergraduate and graduate degrees. It has an operating budget of $930 million, assets of over $2 billion, three principal campuses, 8,848 full and part-time employees and close to 53,000 students. U of T offers a full range of courses in the humanities and the social and physical sciences, as well as professional programs in medicine, dentistry, engineering, architecture, nursing, social work and teaching. There is a breadth of research at U of T with more than 16,500 researchers on campus and at its affiliated teaching hospitals. Its Faculty of Medicine and was recently recognized by the United Nations as one of four international centres of excellence for its multi-disciplinary approach to leading-edge research. Key Facts: The University of Toronto's Department of Computer Science is the largest and most highly rated in Canada and is one the top 10 on the continent. U of T has one of the largest medical complexes in North America.

29. 100 Nobel Laureates Call For Environmental And Social Reforms The nobel PrizeWinning Signatories Zhores I. Alferov Physics, 2000 Sidney Peace,1970 Paul D. Boyer Chemistry, 1997 bertram N. brockhouse Physics, 1994 http://www.policyalternatives.ca/publications/articles/article341.html

E-mail this page to a friend Return to the main CCPA web page 100 Nobel laureates call for environmental and social reforms The statement The Nobel Prize-Winning Signatories Zhores I. Alferov Physics, 2000 Sidney Altman Chemistry, 1989 Philip W. Anderson Physics, 1977 Oscar Arias Sanchez Peace, 1987 J. George Bednorz Physics, 1987 Bishop Carlos F.X. Belo Peace, 1996 Baruj Benacerraf Physiology/Medicine, 1980 Hans A. Bethe Physics, 1967 James W. Black Physiology/Medicine, 1988 Guenter Blobel Physiology/Medicine, 1999 Nicolaas Bloembergen Physics, 1981 Norman E. Borlaug Peace, 1970 Paul D. Boyer Chemistry, 1997 Bertram N. Brockhouse Physics, 1994 Herbert C. Brown Chemistry, 1979 Georges Charpak Physics, 1992 Claude Cohen-Tannoudji Physics, 1997 John W. Cornforth Chemistry, 1975 Francis H.C. Crick Physiology/Medicine, 1962 James W. Cronin Physics, 1980 Paul J. Crutzen Chemistry, 1995 Robert F. Curl Chemistry, 1996 The Dalai Lama Peace, 1989

30. Fq - Prémios Nobel Da Física Translate this page Galardoados com o Prémio nobel da Física, atribuído pela Fundação nobel,para distinguir trabalhos de grande 1994 bertram N. brockhouse, Clifford G http://atelier.uarte.mct.pt/fq/quem/nobelfis.htm

Temas disponíveis Ácido-base Astronomia Átomo Dinâmica Electricidade Energia Estado gasoso Laboratório Orgânica Precipitação Reacções Soluções Substâncias Quem? Tabelas Outros links Índice Menu principal quem? Páginas neste tema Bibliografia Biografias Prémios Nobel da Física Prémios Nobel da Química Prémios Nobel da Física Galardoados com o Prémio Nobel da Física, atribuído pela Fundação Nobel , para distinguir trabalhos de grande importância na investigação Física: 2002 Raymond Davis Jr., Masatoshi Koshiba, Riccardo Giacconi 2001 Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle, Carl E. Wieman 2000 Zhores I. Alferov, Herbert Kroemer, Jack S. Kilby 1999 Gerardus 't Hooft, Martinus J.G. Veltman 1998 Robert B. Laughlin, Horst L. Störmer, Daniel C. Tsui 1997 Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, William D. Phillips 1996 David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson 1995 Martin L. Perl, Frederick Reines 1994 Bertram N. Brockhouse, Clifford G. Shull

31. Nobel Physics Prize nobel Peace Prize for Physics. 1993, Russell Huise Joseph Taylor, USA USA.1994, bertram N. brockhouse Clifford G. Shull, Canada USA. http://www.geocities.com/Axiom43/nobelphysics.html

Nobel Peace Prize for Physics The Prize for Physics is the remaining of the original Prizes dating from 1901. Year Winner(s) Country W. C. Rontgen Germany H. A. Lorentz P. Zeeman Nertherlands Netherlands H. Becquerel P Curie Marie Curie France France France (Polish born) Lord Rayleigh (John W. Strutt) Great Britain P. Lenard Germany Joseph John Thomson Great Britain A. A. Michelson USA G. Lippmann France F. Braun G. Marconi Germany Italy J. D. van der Waals Netherlands W. Wien Germany G. Dalen Sweden H. Kamerlingh Onnes Netherlands M. von Laue Germany Sir William H. Bragg Sir William L. Bragg Great Brittain Great Britain No Award Made Charles G. Barkla Great Britain M. Planck Germany J. Stark Germany C. E. Guillaume France Albert Einstein Germany N. Bohr Denmark R. A. Millikan USA M. Siegbahn Sweden J. Franck G. Hertz Germany Germany J. Perrin

32. Appello Dei 110 Premi Nobel Translate this page Ecco i nomi dei centodieci premi nobel che hanno firmato l'appello, la categoriain cui hanno vinto il premio, l bertram N. brockhouse (Physics, 1994 http://www.iac.rm.cnr.it/~spweb/documenti/appello_premiNOBEL.html

L'appello di 110 premi Nobel La minaccia maggiore per la pace mondiale verrà negli anni a venire non dai comportamenti irrazionali di stati o individui, ma dalle legittime richieste dei diseredati del mondo. La maggioranza di queste persone povere e senza diritti vive un'esistenza marginale nei climi equatoriali. Il surriscaldamento del pianeta - originato non da loro, bensì da pochi ricchi - colpirà soprattutto le loro fragili ecologie. La loro situazione sarà disperata e manifestamente ingiusta. Perciò non ci si può attendere che essi si accontentino sempre e comunque di aspettare la beneficenza dei ricchi. Se permetteremo dunque alla potenza devastante delle armi moderne di diffondersi in questo esplosivo paesaggio umano, innescheremo una conflagrazione in grado di travolgere tanto i ricchi quanto i poveri. La sola speranza per il futuro riposa nella collaborazione internazionale, legittimata dalla democrazia. È tempo di voltare le spalle alla ricerca unilaterale di sicurezza, in cui noi cerchiamo di rifugiarci dietro ai muri. Dobbiamo invece insistere nella ricerca dell'unità d'azione per contrastare sia il surriscaldamento del pianeta che un mondo armato. Questi obiettivi gemelli costituiranno due condizioni fondamentali per la stabilità, mentre ci muoveremo verso il più ampio grado di giustizia sociale che, esso solo, può dare una speranza di pace. Alcuni degli strumenti legali necessari sono già a portata di mano, come il trattato sui missili anti-balistici (Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty), la convenzione sui cambiamenti climatici (Convention on Climate Change), i trattatti strategici sulla riduzione di armi (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaties) e il Trattato sul bando dei test nucleari (Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty). In quanto cittadini preoccupati, chiediamo a tutti i governi di impegnarsi per questi obiettivi, che costituiscono dei passi in avanti affinché il diritto prenda il posto della guerra.

33. Academic Directories by the nobel Foundation, this site provides an illustrated overview of the work of1994 nobel winners Clifford G. Schull and bertram N. brockhouse, who in the http://www.allianceforlifelonglearning.org/er/tree.jsp?c=41094

34. Our Best Point The Way Also See nobel Peace Prize Centennial Symposium. Physics, 1981 Norman E. BoriaugPeace, 1970 Paul D. Boyer Chemistry, 1997 bertram N. brockhouse Physic, 1994 http://www.commondreams.org/headlines01/1207-01.htm

Home Newswire About Us Donate ... Archives Headlines Published on Friday, December 7, 2001 in the Our Best Point the Way On the 100th anniversary of the Nobel prize, 100 Nobel laureates warn that our security hangs on environmental and social reform The most profound danger to world peace in the coming years will stem not from the irrational acts of states or individuals but from the legitimate demands of the world's dispossessed. Of these poor and disenfranchised, the majority live a marginal existence in equatorial climates. Global warming, not of their making but originating with the wealthy few, will affect their fragile ecologies most. Their situation will be desperate and manifestly unjust. Also See: Nobel Peace Prize Centennial Symposium It cannot be expected, therefore, that in all cases they will be content to await the beneficence of the rich. If then we permit the devastating power of modern weaponry to spread through this combustible human landscape, we invite a conflagration that can engulf both rich and poor. The only hope for the future lies in co-operative international action, legitimized by democracy. It is time to turn our backs on the unilateral search for security, in which we seek to shelter behind walls. Instead, we must persist in the quest for united action to counter both global warming and a weaponized world.

35. On The 100th Anniversary Of The Nobel Prize On the 100th anniversary of the nobel prize 100 nobel laureates warn that our securityhangs on environmental and bertram N. brockhouse Physic, 1994. http://www.nativevillage.org/Inspiration-/On_the_100th_anniversary_of_the_.htm

On the 100th anniversary of the Nobel prize 100 Nobel laureates warn that our security hangs on environmental and social reform The most profound danger to world peace in the coming years will stem not from the irrational acts of states or individuals but from the legitimate demands of the world's dispossessed. Of these poor and disenfranchised, the majority live a marginal existence in equatorial climates. Global warming, not of their making but originating with the wealthy few, will affect their fragile ecologies most. Their situation will be desperate and manifestly unjust. It cannot be expected, therefore, that in all cases they will be content to await the beneficence of the rich. If then we permit the devastating power of modern weaponry to spread through this combustible human landscape, we invite a conflagration that can engulf both rich and poor. The only hope for the future lies in co-operative international action, legitimized by democracy. It is time to turn our backs on the unilateral search for security, in which we seek to shelter behind walls. Instead, we must persist in the quest for united action to counter both global warming and a weaponized world. These twin goals will constitute vital components of stability as we move toward the wider degree of social justice that alone gives hope of peace.

36. The Nobel Prize For Physics (1901-1996) The following is a complete listing of nobel Prize awards, from the Joseph H. Taylorand subsequent tests of GR 1994 bertram N. brockhouse Neutron scattering http://physics.hallym.ac.kr/education/faq/nobel.html

[Physics FAQ] updated 9-OCT-1996 by PEG updated 12-OCT-1994 by SIC original by Scott I. Chase The Nobel Prize for Physics (1901-1996) The following is a complete listing of Nobel Prize awards, from the first award in 1901. Prizes were not awarded in every year. The description following the names is an abbreviation of the official citation.

37. The Nobel Prize For Physics (1901-1996) The following is a complete listing of nobel Prize awards, from the first awardin 1901. 1994, bertram N. brockhouse Clifford G. Shull, Neutron scattering http://physics.hallym.ac.kr/education/faq/nobel_html.html

The Nobel Prize for Physics (1901-1996) The following is a complete listing of Nobel Prize awards, from the first award in 1901. Prizes were not awarded in every year. The description following the names is an abbreviation of the official citation. Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen X-rays Hendrik Antoon Lorentz Pieter Zeeman Magnetism in radiation phenomena Antoine Henri Bequerel Pierre Curie Marie Sklodowska-Curie Spontaneous radioactivity Lord Rayleigh (a.k.a. John William Strutt) Density of gases and discovery of argon Pilipp Eduard Anton von Lenard Cathode rays Joseph John Thomson Conduction of electricity by gases Albert Abraham Michelson Precision meteorological investigations Gabriel Lippman Reproducing colors photographically based on the phenomenon of interference Guglielmo Marconi Carl Ferdinand Braun Wireless telegraphy Johannes Diderik van der Waals Equation of state of fluids Wilhelm Wien Laws of radiation of heat Nils Gustaf Dalen Automatic gas flow regulators Heike Kamerlingh Onnes Matter at low temperature Max von Laue Crystal diffraction of X-rays William Henry Bragg William Lawrence Bragg X-ray analysis of crystal structure no award Charles Glover Barkla Characteristic X-ray spectra of elements Max Planck Energy quanta Johannes Stark Splitting of spectral lines in E fields Charles-Edouard Guillaume Anomalies in nickel steel alloys Albert Einstein Photoelectric Effect Niels Bohr Structure of atoms Robert Andrew Millikan Elementary charge of electricity Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn

38. Boston Globe Online / Table Of Contents California scientist George Olah has won the 1994 nobel Prize in chemistry. Shull,who will share the $930,000 prize with bertram N. brockhouse of McMaster http://www.boston.com/globe/search/stories/nobel/1994/1994h.html

Archives Big Dig Book Reviews Boston Capital ... Week in Photos Search the Globe: Today Yesterday MIT PHYSICIST SHARES NOBEL FOR ANALYSIS OF MATTER WITH NEUTRONS Author: By Scott Allen, Globe Staff Date: Thursday, October 13, 1994 Page: Section: METRO CAMBRIDGE One of the first researchers to find a peaceful use for nuclear power, Clifford G. Shull of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, will share this year's Nobel Prize in physics for discoveries so basic that some colleagues had feared his accomplishment was being taken for granted. During the first decade after World War II, Shull, 79, harnessed the shower of neutrons produced in a nuclear reaction to analyze the atomic structure of solids and liquids. Shull's neutron scattering technique paved the way for a host of modern discoveries, from plastics to better computer memories to biological tests. "I'm really happy they finally discovered his work. With something as fundamental as this, it's easy to forget who discovered it," said a Nobel laureate, Jerome I. Friedman of MIT, who, along with MIT's dean of science, Robert J. Birgeneau, nominated Shull for the physics prize this year. Also yesterday, the Swedish academy of science announced that University of Southern California scientist George Olah has won the 1994 Nobel Prize in chemistry.

39. NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS of where atoms 'are' and bertram N. brockhouse the Essentially, Mr. brockhouse andMr. Shull helped answer nuclear power debate kept the nobel committee from http://members.tripod.com/unifier2/nobelprizesframes.html

NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS IN PHYSICS Year Winner(s) Life Dates Nationality Year Awarded For 1901 Wilhelm K. Roentgen (1845-1923) German Discovery of X rays 1902 Hendrik A. Lorentz (1853-1928) Dutch Pieter Zeeman (1865-1943) Dutch Influence of magnetism on radiation phenomena 1903 Antoine H. Becquerel (1852-1908) French Pierre Curie (1859-1906) French Marie Curie (1867-1934) French Discovery of radioactivity in uranium. Work on radioactivity based on Becquerel's discovery 1904 John Strutt (Lord Rayleigh) (1842-1919) British Studies on density of gases; discovery (with Sir William Ramsay) of argon 1905 Philipp Lenard (1862-1947) Hungarian Work on cathode rays 1906 Sir Joseph J. Thomson (1856-1940) British Conduction of electricity through gases 1907 Albert A. Michelson (1852-1931) American Optical precision instruments and studies made with them 1908 Gabriel Lippmann (1845-1921) French Color photography based on interference 1909 Guglielmo Marconi (1874-1937) Italian Karl F. Braun (1850-1918) German

40. Univ. Of Kansas Crystallography Laboratory Nobel Laureates multiwire proportional chamber. 1994, Physics, bertram N. brockhouse. Last modifiedSeptember 5, 2002 http//www.msg.ku.edu/~xraylab/notes/nobel.html. http://www.msg.ku.edu/~xraylab/notes/nobel.html

Crystallography Home Page Manuals Facilities ... Publications Nobel Laureates in Crystallography Physics discovering X-rays Physics Max von Laue diffraction of X-rays by crystals Physics Sir William Henry Bragg William Lawrence Bragg crystal structure determinations Physics Charles Glover Barkla characteristic radiation of the elements Physics Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn X-ray spectroscopy Physics Arthur Holly Compton inelastic scattering Physics Prince Louis-Victor P. R. de Broglie wave nature of electrons Chemistry Peter Josephus Wilhelmus Debye investigations on dipole moments and diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases Physics Clinton Joseph Davisson George Paget Thomson diffraction of electrons by crystals Chemistry James Batcheller Sumner crystallization of enzymes Chemistry Linus Carl Pauling nature of the chemical bond Chemistry Max Ferdinand Perutz John Cowdery Kendrew structures of globular proteins Medicine Francis Harry Compton Crick James Dewey Watson Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material Chemistry Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin structures of important biochemical substances Chemistry William N. Lipscomb

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