21. Math Forum - Ask Dr. Math But it is unlikely that his work was known to european mathematiciansbefore the nineteenth century. The Arab mathematician AlKhwarizm http://mathforum.org/library/drmath/view/57420.html

Associated Topics Dr. Math Home Search Dr. Math Quadratic Formula, Distributive Property Date: 06/02/97 at 13:09:42 From: Domous Subject: What is so special about the quadratic formula? I would like to know if the quadratic formula is as important as the distributive property for solving equations. I would also like to know who invented it. Does Descartes have anything to do with this? http://mathforum.org/dr.math/ Associated Topics Middle School Algebra Middle School History/Biography Search the Dr. Math Library: Find items containing (put spaces between keywords): Click only once for faster results: [ Choose "whole words" when searching for a word like age. all keywords, in any order at least one, that exact phrase parts of words whole words Submit your own question to Dr. Math Math Forum Home Math Library Quick Reference ... Math Forum Search Ask Dr. Math TM http://mathforum.org/dr.math/

22. IMU Bulletin No. 42, Special Issue Postage stamps Issue of stamps representing european mathematicians. Whereverpossible, concerted action between countries or on the European level. http://emis.icm.edu.pl/mirror/IMU/bulletin/42/wmy2000.html

IMU Bulletin no. 42, Special Issue, July 1998 Year 2000: World Mathematical Year Activities Transcript from the IMU Newsletter WMY2000 Institutions Countries INSTITUTIONS INTERNATIONAL MATHEMATICAL UNION (IMU) Mathematics Tomorrow V. Arnold, M. Atiyah, P. Lax and B. Mazur are coordinating the preparation of a book of articles by prominent mathematicians on how they see the prospects of mathematics in the coming century Contact: V. Arnold arnold@ceremade.dauphine.fr arnold@genesis.mi.ras.ru Jacob Palis ( jpalis@impa.br Web page: http://elib.zib/de/imu/wmy INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION FOR THE MATHEMATICAL INSTRUCTION (ICMI) International Congress on the Teaching of Mathematics (ICME-9) July 31 - August 7, 2000, Makuhari/Chiba (Japan) Contact : Mogens Niss, MN@mmf.ruc.dk ICMI WMY 2000 Committee Contact: Miguel de Guzman, mdeguzman@bitmailer.net INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS (ICHM) Memory of Mathematicians Creation of a public database containing for each mathematician a description of the locations where original documents concerning him or her are stored Helene.Gispert@ghdso.u-psud.fr

23. Committees Of The EMS I. Diaz, Alfio Quarteroni, alfio.quarteroni@epfl.ch. Support of East european mathematicians(EC responsible member Olli Martio, Email olli.martio@helsinki.fi). http://emis.icm.edu.pl/committees.html

Committees of the European Mathematical Society Committee List Executive Committee Applied Mathematics Developing Countries Education ... European Research Centres of Mathematics (ERCOM) General Meetings General Purposes Group on Relations with European Institutions Publications ... Women and Mathematics History Former Executive Committees Addresses Addresses of Committee Chairs and Executive Committee Members Last updated February 10, 2003 Comments to: emis@math.tu-berlin.de Executive Committee of the EMS for the term 2003-2004 Term of office Email President: Sir John Kingman Address director@newton.cam.ac.uk Vice President: Bodil Branner Address B.branner@mat.dtu.dk Vice President: Luc Lemaire Address llemaire@ulb.ac.be Secretary: Helge Holden Address holden@math.ntnu.no Treasurer: Olli Martio Address olli.martio@helsinki.fi Member: Victor Buchstaber Address buchstab@mendeleevo.ru Member: Doina Cioranescu Address cioran@ann.jussieu.fr Member: Pavel Exner Address exner@ujf.cas.cz Member: Address sanz@cerber.mat.ub.es Member: Mina Teicher Address teicher@macs.biu.ac.il

24. NA Digest Thursday, October 15, 1987 Volume 87 : Issue 73 from you, John Carroll ~~~~~ EUROMATH ~~~~~ THE INTEGRATED DATABASEAND COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM FOR european mathematicians The objective of http://www.netlib.org/na-digest-html/87/v87n73.html

NA Digest Thursday, October 15, 1987 Volume 87 : Issue 73 This weeks Editor: Cleve Moler Today's Topics: Faculty Positions at University of Utah Addendum to the Fortran 8x Announcement Software for Generalized Eigenproblem Alternative to EISPACK ... Kyoto Supercomputer Symposium Date: Thu 8 Oct 87 08:43:03-MDT Subject: Faculty Positions at University of Utah To: na@SCORE.STANFORD.EDU The University of Utah Math Department has several positions available. Most of these will be filled in the areas of Applied Mathematics, particularly Scientific Computing and Numerical Analysis. We may be able to hire a group of people who already work together. I'll be glad to provide any additional information. Send inquiries to Alfeld@SCIENCE.UTAH.EDU on the arpanet. Here is the official announcement: University of Utah Department of Mathematics invites applications for the following positions: 1. Three full time tenure track appointments are available. Two of these are to be at the Assistant Professor or Associate Professor rank and one is to be at the Associate Professor or Professor rank. Selection will be based

25. Committees Of The EMS A. Quarteroni. Support of East european mathematicians (EC responsiblemember Olli Martio, EMail olli.martio@helsinki.fi). Chair http://www.emis.famaf.unc.edu.ar/committees.html

Committees of the European Mathematical Society Committee List Executive Committee Applied Mathematics Developing Countries Education ... European Research Centres of Mathematics (ERCOM) General Meetings General Purposes Group on Relations with European Institutions Publications ... Women and Mathematics History Former Executive Committees Addresses Addresses of Committee Chairs and Executive Committee Members Last updated October 17, 2002 Comments to: emis@math.tu-berlin.de Executive Committee of the EMS for the term 2001-2002 Term of office E-mail President: Rolf Jeltsch Address jeltsch@sam.math.ethz.ch Vice President: Bodil Branner Address branner@mat.dtu.dk Vice President: Luc Lemaire Address llemaire@ulb.ac.be Secretary: David Brannan Address D.A.Brannan@open.ac.uk Treasurer: Olli Martio Address olli.martio@helsinki.fi Member: Victor Buchstaber Address buchstab@mendeleevo.ru Member: Doina Cioranescu Address cioran@ann.jussieu.fr Member: Renzo Piccinini Address renzo@matapp.unimib.it Member: Address sanz@cerber.mat.ub.es Member: Mina Teicher Address teicher@macs.biu.ac.il

26. Western Libraries - Applied Mathematics WWW Server The Society aims to promote research in mathematics and its applicationsand to establish a sense of identity amongst european mathematicians. http://www.lib.uwo.ca/resources/appliedmathematics.shtml

More information and resources can be found in the Library Catalogue Problems with links? Feedback? Please let us know Contents: Websites Organizations/Associations Directories Encyclopedias ... Current Contents Licensed to UWO users only Updated Weekly (Current + 3 Previous Years) The Current Contents Connect database is a multidisciplinary current awareness resource that provides access to bibliographic information and cited references for more than 8,000 of the world's leading scholarly journals, more than 2,000 books, and a growing collection of websites. JSTOR (Journal Storage) Licensed to UWO users only Provides access to full-text, full-image, scholarly literature. The growing database contains the archives of major research journals in a variety of academic disciplines. It offers the scanned image of each journal page as it was originally designed, printed, and illustrated. MathSciNet (1940-current) Licensed to UWO users only Updated Monthly a product of the American Mathematical Society which consists of reviews and citations to the world's research literature in mathematics, applied mathematics, statistical sciences and computer science. References are compiled from Mathematical Reviews and Current Mathematical Publications. Reviews are included for references since 1980, and bibliographic information for articles back to 1940 are available. The 'Current Mathematical Publications'[CMP] segment is updated daily. Once a reference has been reviewed, the 'Mathematical Reviews' entry replaces the CMP entry. Mathematical

27. Myths, Lies, And Truths Rouse simply ignored, or was ingnorant of, the Sulbasutras (~800 BC),already known to european mathematicians of his time. Kline http://www.math.buffalo.edu/mad/myths_lies.html

MYTHS, LIES, AND TRUTHS ABOUT Third U.S. president Thomas Jefferson in 1792 (when he was Secretary of State): "Comparing them by their faculties of memory, reason, and imagination, it appears to me that in memory [the Negro] are equal to the whites; in reason much inferior, as I think one could scarcely be found capable of tracing and comprehending the investigations of Euclid; and that in imagination they are dull, tasteless, and anomalous." Present day AND ancient achievements contradict such statments. In response, these web page have been created to exhibit accomplishments of the peoples of Africa and the African Diaspora within the Mathematical Sciences. Mathematics Historian W. Rouse Ball : The history of mathematics cannot with certainty be traced back to any school or period before that of the ... Greeks. Mathematician Morris Kline : [The Egyptians] barely recognized mathematics as a distinct discipline ... [Mathematics] finally secured a new grip on life in the highly congenial soil of Greece and waxed strongly for a short period . . . With the decline of Greek civilization the plant remained dormant for a thousand years . . . when he plant was transported to Europe proper and once more imbedded in fertile soil. [Also see Mathematical Thought from Ancient to Modern Times

28. Egyptian Fractions - Mathematicians Of The African Diaspora However, to the victor goes the spoils; ie, prior to the discovery of the Rhindpapyrus, egyptian fractions were thought, by european mathematicians, to come http://www.math.buffalo.edu/mad/Ancient-Africa/mad_egyptian-fractions.html

Egyptian Fractons You may find it amazing that fractions, as we know them, barely existed, for the european civilization, until the 17'th century. Even in the 19th century, a method called russian peasant fractions, was the same used by the Europeans since they met the African, and the Egyptians at least since 4000BC in Egypt. As the method was found on several papyrus, we now call this technique egyptian fractions . Let us agree to call a number a unit fraction if it has form 1/n , where n is a positive integer. An egyptian fraction is an expression of the sum of unit fractions 1/a + 1/b + 1/c + ... , where the denominators a,b,c, ... are increasing. An egyptian number is any number equal which can be expressed as the sum of an integer plus the sum of an Egyptian fraction. Here are some egyptian fractions:1/2 + 1/3 (so 5/6 is an egyptian number), 1/3 + 1/11 + 1/231 (so 3/7 is an egyptian number), 3 + 1/8 + 1/60 + 1/5280 (so 749/5280 is an egyptian number). The egyptians also made note of the fraction 2/3. 1/5 + 1/37 + 1/4070 and 1/6 + 1/22 + 1/66 are regarded as different egyptian fractions even though the sum of each is 5/22.

29. Euromath Support Center Distribution and support of Euromath software (Bratislava, Slovak Republic). Unix version free to download.Category Science Math Software...... EUROMATH is a project to enhance research support for european mathematicians andto stimulate interchange among them by creating a research environment based http://www.dcs.fmph.uniba.sk/~emt/

Euromath Support Center Euromath Support Center is taking part in the Euromath Project, a project of the European Mathematical Trust and to offer user support in all of Europe in relation to EUROMATH. EUROMATH is a project to enhance research support for european mathematicians and to stimulate interchange among them by creating a research environment based on modern information technology. The project aims to produce both software and services. Also the Euromath Bulletin is printed in frame of this project. The foremost aim of the Bulletin is to disseminate useful information to the European mathematical community on the use of computers in assisting mathematicians in various tasks. The Bulletin also informs regularly on developments in the Euromath Project. The EUROMATH system is a homogeneous working environment adapted to the needs of the mathematician, based on a single data model. The system is designed to incorporate an editor capable of handling mathematical documents, accessing and creating mathematical databases, an electronic mail interface and computer algebra capability. The EUROMATH system is built upon the WYSIWYG approach and the full XML-compatibility of the WYSIWYG structured editor (also EUROMATH editor) based on the structured Thot editor. Support for XML and additional functionality (also EUROMATH applications) has been developed by a number of partners. Organisations involved in the development of EUROMATH include:

30. EMS And SIAM Plan Joint Activities Among EMS's scientific activities, all geared toward the emergence of a commonidentity among european mathematicians, is the European Mathematical Congress http://www.siam.org/siamnews/09-99/ems.htm

SIAM News Quick Search: Rolf Jeltsch, an applied mathematician at ETH Zürich, sees in his election as EMS president an indication that EMS intends to become more active in applied mathematics. With that prospect in mind, he says, he looks forward to many joint EMS-SIAM activities. EMS and SIAM Plan Joint Activities Rolf Jeltsch I am very happy to have this opportunity to introduce the European Mathematical Society to SIAM members. At ICIAM 99 in Edinburgh, Gil Strang and Jim Crowley of SIAM met with Heinz Engl (chair of the Applications of Mathematics Committee of EMS) and me (EMS president in 1999-2002) to discuss cooperation between our societies. One of the possibilities we considered is a joint conference in Europe. For EMS, this would be the first major conference in applied mathematics. We also discussed the introduction of an EMS/SIAM lecture series in applied mathematics, similar to a series EMS is already running on a biannual basis. This article, and a similar column being prepared for the EMS Newsletter by SIAM president Gil Strang to introduce SIAM to EMS members, mark the real beginning of our cooperation. Founded in 1990, EMS is a rather young organisation, far younger than SIAM. Being young means that most things do not yet run along well-established paths. This might be seen as a disadvantage, but it also has a positive aspect, namely lots of room for new initiatives.

31. Exercises In Oceanography Leonhard Euler. one of the greatest european mathematicians, was born on 15 April,1707 in Basel, Switzerland. was one of the greatest european mathematicians. http://gaea.es.flinders.edu.au/~mattom/IntExerc/advanced2/quest01.html

Exercise 2: Graphic display methods for ocean currents. Page 1 In contrast to temperature or salinity, which can each be described by a single quantity, currents are only fully described through two quantities, such as east and north components, or speed and direction. Ocean properties such as temperature and salinity are called scalars , ocean properties such as currents are called vectors . This exercise demonstrates various ways to display vectors in graphs and maps. Vectors can be displayed in two fundamentally different ways. Both were developed at nearly the same time during the 18th century. The first method was developed by Leonhard Euler and is now known as the Eulerian approach. Leonhard Euler one of the greatest European mathematicians, was born on 15 April, 1707 in Basel, Switzerland. He became an associate of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences at the age of 20 and professor six years later (he succeeded Daniel Bernoulli in the chair of mathematics) in 1733. Working long and late hours made him loose the sight of one eye in 1735. In 1741 he moved to Berlin to become a member of the Berlin Academy, but in 1766 he left the employment of Frederick the Great to return to Catharina II in St. Petersburg. He soon lost the sight of his other eye and from then on developed his many theorems and theoretical works, such as his theory of lunar motion of 1772, doing all calculations in his head. Euler died in St. Petersburg on 18 September, 1783. He left 856 books and articles, most of them in Latin, on subjects from general calculus to problems of mechanics, optics, acoustics and astronomy. Russia's strong mathematical tradition has its origins in Euler's work during his residence in St. Petersburg.

32. IslamiCity.com - A Sine On The Road To Makkah Even if european mathematicians had worked on the qiblafinding problem, he argues,they would not have stumbled on a solution that was directly inspired by a http://islamicity.com/science/A_Sine_on_the_Road_Mecca.shtml

window.document.write(sHeaderHTML) Quran Sunnah Radio Cyber TV ... Membership [FMP-INCLUDE:/global/TractInteract.htm] Search IslamiCity: Search Scope: + Quran Search + Phonetic Search + Hadith Search + Mosque Search + Media Search + Bazaar Search + Articles Search + Glossary Search + FP Archive Search Members Download Members Login Explore IslamiCity Communications Education Center Multimedia Center Travel Center ... Education A Sine On the Road to Makkah Turn then thy face towards the Sacred Mosque: wherever ye are, turn your faces towards it... (Qur'an 2: 144) Cartographic grid, likely of 17th-century origin, gives the distance and direction to Mecca (center) for any place in the Islamic world. Detail shows the pointer, marked with a distance scale; the grid scale (at top of grid) ; and names of localities. Images courtesy of Christie’s, London. For centuries, Muslims all over the world have obeyed this command from the Koran, facing Mecca five times a day for prayer. But for a Muslim who is thousands of miles from Mecca, finding the right direction to pray—the

33. 3ecm BARCELONA 2000 Speech By MANUEL CASTELLET President Of The when some of us made contact with André Lichnerowicz, Beno Eckmann or Paul Malliavin,to choose just three truly significant names of european mathematicians. http://www.crm.es/GeneralDescription/discurs.htm

3ecm BARCELONA 2000 Catalonia is a small country in surface area and population, a country which never had a strong mathematical tradition. If you consult the Zentralblatt für Mathematik or the Mathematical Reviews for the 1970s you will notice that the probability of finding an article by a Catalan mathematician, even by a Spanish one, is effectively less than any epsilon. But now, 25 years later, there is an abundance of Catalan mathematical research published in prestigious journals, and there are outstanding Catalan mathematicians in all areas. Doubtless this situation is fruit not only of the labours of recent generations of Catalan mathematicians, but also of the efforts of our whole society and of the recent entry of the country into the current democratic framework. But this alone would not be sufficient. It must also be because the famous phrase from Cicero’s Tusculanae suits us perfectly: "Nature has placed in our spirit an insatiable desire to know the truth’’. Let me now give a brief review of our mathematical history in Catalonia.

34. Science In India: History Of Mathematics: Indian Mathematicians And Astronomers, Describes Indian mathematicians such as Aryabhatta who modelled the solar system, Bhaskar, Varahamira, Category Science Math History...... Madhava (14th C, Kochi) made important mathematical discoveries that would notbe identified by european mathematicians till at least two centuries later. http://members.tripod.com/~INDIA_RESOURCE/mathematics.htm

Get Four DVDs for $.49 each. Join now. Tell me when this page is updated SOUTH ASIAN HISTORY Pages from the history of the Indian sub-continent: Science and Mathematics in India History of Mathematics in India In all early civilizations, the first expression of mathematical understanding appears in the form of counting systems. Numbers in very early societies were typically represented by groups of lines, though later different numbers came to be assigned specific numeral names and symbols (as in India) or were designated by alphabetic letters (such as in Rome). Although today, we take our decimal system for granted, not all ancient civilizations based their numbers on a ten-base system. In ancient Babylon, a sexagesimal (base 60) system was in use. The Decimal System in Harappa In India a decimal system was already in place during the Harappan period, as indicated by an analysis of Harappan weights and measures. Weights corresponding to ratios of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, and 500 have been identified, as have scales with decimal divisions. A particularly notable characteristic of Harappan weights and measures is their remarkable accuracy. A bronze rod marked in units of 0.367 inches points to the degree of precision demanded in those times. Such scales were particularly important in ensuring proper implementation of town planning rules that required roads of fixed widths to run at right angles to each other, for drains to be constructed of precise measurements, and for homes to be constructed according to specified guidelines. The existence of a gradated system of accurately marked weights points to the development of trade and commerce in Harappan society.

35. Future Conferences Europe. It will provide an excellent opportunity for the participantsto make friends and meet famous european mathematicians. In http://elib.zib.de/IMU/ICMI/bulletin/39/FutureConferences.html

FUTURE CONFERENCES 1st ACTM, December 1995 The 1st Asian Technology Conference in Mathematics will be held in Singapore 18-21 December 1995. The conference will be hosted by the Association of Mathematics Educators, Singapore, in conjunction with the Nanyang Technical University, National Institute of Education, Singapore, and Radford University, Virginia, USA. Abstracts not exceeding 200 words should be sent to Fong Ho Kheong Chair, ACTM 95 Organizing Committee Nanyang Technological University National Institute of Education 469 Bukit Timah Road Singapore 1025 Phone: +65-460 5310 Fax: +65-469 8952 fonghk@nievax.nie.ac.sg and to Wei-Chi Yang Chair, ACTM 95, IPC Department of Mathematics and Statistics Radford University Radford, VA 24142, USA Phone: +1-703-831 5332 or 5670 Fax: +1-703-831 6452 wyang@mathstat.ms.runet.edu SEACME 7, June 1996 The Seventh South East Asian Conference on Mathematics Education will be held at Hanoi University of Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam, 3-7 June 1996. The organising institutions include the Hanoi University of Technology, the Hanoi Pedagogical Institute No. 1, the Hanoi University, the Research Institute of Education Science, and the Vietnamese Mathematical Society. The themes of SEACME 7 are Mathematics education in upper secondary schools, and Mathematics education for mathematicians, scientists and engineers, social scientists, and mathematics teachers. The programme will include invited lectures (delivered by international experts), working groups, topic groups, workshops, national presentations, and posters. Exhibitions of textbooks, software and other types of material are being plannned as well. The conference languages will be English and French.

36. Les Mathematiques Sur Internet EuropeanArab Congress of Mathematicians (with contributions from historians). Postagestamps Issue of stamps representing european mathematicians. http://gauss.math.ucl.ac.be/~revue/index.year.html

Year 2000 : World Mathematical Year : Projets INTERNATIONAL MATHEMATICAL UNION (IMU) Mathematics Tomorrow . V. Arnold, M. Atiyah, P. Lax and B. Mazur are coordinating the preparation of a book of articles by prominent mathematicians on how they see the prospects of mathematics in the coming century . Contact: Jacob Palis, jpalis@impa.br . Web page: http://elib.zib/de/imu/wmy INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION FOR THE MATHEMATICAL INSTRUCTION (ICMI) International Congress on the Teaching of Mathematics (ICME-9) July 31 - August 7, 2000, Makuhari/Chiba (Japan) . Contact: Mogens Niss, MN@mmf.ruc.dk ICMI WMY 2000 Committee . Contact: Miguel de Guzman, mdeguzman@bitmailer.net INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS (ICHM) BACHELIER FINANCE SOCIETY BERNOULLI SOCIETY for MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS and PROBABILITIES World Congress of the Bernoulli Society . May 15-20, 2000, Guanajato (Mexico) . Five Year 2000 Conferences : Causality, Ecology and Environment, Financial Mathematics, Neural Networks and Learning, Quantum Stochastics, Stochastic Geometry and Imaging EUROPEAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY (EMS) Alhambra 2000 (in collaboration with CIMPA (Nice, France))

37. Prologue In fact there are several young european mathematicians with PhD in places likePrinceton for whom this RTN activity is most significant in their decision to http://www.hyke.org/Presentation/FPrologue.html

HY perbolic and K inetic E quations : Asymptotics, Numerics, Analysis Map of the network Home ... Training Prologue This relatively large network of 15 groups with satellites in 12 countries has essentially been created by the two thematically close, but complementary former TMR networks Hyperbolic Conservation Laws and Asymptotic Methods in Kinetic Theory which had a successful research training collaboration e.g. by several joint TMR summerschools and conferences. Some key scientists of the thematically close TMR network Viscosity Solutions and Their Applications have been added to the new network, among them the former coordinator, a Fields medalist. The important research training capacity and experience of these networks which is significantly enhanced by the synergetic joining to one coherent activity assert the capacity that HYKE is able to play a positive role for the European Research Area (ERA). In accordance with the text of the call, the funding of 1.5 Million Euro has been exceeded purely for training need in order that each of the participating groups can host at least one young researcher for the 3 years. In fact, the HYKE teams with about 10 and more key staff members per team could easily deliver much more "European added value" research training. The network is relatively big, in the sense of a flexible structure, not in the sense of a dinosaur~: e.g. this very community perfectly survived the major shock when about ten years ago one of its anchor projects, the HERMES space shuttle, was suddenly stopped for political reasons. Without any rupture or sign of being doomed, an immediate orientation to new applications took place. This flexibility is a central feature of the complementary and interdisciplinary mathematical training of HYKE. The applied mathematicians trained in this network will have the very geographic and scientific mobility which is vital in a changing globally competitive environment.

38. Art-nsb.html HTML Export From Euromath The system was envisaged as being designed for european mathematicians in particularand thus of course it should be able to deal with documents or data in the http://www.maths.tcd.ie/~richardt/euromath/elpub97rt.html

Euromath system: alphabets and fonts Author Richard M. Timoney School of Mathematics Trinity College Dublin 2 Ireland richardt@maths.tcd.ie Date April 1997 Abstract We describe some of the principles behind the design of the Euromath system, concentrating on some aspects that are needed to explain how the system deals with alphabets and fonts and are not immediately apparent from a demonstration of the system. In particular we outline what an SGML DTD is and what SGML documents look like. Our aim is to describe the considerations that are relevant to fonts, the SGML-encoding of non-ascii symbols and characters and the way the Type 1 fonts needed for the Euromath system (version 2) were generated using Type 1 versions of the TeX fonts. Table of Contents Introduction to Euromath Document types Text in SGML System design Fonts References Introduction to Euromath As there are opportunities during the workshop to see the Euromath system working, and there are published descriptions of the capabilities of the system (see and ), we concentrate on some of the aspects that are a little behind the scenes and are slightly technical.

39. Indian Contributions To American And Global Progress scholars have last year (1999) officially published that Budhayan's works dateback to the 6th Century, which is long before the european mathematicians. http://www.stephen-knapp.com/indian_contributions_to_american_progress.htm

Indian Contributions to American and Global Progress While traveling and giving lectures in India last winter (December, 2002), a few questions that were presented to me was how America seems to be so progressive, as if it is the Americans themselves and their lifestyle that should be followed. However, I pointed out that it is the inter-cultural contribution that makes the progress in America possible, including those made by Indians. The following includes a few of the points I made in answer to such questions. 1. Who is the co-founder of Sun Microsystems? Vinod Khosla. The Sun founder also had an Indian Professor in Computer Technologies at Louisiana State University. 2. Who is the creator of the Pentium chip (needs no introduction as 90% of the today's computers run on it)? Vinod Dham. 3. Who is the third richest man in the world? According to the latest report on Fortune Magazine, it is AZIM PREMJI, who is the CEO of Wipro Industries. The Sultan of Brunei is at 6th position now. 4. Who is the founder and creator of Hotmail (Hotmail is world's No.1 web based email program)? Sabeer Bhatia. 6. Who is the GM of Hewlett Packard? Rajiv Gupta.

40. Untitled Document Now this group would like to be a valid support to young european mathematiciansorganizing Pragmatic and helping them during the courses. http://www.dipmat.unict.it/~ragusa/docs/frame_pragmatic.htm

PRAGMATIC is a project for stimulating researches in Algebraic Geometry among young people specially those living in isolated centers or peripheral Universities all over the Europe. There are considerable talents in many remote parts of Europe, but since isolated they are not as effective as could be. To help them to grow will mean to insure expansion, spreading and future to Algebraic Geometry in Europe. On the other hand, to develop a large program of researches it is necessary, in addition to big central problems, to produce many branches which can give support to major questions. Pragmatic will take care of these important aspects of research in Algebraic Geometry trying to create a center for training isolated young mathematicians (and others) and helping these young scientists to find their own area of research. In pursuit these goals Pragmatic will organize a period of lectures and seminars on very concrete problems related to fundamental topics in Algebraic Geometry and on techniques to solve them. How Pragmatic works? Every year, at Mathematics Department of the University of Catania, one or two among the major experts in a specific field will be invited for one month to give a series of lectures with the purpose of preparing background, explaining fundamental results, citing references in order to suggest problems and new themes of research to a group of young participants. Then, by individual discussions and seminars, will be studied methods to attack and to try to solve them. At the end of all period the results that the participants will obtain may be published by the Mathematics Department of University of Catania on the scientific journal Le Matematiche.

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