41. MAW 97 CIPHERS The Turing Machine of the turing machine fromThe Alan Turing Home Page; FOLDOC, the Free OnLine Dictionary of Computing.......M W 97 CIPHERS The turing machine. http://www.math.arizona.edu/~dsl/tmachine.htm

Enigma Machine Turing Machine Turing Test Alan Turing ... Cryptology Resources Comments to: maw@math.arizona.edu M W 97: CIPHERS The Turing Machine Description of the Turing Machine from The Alan Turing Home Page FOLDOC, the Free On-Line Dictionary of Computing. Downloadable software that simulates a Turing Machine written by John Kennedy of Santa Monica College, CA David S.Woodruff of MIT Java applets that simulate a Turing Machine written by Graham Stalker-Wilde from the Alan Turing Home Page Andreas Ehrencrona. at Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (the Royal Institute of Technology) Stockholm, Sweden Turing's World by Jon Barwise and John Etchemendy is a self-contained introduction to Turing machines. It allows the user to design, debug, and run sophisticated Turing machines on a Macintosh. Commercial Software. A Finite State Machine tutorial from Mathmania, the University of Victoria, British Columbia.

42. Turing Machine Definition of turing machine, possibly with links to more informationand implementations. NIST. turing machine. (definition). http://www.nist.gov/dads/HTML/turingMachine.html

Turing machine (definition) Definition: A model of computation consisting of a finite state machine controller, a read-write head, and an unbounded sequential tape. Depending on the current state and symbol read on the tape, the machine can change its state and move the head to the left or right. Unless otherwise specified, a Turing machine is deterministic See also other models: cell probe model random access machine pointer machine multiprocessor model , related terms: big-O notation busy beaver , variants: alternating Turing machine nondeterministic Turing machine oracle Turing machine probabilistic Turing machine ... universal Turing machine Author: CRC-A More information An article in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Go to the Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures home page. If you have suggestions, corrections, or comments, please get in touch with Paul E. Black (paul.black@nist.gov). Entry modified Fri Apr 5 13:55:31 2002. HTML page formatted Tue Jan 7 11:23:44 2003. This page's URL is http://www.nist.gov/dads/HTML/turingMachine.html

43. Nondeterministic Turing Machine Definition of nondeterministic turing machine, possibly with links to more informationand implementations. NIST. nondeterministic turing machine. (definition). http://www.nist.gov/dads/HTML/nondetrmtur.html

nondeterministic Turing machine (definition) Definition: A Turing machine which has more than one next state for some combinations of contents of the current cell and current state. An input is accepted if any move sequence leads to acceptance. See also alternating Turing machine oracle Turing machine probabilistic Turing machine universal Turing machine Note: A nondeterministic Turing machine is a probabilistic Turing machine ignoring the probabilities. Author: CRC-A Go to the Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures home page. If you have suggestions, corrections, or comments, please get in touch with Paul E. Black (paul.black@nist.gov). Entry modified Fri Apr 5 14:02:34 2002. HTML page formatted Tue Jan 7 11:35:25 2003. This page's URL is http://www.nist.gov/dads/HTML/nondetrmtur.html

44. Manchester Illuminated Universal Turing Machine THE MANCHESTER ILLUMINATED UNIVERSAL turing machine by Roman Verostko,1998 Note Originals from the series may be seen in Europe at http://www.verostko.com/manchester/manchester.html

main menu site map THE MANCHESTER ILLUMINATED UNIVERSAL TURING MACHINE by Roman Verostko, 1998 Note: Originals from the series may be seen in Europe at: London, UK: deluxe Gallery , 2-4 Hoxton Square, London, N1 6NU. tel +44 20 7729 8503. http://www.deluxe-arts.org.uk/ . email: Keith Watson Germany Galerie der Gegenwart , Büdingenstr. 4, D-65183 Wiesbaden Germany. tel +49 611 306946. fax +49 611 3082573. email: Wolfgang Lieser The Project: A family of algorithmic pen plotted drawings, each presented with the binary text for a Universal Turing Machine (UTM), were created for an exhibition in Manchester on the occasion of the Ninth International Symposium on Electronic Art (1998). These drawings, reminiscent of medieval manuscript illuminations, celebrate Alan Turing's work with universal problem solver procedures. They were created especially for the Manchester-Liverpool context as homage to Alan Turing in memory of his historic work in Manchester. Executed on hot pressed Arches, each piece includes a burnished gold leaf enhancement. Manchester Illuminated Universal Turing Machine, #23

45. Universal Turing Machine Universal turing machine. Manolis Kamvysselis manoli@mit.edu A TuringMachine is the mathematical tool equivalent to a digital computer. http://web.mit.edu/manoli/turing/www/turing.html

Universal Turing Machine Manolis Kamvysselis manoli@mit.edu A Turing Machine is the mathematical tool equivalent to a digital computer. It was suggested by the mathematician Turing in the 30s, and has been since then the most widely used model of computation in computability and complexity theory. The model consists of an input output relation that the machine computes. The input is given in binary form on the machine's tape, and the output consists of the contents of the tape when the machine halts. What determines how the contents of the tape change is a finite state machine (or FSM, also called a finite automaton) inside the Turing Machine. The FSM is determined by the number of states it has, and the transitions between them. At every step, the current state and the character read on the tape determine the next state the FSM will be in, the character that the machine will output on the tape (possibly the one read, leaving the contents unchanged), and which direction the head moves in, left or right. The problem with Turing Machines is that a different one must be constructed for every new computation to be performed, for every input output relation.

46. Visual Turing: A Graphical IDE For Turing Machines A graphical IDE for creating, running and debugging turing machines. Freeware for Windows 95/98/NT/2000.Category Science Math Logic and Foundations Software...... A turing machine that copies stringsVisual Turing is a graphicalIDE that you may use to edit and play with turing machines. It http://www.cheransoft.com/vturing/

Visual Turing is a graphical IDE that you may use to edit and play with Turing machines. This software is freeware but you may buy the source code for $39 to see how it was written or to use parts of it in your projects. Books on Turing Machines . Here are my recommendations on some books from Amazon.com related to this topic Introduction to the Theory of Computation by Michael Sipser. "Intended as an upper-level undergraduate or introductory graduate text in computer science theory," this book lucidly covers the key concepts and theorems of the theory of computation. Turing and the Computer (The Big Idea) .Turing and the Computer offers an encapsulation of the groundwork that led to the invention of the computer as we know it and an absorbing account of the man who helped develop it More books that I recommend...

47. What Is A Turing Machine? Reference Articles. What is a turing machine? By Jack Copeland. ©Copyright BJCopeland, July 2000. A turing machine. The read/write head is programmable. http://www.alanturing.net/turing_archive/pages/Reference Articles/What is a Turi

AlanTuring.net Reference Articles What is a Turing Machine? By Jack Copeland The head and the tape States Atomic operations The instruction table ... Computable and uncomputable functions Turing first described the Turing machine in an article published in 1936, 'On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem', which appeared in Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society (Series 2, volume 42 (1936-37), pp. 230-265). The head and the tape A Turing machine is an idealised computing device consisting of a read/write head (or 'scanner') with a paper tape passing through it. The tape is divided into squares, each square bearing a single symbol'0' or '1', for example. This tape is the machine's general purpose storage medium, serving both as the vehicle for input and output and as a working memory for storing the results of intermediate steps of the computation. The input that is inscribed on the tape before the computation starts must consist of a finite number of symbols. However, the tape is of unbounded lengthfor Turing's aim was to show that there are tasks that these machines are unable to perform, even given unlimited working memory and unlimited time. A Turing machine The read/write head is programmable. It is be helpful to think of the operation of programming as consisting of altering the head's internal wiring by means of a plugboard arrangement. To compute with the device, you program it, inscribe the input on the tape (in binary or decimal code, say), place the head over the square containing the leftmost input symbol, and set the machine in motion. Once the computation is completed, the machine will come to a halt with the head positioned over the square containing the leftmost symbol of the output (or elsewhere if so programmed).

48. Zillions Of Games - Turing Machine Game turing machine. Implemented by Karl Scherer, January 2002. Object improvement.Download turing machine Now! Back to Download Free Games page. http://www.zillions-of-games.com/games/turing_machine.html

Here is a great game you can play with the Zillions of Games Interface! Free Games Patches Discussion Board Discoveries Game: Turing Machine Implemented by Karl Scherer, January 2002 Object: Learn about a Turing Machine. (6 customizable variants) A Turing Machine is the most basic type of a computer. Input and output data are stored on the same linear storage, called a 'tape'. Along the tape a 'read/write head' is moving which reads, the writes one signal at a time. The program consists of a matrix which for each possible data read by the read/write head and for each 'inner state' (column of the matrix) has three data stored: - a new state for the machine - an output signal to write back onto the tape - a direction into which the head has to move next. In principle, any program in the world can be processed this way. Click GO to let the game guide you through the steps of the Turing Machine cycles. Or click run to let the Turing Machine compute nonstop until it has finished the calculation. The default variant has a string of Ones on the tape, and the program matrix is designed so that the Turing Machine converts it into a binary number.

49. Turing Machine Simulator A turing machine Simulator. Contents of this document. (exe). Returnto TOP of the page. A turing machine which decides a language. http://www.csr.uvic.ca/~wendym/tm/tm.html

50. An Animated Turing Machine Simulator In Forms/3 An Animated turing machine Simulator in Forms/3. Christopher DuPuis Oregon StateUniversity dupuis@cs.orst.edu. Margaret Burnett 3. The turing machine Simulator. http://cs.oregonstate.edu/~burnett/Turing/TuringMachine.html

An Animated Turing Machine Simulator in Forms/3 Christopher DuPuis Oregon State University dupuis@cs.orst.edu Margaret Burnett Oregon State University burnett@cs.orst.edu Department of Computer Science Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331 Technical Report #97-60-08 July 1997 1. Introduction In discussing the functionality of a programming language, it is useful to determine whether the computational power of the language is equivalent to general purpose languages such as C, Lisp, and Java; or if its application is necessarily limited to special purposes, as are such languages as Microsoft Excel and SQL [Kiper et al 1997]. This determination can be made by demonstrating whether or not a language is Turing complete. Turing completeness implies that any computation that can be performed in the language can be performed on a Turing machine and vice versa. According to the Turing Thesis, any problem that is computable by any machine can be solved using a Turing machine [Linz 1996]. Thus, to show that a language is Turing complete, it is necessary to show only that the language has no less computational power than a Turing machine. Although commercial spreadsheet languages are not Turing complete, it is possible for a language using the spreadsheet programming paradigm to be Turing complete. One example is the spreadsheet-based visual programming language (VPL) Forms/3. This paper demonstrates Forms/3's Turing completeness with the following implementation of a Turing machine simulator.

51. Turing Machine Previous Turing Next Turingol. turing machine. computability A instructions.A busy beaver is one kind of turing machine program. Dr http://burks.brighton.ac.uk/burks/foldoc/9/120.htm

The Free Online Dictionary of Computing ( http://foldoc.doc.ic.ac.uk/ dbh@doc.ic.ac.uk Previous: Turing Next: Turingol Turing Machine computability Alan Turing and used for computability theory proofs. It consists of an infinitely long "tape" with symbols (chosen from some finite set) written at regular intervals. A pointer marks the current position and the machine is in one of a finite set of "internal states". At each step the machine reads the symbol at the current position on the tape. For each combination of current state and symbol read, a program specifies the new state and either a symbol to write to the tape or a direction to move the pointer (left or right) or to halt. In an alternative scheme, the machine writes a symbol to the tape *and* moves at each step. This can be encoded as a write state followed by a move state for the write-or-move machine. If the write-and-move machine is also given a distance to move then it can emulate an write-or-move program by using states with a distance of zero. A further variation is whether halting is an action like writing or moving or whether it is a special state. [What was Turing's original definition?]

52. TM, The Turing Machine Interpreter (D.S.Woodruff) TM, The turing machine Interpreter. David S. Woodruff. It supports a singlelist of turing machine commands (in quintuple form) and a single tape. http://pierre.mit.edu/~dsw/turing/turing.html

TM, The Turing Machine Interpreter David S. Woodruff TM is a Turing Machine Interpreter written in C. With it you can create, alter and run turing machines. To see how TM works, start with the Sample TM runs It supports a single list of turing machine commands (in quintuple form) and a single tape. A turing machine command list may be entered interactively or from a file. It supports 'macros'. Macros may be entered interactively or from a file. TM has a carefully designed user interface, and a VMS-like 'help' utility. Availability The entire package is available for downloading here as a tar file . The tar file contains source files, example files, the TM Manual and the version history. The Sample TM runs and the 'More examples' folder are not in the tar file. An earlier version of TM is also available by anonymous ftp. Please note that this version is no longer being updated. The ftp sites are In Europe, csvax1.ucc.ie (backup save set in /vms/turing.) In the U.S., ftp.spc.edu Links for browsing and downloading Source files . Including the makefile and help file. Example files . Sample quintuple files and macro files. Sample TM runs . Examples of how to use TM. The TM Manual TM version history . Brief history of the development of TM The "README file" More examples . Just a grab bag of stuff. David S. Woodruff

53. Cover Pages: Turing Machine Markup Language (TMML). This document supplies description and references for turing machine MarkupLanguage (TMML). March 19, 2001 turing machine Markup Language (TMML). http://xml.coverpages.org/ni2001-03-19-b.html

SEARCH ABOUT INDEX NEWS ... LIBRARY SEARCH Advanced Search ABOUT Site Map CP RSS Channel ... Historic Created: March 19, 2001. News: Cover Stories Turing Machine Markup Language (TMML). Robert C. Lyons of Unidex Inc. has created an XML-based Turing Machine Markup Language (TMML) for describing Turing machines. "Just for fun," he says in the XML-DEV announcement... "I created TMML and the Universal Turing Machine stylesheet to have some fun and to learn more about the XSLT language; I designed this site to share what I learned about Turing machines and XSLT. A language is Turing complete if it is powerful enough to implement any Turing machine. It is widely believed that Turing machines are powerful enough to perform any calculation that can be performed by a modern computer program." Lyons' TMML web site "provides sample TMML documents and an XSLT 1.0 stylesheet that interprets ( i.e. , executes) the Turing machine that is described in a TMML document. This XSLT stylesheet, which is a Universal Turning Machine, is an existence proof that XSLT 1.0 is Turing complete. The stylesheet, which is available in HTML format and as an XSLT document, has been run with SAXON and Xalan. It does not use any extension functions or proprietary features. The stylesheet does use the xsl:key instruction and the XPath function."

54. Mathematical Recreations What kind? wondered Dee. A turing machine, I said. Okay. Here's a typicallist of rules for a turing machine with three states1, 2 and 3 http://www.fortunecity.com/emachines/e11/86/subway.html

web hosting domain names email addresses related sites ... Mathematical Recreations by Ian Stewart A Subway Named Turing The Tweedle twins and I were straphanging on the New York City subway. Delia Tweedle was universally known as Dee, so her brother had inevitably become Dum. Even though his real name was Seymour. As usual they were interrupting each other. "Well, if the universe is algorithmic, then strong AI" "Don't be pedantic, Dee, what you mean is computers that think" "Must be possible in principle." "Why?" I said. "If our universe is algorithmic" "You could set up a computer to simulate it" "Which would therefore simulate everything in it, including us having this conversation," Dee concluded. "You realize that if you're right, then a sufficiently complex subway system could become intelligent?" I said. "It would think rather s-l-o-w-l-y...but it would still be able to think." "That's dumb," Dee exclaimed. "A subway can't think." "Maybe not. But a subway can compute, according to a fascinating article I've just read in the latest issue of "Eureka." It was written by Adam Chalcraft and Michael Greene, and it's about the computational abilities of train sets." "You mean TOY train sets? Rails and points and tunnels with sheep painted on their sides?"

55. Alan Turing Invents The Turing Machine the early computers were both geniuses and eccentrics of the first order, and theEnglish mathematician Alan Turing (inventer of the turing machine) was first http://www.maxmon.com/1937bad.htm

1937 AD Alan Turing invents the Turing Machine Many of the people who designed the early computers were both geniuses and eccentrics of the first order, and the English mathematician Alan Turing was first among equals. In 1937, while a graduate student, Turing wrote his ground-breaking paper "On Computable Numbers with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem." One of the premises of Turing's paper was that some classes of mathematical problems do not lend themselves to algorithmic representations and are not amenable to solution by automatic computers. Alan Turing a Since Turing did not have access to a real computer (not unreasonably as they didn't exist at the time), he invented his own as an abstract " paper exercise. " This theoretical model, which became known as a Turing Machine , was both simple and elegant, and subsequently inspired many " thought experiments. " A few years later Turing was destined to be a key player in the design and creation of COLOSSUS , which was one of the world's earliest working programmable electronic digital computers.

56. The History Of Computers: Turing Machine The turing machine. In The turing machine pictured here above the papertape, reads in the symbols from the tape one at a time. What http://www2.fht-esslingen.de/studentisches/Computer_Geschichte/grp3/turing2.html

The Turing machine In 1936 the British mathematician Alan Turing wrote a paper entitled On Computable Numbers in which he described a hypothetical device, a Turing machine, that presaged programmable computers. The Turing machine was designed to perform logical operations and could read, write, or erase symbols written on squares of an infinite paper tape. This kind of machine came to be known as a finite state machine because at each step in a computation, the machine's next action was matched against a finite instruction list of possible states. The Turing machine pictured here above the paper tape, reads in the symbols from the tape one at a time. What we would like the machine to do is to give us an output of 1 anytime it has read at least 3 ones in a row off of the tape. When there are not at least three ones, then it should output a 0. The reading and outputting can go on infinitely. The diagram with the labelled states is known a state diagram and provides a visual path of the possible states that the machine can enter, dependent upon the input. The red arrowed lines indicate an input of from the tape to the machine. The blue arrowed lines indicate an input of 1. Output from the machine is labelled in neon green. Source: Computers: From the Past to the Present Michelle A. Hoyle

57. Explaining.Mind: Turing Machine turing machine. From Nottingham Andy A turing machine is a theoreticalcomputer designed by Alan Turing in the 1930's. It consists of http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/0192.html

Turing Machine From: Nottingham Andy ( AJN194@psy.soton.ac.uk Date: Thu May 23 1996 - 16:12:07 BST Next message: Rowe Anna: "This Is Not a Pipe" Previous message: Dunn Christopher: "The Blind Watchmaker" Next in thread: HARNAD Stevan: "Re: Turing Machine" Maybe reply: HARNAD Stevan: "Re: Turing Machine" Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] A Turing Machine is a theoretical computer designed by Alan Turing in the 1930's. It consists of an infinite amount of storage space (memory), the ability to access this memory and carry out any computational algorithm. An algorithm being the finite number of steps needed to solve a problem. An example of an algorithm is the quadratic formula or a cooking recipe. There is also the universal Turing Machine. The Church-Turing Thesis states that for every algorithm there is a Turing Machine capable of carrying it out. Turing then goes on to say the there is a single Universal Turing Machine which comprises all these Turing Machines and is therefore capable of computing any algorithm.

58. How To Observe A Turing Machine How to Observe a turing machine. turing machines? A TM can discriminate its tapesymbols; but these symbols don't mean anything to the turing machine. http://www.sdml.com/page0010.htm

How to Observe a Turing Machine Turing Machines? In a book on Software Engineering? Aren't TMs a topic for Computer Science theory? These are good questions. Our answers follow. Turing Machines were the first model of what can be computed by a mere machine: a rule-driven mechanism. (Turing's goal was to mechanize what a human computer does when he applies rules to a representation without error, distraction, creativity. or invention.) TMs are also the first rigorous definition of a simple artificial Situation-Reaction Machine. Therefore, TMs occupy a place of honor in Computer Science as well as Situation-Driven Modeling. Although Turing Machines are starkly simple, even minimalist, they can compute any function a batch mechanical computation can compute. So, TMs help establish the power and universality of Situation-Reaction Machines. Because Turing Machines are starkly simple and yet capable of complex and apparently intelligent behavior, they have inspired several generations of cognitive scientists to theorize that a mere machine might be intelligent and then try to program digital computers to behave intelligently. A key concept of cognitive science is computation, in the sense of mapping situations (natural or contrived) onto appropriate reactions. Intelligent animals can perform such mappings, and so can Turing Machines.

59. Peter Suber, "Turing Machines I" What is a turing machine? A turing machine is a simple but powerful computer.It is useful between big bangs. Programming a turing machine. http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/courses/logsys/turing.htm

Turing Machines I Peter Suber Philosophy Department Earlham College What is a Turing Machine? ... Computing Functions What is a Turing Machine? A Turing machine is a simple but powerful computer. It is useful in thinking about the nature and limits of computability because its method of computation is about as simple as can be imagined. Important theoretical results about what can be computed that are expressed in the terms of Turing machines, therefore, are clearer to intuition than the same results expressed in other terms. Turing machines were conceived by Alan Turing (1912-1954) in his important paper, "On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem," Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society , 2d Series, 42 (1936) 230-65. Turing machines are one of the earliest and most intuitive ways to make precise the naive notion of effective computability. All Turing-computable functions are effectively computable; the important and indemonstrable converse (that all intuitively computable functions are Turing computable) is asserted by Church's Thesis. My exposition is based on those of George S. Boolos and Richard Jeffrey

60. History Of Computing Science: The Turing Machine The turing machine. Computers From the Past to the Present The turing machineLast modified January 3, 2003 ©19942003 by Michelle A. Hoyle. http://lecture.eingang.org/turing2.html

The Turing Machine Next Index Links Prev The machine starts off in the Start state. The first input is a 1 so we can follow the blue line to State 1; output is going to be because three or more ones have not yet been read in. The next input is a 0, which leads the machine back to the starting state by following the red line. The read/write head on the Turing machine advances to the next input, which is a 1. Again, this returns the machine to State 1 and the read/write head advances to the next symbol on the tape. This too is also a 1, leading to State 2. The machine is still outputting 0's since it has not yet encountered three 1s in a row. The next input is also a 1 and following the blue line leads in to State 3, and the machine now outputs a 1 as it has read in at least 3 ones. From this point, as long as the machine keeps reading in 1s, it will stay in State 3 and continue to output 1s. If any 0s are encountered, the machine will return to the Start state and start counting 1s all over. Turing's purpose was not to invent a computer, but rather to describe problems which are logically possible to solve. His hypothetical machine, however, foreshadowed certain characteristics of modern computers that would follow. For example, the endless tape could be seen as a form of general purpose internal memory for the machine in that the machine was able to read, write, and erase itjust like modern day RAM.

Page 3     41-60 of 106    Back | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | 6  | Next 20