81. Links Of Mathematicians Of The African Diaspora SACNAS biographies of mathematicians. AISES American indian Science and Engineering Society http://www.math.buffalo.edu/mad/madlinks.html

RELATED LINKS on MINORITIES in MATHEMATICS and THE SCIENCES African American Math Resources African Math Resources Women Math Resources Ethnomathematics Links ... SECOND LINK PAGE African American Math Links NAM National Association of Mathematicians the African American Mathematics Organization SUMMA Archive of Minority Mathematicians - The MAA's SUMMA main page - SUMMA Committee on Minority Participation in Mathematics African Americans in the Mathematical Sciences AARMS email LISTSERV: request "subscribe" at aarms@lists.Colorado.EDU Benjamin Banneker Network Mathematics U Penn's Claytor and Woodard Website - dedicated to two of the first blacks anywhere to get a Ph.D. in Math The Faces of Science African Americans in the Sciences CAARMS- The Conference for African and American Researchers in the Mathematical Sciences: June 2002 at Princeton University CAARMS CAARMS-The Council for African and American Researchers in the Mathematical Sciences Online Sources of Information on African-Americans in the Sciences HBCU Mathematics Departments Online Open Door Directory of University Math and Science Departments ... Mathematicians of the African Diaspora (MAD) - these pages Black Mathematics Research ListServ Black Alumni of MIT BAMIT African Math Links African Mathematical Union AMU Newsletters of AMU Commission on History of Mathematics in Africa AMUCHMA Afrika Matematica , the First Pan-African Mathematical Journal Swahili Math measurement African Diaspora and Science History African Fractals Africa's Indigenous Knowledge ... African Technology Forum AAAS:

82. Vidyapatha Indian Scientists India's Largest Portal On Some mathematicians claimed that zero divided by zero was zero. Others claimed itto be unity. It was the indian mathematician Bhaskara who proved that it is http://www.vidyapatha.com/scientists/ramanujun.php

Vidyapatha Home About Us Indian Institutes Indian Universities ... Contact Us Channels Vidyapatha Mail Vidyapatha News Indian Scientists Vicharpatha ... Next S.Ramanujun The arithmetic class was in progress. The teacher was solving questions on division. On the blackboard were drawn three bananas. "We have three bananas, " the teacher said, "and we i have three boys.Can you tell me how many each will get?" A smart boy in the front row replied, "Each will get one." "Right, " the teacher said. "Now, similarly, if 1,000 i bananas are distributed among 1,000 boys, each will get one, Isn't that so?" While the teacher was explaining, a boy sitting in one corner raised his hand and stood up. The teacher stopped and waited for the boy to speak. "Sir, " the boy asked, "if no banana is distributed among no one, will everyone still get one banana?" There was a roar of laughter in the class. What a silly question to ask! "Quiet," the teacher said loudly and thumped the desk. "There's nothing to laugh at. I will just explain what he means to say. For the division of bananas, we divided three by three, saying that each boy will get one banana. Similarly, we divided 1,000 by 1,000 to get one. What he is asking is that if zero banana is divided among zero, will each one get one? The answer is 'no'. Mathematically, each will get an infinite number of bananas!"

83. FMC: The Indian Perspective FMC The indian Perspective. at the “Future of Mathematical Communication (overTelecommunication Media)” from the perspective of mathematicians working in http://www.imsc.ernet.in/~kapil/essays/fmc/fmc.html

FMC: The Indian Perspective Kapil Hari Paranjape November 25, 1999 Abstract This is the text of a talk to be presented at the conference on the Future of Mathematical Communication at MSRI, Berekeley Dec. 1999. Bandwidth The primary access that most mathematics departments in India have to internet services is through a dial-up link at 38.4 KBps or less. Thus it is of some importance that mathematical content that is intended for this audience should take such bandwidth into account. This means limiting the use of graphics, streaming audio/video and other forms of multimedia . However, I feel this should not affect mathematical communication much for the following reasons. Very few mathematical papers even today use the two dimensional nature of print, let alone three or four dimension provided by high-end graphics and multimedia. By the time these tools acquire the precision required to communicate mathematics we should have a more equitable world order in terms of bandwidth availability. Graphics or programs Most mathematicians would like to see the thought/calculation/program that produced a particular graphical result and not be limited to the result itself. Thus it would be far preferable (in mathematical communication) to embed in a document the actual steps of computation rather than the result of the computation alone. This assumes that the receiver has access to computational facilities comparable to those of the sender. (Examples of such use are sending compressed text, use of Java, Perl or other multiplatform languages to send the program). An assumption of reasonable computing power at the finger-tips of the end-user is far more valid today than the assumption that all the end-users have access to similar network bandwidth.

84. Mathematicians Born In India mathematicians born in India mathematicians' birthplaces are given relative to modernday boundaries. Click on the name below to go to the biography. Click HERE to see a clickable map of India and Pakistan. JOC/EFR/BS January 1998 Famous curves index. mathematicians of the day. Timelines http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/BirthplaceMaps/Countries/India.html

Mathematicians born in India Mathematicians' birthplaces are given relative to modern-day boundaries. Click on the name below to go to the biography. Apastamba Aryabhata I Aryabhata II Baudhayana ... Yavanesvara Click HERE to see a clickable map of India and Pakistan. Places Index Birthplace Maps Index Countries Index Main index ... Societies, honours, etc. JOC/EFR/BS January 1998 The URL of this page is: http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/BirthplaceMaps/India.html

85. Mathematicians Born In India mathematicians born in India. mathematicians' birthplaces are given relativeto modernday boundaries. mathematicians of the day, Timelines. http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/BirthplaceMaps/Countries/India.html

Mathematicians born in India Mathematicians' birthplaces are given relative to modern-day boundaries. Click on the name below to go to the biography. Apastamba Aryabhata I Aryabhata II Baudhayana ... Yavanesvara Click HERE to see a clickable map of India and Pakistan. Places Index Birthplace Maps Index Countries Index Main index ... Societies, honours, etc. JOC/EFR/BS January 1998 The URL of this page is: http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/BirthplaceMaps/India.html

86. History Of Mathematics India This page is currently unavailable. http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/mathhist/india.html

This page is currently unavailable.

87. INDIA'S CONTRIBUTION TO MATHEMATICS (ALGEBRA, ALGORITHM, GEOMETRY, TRIGNOMETRY & Between 1000 BC and 1000 AD various treatises on mathematics were authored by Indianmathematicians in which were set forth for the first time, the concept of http://www.hindubooks.org/sudheer_birodkar/india_contribution/maths.html

Search Ancient India's Contribution to Mathematics "India was the motherland of our race and Sanskrit the mother of Europe's languages. India was the mother of our philosophy, of much of our mathematics, of the ideals embodied in Christianity... of self-government and democracy. In many ways, Mother India is the mother of us all." - Will Durant - American Historian 1885-1981 Mathematics represents a high level of abstraction attained by the human mind. In India, mathematics has its roots in Vedic literature which is nearly 4000 years old. Between 1000 B.C. and 1000 A.D. various treatises on mathematics were authored by Indian mathematicians in which were set forth for the first time, the concept of zero, the techniques of algebra and algorithm, square root and cube root. This method of graduated calculation was documented in the Pancha-Siddhantika (Five Principles) in the 5th Century But the technique is said to be dating from Vedic times circa 2000 B.C. Table of Contents Home Introduction Chapter 1: Production Technology and Mechanical Engineering Chapter 2 Shipbuilding and Navigation Chapter 3 Architecture and Civil Engineering You are currently viewing Chapter 4 on Mathematics Chapter 5 Astronomy Chapter 6 Physics and Chemistry Chapter 7 Medical Science Chapter 8 Fine Arts Chapter 9 Sports and Games Chapter 10 Philosophy Chapter 11 Summing Up Glossary Sanskrit-English Glossary Next Book A Search for Our Present in History As in the applied sciences like production technology, architecture and shipbilding, Indians in ancient times also made advances in abstract sciences like Mathematics and Astronomy. It has now been generally accepted that the technique of algebra and the concept of zero originated in India.

88. Muslim Scientists And Islamic Civilization Extensive information resource on Muslim contributions to science, mathematics, astronomy, and philosophy Category Society Religion and Spirituality Islam Science in Islam......MUSLIM SCIENTISTS AND ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION Scientific ContributionsBefore European Renaissance, 700 1500 CE. The material linked http://cyberistan.org/islamic/

MUSLIM SCIENTISTS AND ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION Scientific Contributions Before European Renaissance, 700 - 1500 C.E. The material linked on this page may not be edited, rewritten, or published. E-BOOKS Islamic Civilization Muslim History Dhul-Qarnain and Ya'juj wa Ma'juj Muslims in the Indian Subcontinent ... The Glorious Qur'an: English Narration of its Meaning Welcome to the web page on Muslim contribution to humanity and Islamic Civilization. This page is dedicated to those Muslims whose multi-disciplinary contributions sparked the light of learning and productivity and without whom the European Renaissance would not have begun and come to maturity. Their contributions are rarely mentioned in formal education, and if at all mentioned their names are Latinized or changed with the effect of obscuring their identity and origin, and their association with the Islamic Civilization. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Quotations from Famous Historians of Science Translators of Scientific Knowledge in the Middle Ages Latinized and English Names of Arabic Origin Cities of Muslim Scientists, 700 TO 1500 C.E. ... Setting the Record Straight: Islamic Science O mankind! We created you from a single (pair) of a male and a female and made you into nations and tribes that ye may know each other (not that ye may despise each other). Verily the most honored of you in the sight of Allah is (he who is) the most righteous of you. And

89. Geometry In Ancient And Medieval India/T.A. Sarasvati Amma In their search for a sufficiently good approximation for the value of py Indianmathematicians had discovered the tool of integration, which they used equally http://www.vedamsbooks.com/no14207.htm

Geometry in Ancient and Medieval India/T.A. Sarasvati Amma. 2nd revised edition. 1999, 277 p., ISBN 81-208-1344-8. "This book is a geometrical survey of the Samskrit and Prakrt scientific and quasi-scientific literature of India beginning with the Vedic literature and ending with the early part of the 17th century. It deals in detail with the Sulbasutras in the Vedic literature, with the mathematical parts of Jaina Canonical works and of the Hindu Siddhantas and with the contributions to geometry made by the astronomer mathematicians Aryabhata I & II, Sripati, Bhaskara I & II, Sangamagrama Madhava, Paramesvara, Nilakantha, his disciples and a ahost of others. The works of the mathematicians Mahavira, Sridhara and Narayana Pandita and the Bakshali Manuscript have also been studied. "The work seeks to explode the theory that the Indian mathematical genius was predominantly algebraic and computational and that it eschewed proofs and rationales. There was a school in India which delighted to demonstrate even algebraical results geometrically. In their search for a sufficiently good approximation for the value of py Indian mathematicians had discovered the tool of integration, which they used equally effectively for finding the surface area and volume of a sphere and in other fields. This discovery of integration was the sequel of the inextricable blending of geometry and series mathematics." (jacket) Return to History and Politics of India Catalogue: New Additions

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