21. Otosclerosis otosclerosis, The term otosclerosis refers to the hardening of thebone of the ear . The ear. How long has otosclerosis been around? http://web.ukonline.co.uk/hearing.concern/foto.htm

22. Otosclerosis This process may spread to the stapes, to the inner ear, or to bothof these areas. Cochlear otosclerosis Stapedial otosclerosis http://depts.washington.edu/otoweb/patients/pts_specialties/pts_hear-n-bal/pts_h

Background Normal Ear Function Type of Hearing Impairment Hearing Impairment from Otosclerosis ... General Comments Background Otosclerosis is a common cause of hearing impairment and is hereditary. About 10% of adults have otosclerosis, but in only about 10% of these (or 1% of the adult population) does the otosclerosis involve the stapes (stirrup) bone where it can be detected by its interference with hearing. When otosclerosis is present in other places in the middle ear, it causes no symptoms. The disorder can be passed down from one generation to another, perhaps not manifesting itself for several generations. Since the condition is hereditary, diseases such as scarlet fever, ear infections, measles, and influenza have no relationship to its development. Top Normal Ear Function The ear is divided into three parts: the external ear , the middle ear , and the inner ear . The external ear collects sound, the middle ear increases the sound pressure and transmits the sound to the inner ear which transforms the sound into nerve impulses. Sound waves normally pass through the ear canal and cause the ear drum to vibrate. Movements of this membrane are transmitted to the inner ear by three small bones: the malleus (hammer), the incus (anvil), and the stapes (stirrup). In the inner ear, the vibrations stimulate hair cells. These hair cells transform the vibrations into electrical impulses that are carried by the hearing nerve to the brain where they are interpreted as sound.

23. MEDLINEplus Medical Encyclopedia: Otosclerosis otosclerosis. Otospongiosis. Definition Return to top otosclerosis isan abnormal bone growth in the middle ear that causes hearing loss. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001036.htm

Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Otosclerosis Contents of this page: Illustrations Alternative names Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors ... Calling your health care provider Illustrations Ear anatomy Alternative names Return to top Otospongiosis Definition Return to top Otosclerosis is an abnormal bone growth in the middle ear that causes hearing loss Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top Otosclerosis is an inherited disorder involving the growth of abnormal spongy bone in the middle ear. This growth prevents the stapes (stirrup bone) from vibrating in response to sound waves, thus leading to progressive (worsening over time) hearing loss Otosclerosis is the most frequent cause of middle ear hearing loss in young adults, affecting about 10% of the population of the US. Otosclerosis usually affects both ears, and is most commonly seen in women, 15 to 30 years old. Risks include pregnancy (which may trigger onset) and a family history of hearing loss. Caucasians are more susceptible to otosclerosis than others. Symptoms Return to top hearing loss slow, progressive

24. MEDLINEplus Enciclopedia Médica: Otosclerosis Translate this page otosclerosis. Definición Volver al comienzo. La otosclerosis es un crecimientoóseo anormal en el oído medio que causa la pérdida de la audición. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/spanish/ency/article/001036.htm

Omita y vaya al Contenido Otros enciclopedia temas: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Otosclerosis Contenido: Nombres alternativos Definición Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo Síntomas ... Anatomía del oído Nombres alternativos Volver al comienzo Otospongiosis Definición Volver al comienzo La otosclerosis es un crecimiento óseo anormal en el oído medio que causa la pérdida de la audición Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo Volver al comienzo La otosclerosis es un trastorno hereditario que se caracteriza por la formación de hueso esponjoso en el oído medio, lo cual impide la vibración del estribo (estapedio) como respuesta a las ondas sonoras, llevando de esta manera a una pérdida de la audición progresiva (que empeora con el tiempo). Es la causa más frecuente de la pérdida de audición en los adultos jóvenes y afecta cerca del 10% de la población de los Estados Unidos. Esta condición se puede presentar en ambos oídos, siendo más frecuente en mujeres entre los 15 y 30 años de edad. Los factores de riesgo comprenden antecedentes familiares de pérdida de la audición y el embarazo (puede desencadenarla). Las personas caucásicas son más susceptibles a esta condición que otras personas.

25. Otosclerosis otosclerosis is an abnormal, microscopic growth of bone in the walls of theinner ear which causes the stapes bone, commonly called the. otosclerosis, http://www.meei.harvard.edu/shared/oto/otoscler.htm

home patient services ent diseases Otosclerosis Disease Description Treatment Options Make an Appointment For More Information Otosclerosis Otosclerosis is an abnormal, microscopic growth of bone in the walls of the inner ear which causes the stapes bone, commonly called the "stirrup," to become frozen in place or "fixed." Normally the stapes, the smallest bone in the body, vibrates freely to allow the transmission of sound into the inner ear. When it becomes fixed to the surrounding bone, it prevents sound waves from reaching the inner ear fluids and thus hearing is impaired. What is otosclerosis? In a normal ear, sound which consists of vibrations of air molecules is funneled by the auricle, or "outer ear," through the ear canal to the ear drum. Movements of the ear drum are transferred to the ossicles, the small bones of the middle ear, and the stapes vibrates in and out of the oval window. The vibration of the stapes sets up a movement of the inner ear fluids. This, in tum, stimulates the fine sense organs of the inner ear which then stimulate the auditory (hearing) nerve which carries the sound energy to the brain. It is this sequence of events that results in normal hearing.

26. Otosclerosis otosclerosis is a degenerative disease of ear bone in which the consistency ofthe soundconducting bones changes from hard, mineralized bone to spongy http://www.entcolumbia.org/otoscler.htm

Otosclerosis What is Otosclerosis? Otosclerosis is a disease of ear bone degeneration that most commonly develops during the teen or early adult years. In otosclerosis, the consistency of the sound-conducting bones of the ear changes from hard, mineralized bone to spongy, immature bone tissue (otosclerosis is sometimes called otospongiosis for this reason). Such degeneration can cause a buildup of excess bone tissue around the stapes (a bone in the middle ear), which in turn causes the stapes to become fixed. This immobilization prevents the stapes from vibrating as it normally does while processing sound. When sound is prevented from being conducted to the inner ear, a person experiences a conductive hearing loss . In otosclerosis the nerve associated with hearing may also be affected, causing sensorineural hearing loss . The cause of nerve damage associated with otosclerosis is not fully understood, but may occur because of toxic enzymes released into the cochlea. If hearing loss is caused by both conductive and sensorineural hearing loss, it is called mixed hearing loss What Causes Otosclerosis?

27. Stapedectomy For Otosclerosis Stapedectomy is a surgical treatment for otosclerosis. Stapedectomy is veryeffective for restoring conductive hearing loss caused by otosclerosis. http://www.entcolumbia.org/stape.htm

Stapedectomy for Otosclerosis Otosclerosis is a disease of ear bone degeneration that most commonly develops during the teen or early adult years. In otosclerosis, the consistency of the sound-conducting bones of the ear changes from hard, mineralized bone to spongy, immature bone tissue. This can result in a buildup of inappropriate bone around the stapes foot-plate (a bone in the middle ear). This buildup of bone causes the stapes to become fixed and prevents it from vibrating normally. The lack of vibration prevents sound from being conducted to the inner, leading to a conductive hearing loss. How is Stapedectomy Performed? Stapedectomy is a surgical treatment for otosclerosis. In stapedectomy, the immobilized stapes is removed, and a tiny platinum or stainless steel prosthesis is inserted in the middle ear to replace it. The artificial prosthesis is less than 1/8 of an inch long. There are variations in stapedectomy depending on the extent of the disease. More extensive damage may require removal of the entire stapes footplate, while a small focus of disease allows for removal of less tissue. In patients with very extensive thickened tissue covering the oval window (obliterative otosclerosis), stapedectomy can not be performed. In such cases the stapes suprastructure is removed and the surgeon uses a small drill to thin out the oval window. An opening is made in the footplate, and the prosthesis is then positioned.

28. Otosclerosis otosclerosis occurs when normal bone is replaced with spongy, vascularbone that may harden. Occurs most often anterior to the oval window. http://www.bsu.edu/web/00jdorcutt/otosclerosispage.htm

Otosclerosis occurs when normal bone is replaced with spongy, vascular bone that may harden. Occurs most often anterior to the oval window. The addition of new bone around the stapes causes the stapes to become immobile and unable to transmit sound to the cochlea. The result is a conductive hearing loss. Prevalence: - 1 in every 5 to 10 white women - 1 in 100 black people are affected - Age of onset is usually 20 - 30 - Most common cause of serious hearing loss among young adults - 1/10 of cases actually develop disease. Causes: - An autosomal dominant gene with variable penetrance - Genetic, not congenital - Not sex-linked (Although, may be aggravated and activated by certain metabolic and chemical changes that accompany pregnancy and menstruation) Symptoms: - 70 % report tinnitus - 25 % report vertigo or imbalance - Willis paracusia (patient hears better in noise) Clinical signs: - Conductive hearing loss - Pinkish or rosy tint on TM (Schwartz sign) in 10 % o cases - Air-bone gap at most frequencies with exception of 2 kHz (Carhart's Notch) - 85 % of cases are bilateral - Decreased amplitude and a flattened sloped tympanogram - Excellent speech discrimination at adequate levels - absent acoustic reflexes Treatments: Medical / Nonsurgical 1. sodium fluoride

29. Otosclerosis otherwise. A Discussion of otosclerosis Rev. 9/1/95. Mixed impairments arecommon in otosclerosis. HEARING IMPAIRMENT FROM otosclerosis. Had http://www.ent.health.ufl.edu/patient info/otosclerosis.htm

Information contained in these pages is for informational and educational purposes only. Such information is not intended to replace, and should not be interpreted or relied upon as, professional advice, whether medical or otherwise. A Discussion of Otosclerosis Rev. 9/1/95 Otosclerosis is a disease of the middle ear bones. Otosclerosis is a common cause of hearing impairment and is hereditary. Someone in earlier generations of your family had the condition and passed it down to you. Similarly, your descendants may inherit this tendency from you, although the hearing impairment may not manifest itself for a generation or two. Being hereditary, diseases such as scarlet fever, ear infection, and influenza have no relationship to the development of otosclerosis. FUNCTION OF THE NORMAL EAR The ear is divided into three parts: the external ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear. The external ear collects sound, the middle ear mechanism transforms the sound and the inner ear receives and transmits the sound. Sound vibrations enter the ear canal and cause the eardrum or tympanic membrane to vibrate. Movements of the membrane are transmitted across the middle ear to the inner ear fluids by three small ear bones. These middle ear bones (hammer or malleus, anvil or incus and stirrup or stapes) act as a transformer changing sound vibrations in air into fluid waves in the inner ear. The fluid waves stimulate delicate nerve endings in the hearing canal (cochlea). Electrical impulses are transmitted on the nerve to the brain where they are interpreted as understandable sound.

30. Otosclerosis otosclerosis. Costa Apostolides, BSc, Med ‘99 Dalhousie University.What is otosclerosis? otosclerosis is a pathologic http://icarus.med.utoronto.ca/carr/manual/otosclerosis.html

Otosclerosis Costa Apostolides, BSc, Med ‘99 Dalhousie University What is otosclerosis? Otosclerosis is a pathologic condition of the temporal bone in which normal bone is replaced by abnormal fibrous tissue or sclerotic bone. Foci of otosclerosis, which may be found anywhere in the temporal bone, gradually expand and coalesce. Fixation of the stapes occurs when the otosclerotic lesion involves the stapes footplate or its annular ligament, leading to conductive hearing loss. The lesion may spread to involve the cochlea and cause a sensorineural hearing loss. What instigates this osseous change and its mechanism is unknown. Epidemiology Females are affected twice as often as males. Histological evidence of otosclerosis is found in 6.4% of temporal bones in North Americans and Europeans, but only 0.3% develop clinical manifestations of a hearing loss. In a recent study of 543 patients who underwent surgery for otosclerosis, bilateral stapes fixation occurred in 70%, and a positive family history was present in about 50%. Inheritance is autosomal dominant. No association has been found with chromosome markers or with ABO or HLA antigens. The remaining cases occur sporadically, with autosomal recessive inheritance, spontaneous mutation, and nongenetic causes offered as putative mechanisms. Otosclerosis is rarely seen in patients under 5 years and it most often occurs between ages 30 and 49. In African Americans, otosclerosis appears in only 1% of temporal bones and it is rare in American Indians.

31. Otosclerosis Date PrevDate NextThread PrevThread NextDate IndexThread Indexotosclerosis. Subject otosclerosis; From rwkelly@uswest.net (rw kelly); http://www.ofcn.org/guestbook/messages00/msg00059.html

Date Prev Date Next Thread Prev Thread Next ... Thread Index otosclerosis To guestbk@ofcn.org jmk@ofcn.org Subject : otosclerosis From rwkelly@uswest.net (rw kelly) Date : Tue, 8 Aug 2000 17:43:17 -0400 (EDT) Comment/Feedback sent from: rwkelly@uswest.net Organization: none Linked here from: ms browser Computer/Browser used: computer Nature of Interest: Resource Center Subject Areas of Interest: otosclerosis Reply expected: No Very helpful in helping me understand my diagnosis Received from: @dialupl144.tcsn.uswest.net(63.227.88.144) Prev by Date: swollen lymph nodes Next by Date: Education from K-5 Prev by thread: swollen lymph nodes Next by thread: Education from K-5 Index(es): Date Thread

32. 1Up Health > Otosclerosis > Causes, Incidence, And Risk Factors Of Otosclerosis Comprehesive information on otosclerosis (Otospongiosis). 1Up Health Diseases Conditions otosclerosis Causes, Incidence, and Risk Factors. http://www.1uphealth.com/health/otosclerosis_info.html

1Up Health Otosclerosis Alternative Medicine Clinical Trials ... Health Topics A-Z Search 1Up Health Otosclerosis Information Otosclerosis Causes, Incidence, and Risk Factors Alternative names : Otospongiosis Definition : Otosclerosis is an abnormal bone growth in the middle ear that causes hearing loss Causes, Incidence, and Risk Factors Otosclerosis is an inherited disorder involving the growth of abnormal spongy bone in the middle ear. This growth prevents the stapes (stirrup bone) from vibrating in response to sound waves, thus leading to progressive (worsening over time) hearing loss Otosclerosis is the most frequent cause of middle ear hearing loss in young adults, affecting about 10% of the population of the US. Otosclerosis usually affects both ears, and is most commonly seen in women, 15 to 30 years old. Risks include pregnancy (which may trigger onset) and a family history of hearing loss. Caucasians are more susceptible to otosclerosis than others. Previous Next Jump to Another Section of this Guide Definition Causes, Incidence, and Risk Factors

33. Otosclerosis otosclerosis. otosclerosis Registry for Hereditary Hearing Loss partnersfamilies and researchers in the area of hereditary hearing loss. http://www.health-nexus.com/otosclerosis.htm

Health-Nexus.Net Health-Nexus.Org The #1 Health information site Home ... Up Search Health-Nexus for: Match ALL words Match ANY word Email this page to a friend ! Post a question or comment on our Message Board Home Page Health Specialties Health News ... Alternative Health Options Substance Abuse Animal Health Search: Books Magazines Video Keywords: Find it Here Otosclerosis Ear Surgery Information Center-Otosclerosis - Ear Surgery Information Center OTOSCLEROSIS a description by Mark J. Levenson, MD, FACS Stapedectomy Otosclerosis Otospongiasis Otosclerosis the immobilization of the stapes bone occurs slowl Otosclerosis - Registry for Hereditary Hearing Loss partners families and researchers in the area of hereditary hearing loss. Read about otosclerosis. The Voice Center: Otosclerosis - Eastern Virginia Medical School explains this hereditary hearing impairment. Learn about how hearing loss occurs and how surgery can help. CSCD - Otosclerosis - A discussion of otosclerosis including a definition, natural course of the disease, causes, diagnosis, and treatment.

34. Otosclerosis otosclerosis. The stapes, or stirrup bone, is located in the middle ear. In otosclerosis,the stapes bone becomes fixed and does not vibrate normally. http://www.ohsu.edu/som-Otolaryn/somweb/Otosclerosis.html

OTOSCLEROSIS The stapes, or stirrup bone, is located in the middle ear. This bone normally vibrates as sound waves strike the eardrum. In otosclerosis, the stapes bone becomes fixed and does not vibrate normally. This lack of normal vibration leads to a conductive hearing loss. This hearing loss can be corrected surgically. The surgery is known as a stapedectomy . In the surgery, a platinum or stainless steel piston is used to bypass that portion of the stapes that is not working correctly. This surgery is extremely effective and is done on an outpatient basis. Hearing aids are also an option in relieving the perceived hearing loss in otosclerosis. Otosclerosis can sometimes worsen in pregnancy and can sometimes run in families. See also Back to Otology and Neurotology Home Page Back to Otology/Neurotology/Skull Base Surgery Homepage

35. Otosclerosis otosclerosis,, Print this article, osteodystrophic disease of the labyrinthine capsule.The osteosclerotic foci may be single or multiple. Fenestral otosclerosis. http://www.amershamhealth.com/medcyclopaedia/Volume VI 2/otosclerosis.html

Medcyclopaedia About Medcyclopaedia Amersham Health Search for: Type a word or a phrase. All forms of the word are searchable. Advanced search Browse entry words starting with: A B C D ... Other characters Try our Medcyclopaedia Premium Edition with added tools and functionality tailored to make your working day easier. The following tools are presently available: Expanded search *For Medical Professionals only, registration required Otosclerosis, osteodystrophic disease of the labyrinthine capsule. The osteosclerotic foci may be single or multiple. Histologically the osteosclerotic foci arise in the endochondral layer of the labyrinthine capsule. These foci correspond to spongy irregular bone with numerous blood vessels, osteoblasts and osteoclasts, hence the more appropriate term otospongiosis. These spongy foci tend to recalcify, becoming more dense and relatively avascular and acellular. There appears to be a hereditary factor in the aetiology. It usually begins in young adults, typically without a previous history of ear disease, as a gradually progressive conductive hearing loss or a mixed conductive and sensorineural hearing loss . It is commonly a symmetrical disease, though patients do not always have symptoms in both ears. Two major categories are distinguished, fenestral and retrofenestral.

36. Otosclerosis otosclerosis. otosclerosis is a hereditary disease that produces an abnormalgrowth of spongy bone in the temporal bone surrounding the middle ear. http://www.hei.org/hearhealth/diseases/otosclerosis.htm

Otosclerosis Otosclerosis is a hereditary disease that produces an abnormal growth of spongy bone in the temporal bone surrounding the middle ear. The bone growth immobilizes the stapes and prevents it from efficiently transmitting sound vibrations to the inner ear. This condition may be corrected by means of a surgical procedure called a stapedectomy When otosclerosis spreads to the cochlea, nerve function is disrupted and a permanent sensorineural hearing loss may result. Updated July 02, 2002 © House Ear Institute

37. THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 7, Ch. 84, Tympanic Membrane And Middle Ear otosclerosis. Histologically, foci of otosclerosis are irregularly arranged,new, immature bone interspersed with numerous vascular channels. http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section7/chapter84/84i.htm

This Publication Is Searchable The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy Section 7. Ear, Nose, And Throat Disorders Chapter 84. Tympanic Membrane And Middle Ear Topics [General] Trauma Barotitis Media Infectious Myringitis ... Neoplasms Otosclerosis A disease of the bone of the otic capsule and a common cause of progressive conductive hearing loss in an adult with a normal tympanic membrane. Histologically, foci of otosclerosis are irregularly arranged, new, immature bone interspersed with numerous vascular channels. These foci enlarge, causing ankylosis of the stapedial footplate and a consequent conductive hearing loss. Otosclerosis also may produce a sensory hearing loss, particularly when the foci of otosclerotic bone are adjacent to the scala media. Otosclerosis tends to be hereditary (probably autosomal dominant). About 10% of white adults have foci of otosclerosis, but only about 10% of affected persons develop conductive hearing loss. Otosclerosis becomes clinically evident in the late teenage and early adult years, with slowly progressive, asymmetric hearing loss. Fixation of the stapes may progress rapidly during pregnancy. Treatment involves a trial with a hearing aid or microsurgical techniques. The latter consists of removing the stapes or a portion of it and replacing it with a prosthesis; the hearing loss is corrected in most cases.

38. Otosclerosis & Stapedectomy otosclerosis stapedectomy with many links and a summary for each link. AudiologyNetAudiology Information for the Masses otosclerosis Stapedectomy http://www.audiologynet.com/otosclerosis-stapedectomy.html

AudiologyNet Audiology Information for the Masses Otosclerosis Otosclerosis ...Ear Surgery Information Center Excellent site that has a computer generated slide show of the actual procedure. It takes a few reviews of the slides to understand what everything actually represents. FAQ's about Otosclerosis ... New York Eye and Ear Infirmary Nice site that answers common questions people have about the pathology. Otosclerosis ... Department of Otolaryngology Learn the types of otosclerosis, surgical procedures and possible complications in surgery. Otosclerosis ...Hereditary Hearing Impairment Resource Registry Good site that has really good information and also looks at the genetic background of the pathology. Otosclerosis ...A Personal Perspective Boystown web site has this page to help others know what to expect who may be suffering with otosclerosis. Stapendectomy Issues in Stapedectomy ... Grand Rounds The article at this web site is mainly about the history of the stapendectomy. It is interesting to read. Very nice web site that walks the patient step-by-step through the laser procedure. Excellent pictures at the web site that have

39. InteliHealth: Otosclerosis otosclerosis — otosclerosis, an abnormal overgrowth of one or more bones inthe middle ear, prevents the small bones from moving normally, producing a http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/9339/10477.html

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40. Diseases And Conditions -- Discovery Health -- Otosclerosis otosclerosis involves the formation of new bone that affects two structureswithin the ear, known as the cochlea and labyrinth. http://health.discovery.com/diseasesandcond/encyclopedia/2336.html

otosclerosis By Mark Loury, MD Images (click to view larger image) Otosclerosis involves the formation of new bone that affects two structures within the ear, known as the cochlea and labyrinth. The cochlea is a cone-shaped tube involved in hearing, and the labyrinth is key to a person's sense of balance. What is going on in the body? When new bone forms over the inner ear structures, it can prevent the bones from vibrating normally. The bones are no longer able to transmit sound waves to the cochlea, and hearing is impaired . If the labyrinth is affected, the person's sense of balance can be impaired as well. What are the signs and symptoms of the condition? The main complaint is a slowly progressive loss of hearing. It initially affects one ear, but both ears can be simultaneously affected. Many individuals develop problems in both ears. What are the causes and risks of the condition? Many cases have no known cause. In others, there is a clear family history. Osteogenesis imperfecta, a genetic disease that causes bones to be brittle, often leads to otosclerosis. There is some thought that drinking non-fluoridated water may cause a susceptible person to develop otosclerosis as well. What can be done to prevent the condition?

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