41. ADAP Drugs: Ethionamide A treatment for MAC and tuberculosis (TB). (Trecator SC) http://www.atdn.org/access/drugs/ethi.html

ethionamide (Trecator SC) Drug description Ethionamide is a treatment for MAC and tuberculosis (TB) used in combination with as many as 5 other drugs. A number of different drugs are being tried for prevention and maintenance treatment of MAC. MAC is related to TB, but no one TB drug works against MAC. Maintenance treatment after an episode of MAC is now routine, though it is not known which of the existing treatments is most effective. Multidrug therapy reduces mycobacterial colony counts in blood and leads to clinical improvement, especially the reduction of fever. Side effects The most common side effects are nausea and vomiting. Other side effects can be depression, rash, low number of blood platelets, jaundice and/or hepatitis, inflammation of the mouth, mental depression, clumsiness or unsteadiness, confusion, mood or mental changes, changes in menstrual periods, coldness, decreased sexual ability, dry puffy skin, weight gain, high blood sugar levels, blurred vision, loss of vision, and skin rash. Dosage Ethionamide should be given with at least one other effective anti-TB drug. Adults take 0.5 to 1.0 gram/day in divided doses. Treatment with pyridoxine at the same time is recommended.

42. CNTC | The Francis J. Curry National Tuberculosis Center Creates, Enhances, And The Francis J. Curry National tuberculosis Center (CNTC) creates, enhances, anddisseminates resources and models to control and eliminate tuberculosis. http://www.nationaltbcenter.edu/

Featured Links Conferences of Interest Quality Improvement for TB Case Management: An Online Course Tuberculin Skin Testing: Tools for Trainers TB Control FAQS ... Diagnosis and Treatment A Model Of Excellence One of three national model tuberculosis centers funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Francis J. Curry National Tuberculosis Center (CNTC) creates, enhances and disseminates state-of-the-art resources and models of excellence to control and eliminate tuberculosis nationally and internationally. The other national model centers are located at Harlem Hospital in New York City and the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey in Newark, New Jersey. Committed to the belief that everyone deserves the highest quality of care in a manner consistent with his or her culture, values and language, we develop and deliver highly versatile, culturally appropriate trainings and educational products, provide technical assistance and facilitate regional, state and national initiatives. The Center is dedicated to the memory of Francis J. Curry

43. Tuberculosis Pathology of tuberculosis. Return to the tutorial menu. Mycobacterium tuberculosisis the organism that is the causative agent for tuberculosis (TB). http://medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/TUTORIAL/MTB/MTB.html

Pathology of Tuberculosis Return to the tutorial menu. The images below have file sizes ranging from 50 to 250k. General Features Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the organism that is the causative agent for tuberculosis (TB). There are other "atypical" mycobacteria such as M. kansasii that may produced a similar clincal and pathologic appearance of disease. M. avium-intracellulare (MAI) seen in immunocompromised hosts (particularly in persons with AIDS) is not primarily a pulmonary infection in terms of its organ distribution (mostly in organs of the mononuclear phagocyte system). Tuberculosis is becoming a world-wide problem. War, famine, homelessness, and a lack of medical care all contribute to the increasing incidence of tuberculosis among disadvantaged persons. Since TB is easily transmissible between persons, then the increase in TB in any segment of the population represents a threat to all segments of the population. This means that it is important to institute and maintain appropriate public health measures, including screening, vaccination (where deemed of value), and treatment. A laxity of public health measures will contribute to an increase in cases. Failure of adequate treatment promotes the development of resistant strains of tuberculosis. Patterns of Infection There are two major patterns of disease with TB: Primary tuberculosis: seen as an initial infection, usually in children. The initial focus of infection is a small subpleural granuloma accompanied by granulomatous hilar lymph node infection. Together, these make up the Ghon complex. In nearly all cases, these granulomas resolve and there is no further spread of the infection.

44. The Global Fund To Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis And Malaria The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, tuberculosis Malaria Funding the fight againstthe diseases of poverty. tuberculosis accounted for 2 million deaths. http://www.globalfundatm.org/

Home THE FUND Overview Principles NGOs and Civil Society Private Sector ... FAQ THE ISSUES HIV/AIDS Tuberculosis Malaria Technical Resources ... Site Map Funding the fight against the diseases of poverty GLOBAL FUND'S APPEAL MECHANISM The January Board of the Global Fund has endorsed an Internal Appeal Mechanism which allows components rejected in two consecutive rounds of proposals to appeal the second decision. Read the procedural rules for such appeals In two rounds of program proposals and approvals, the Global Fund awarded $1.5 billion to 160 programs in 94 countries View a world map showing the distribution of successful 1st and 2nd round approved proposals. How is Global Fund money distributed by disease/region Find out here.

45. Microbiologist Seeks Employment Ph.D., M.S.P.H. Resume and CV. Experience includes all areas of microbiology to include virology (both serology and viral isolation), parasitology, mycology, tuberculosis, and clinical immunology. http://home.usaa.net/~rgwhiddon

ROBERT G. WHIDDON, PH.D., M.S.P.H. MICROBIOLOGY / PUBLIC HEALTH / QUALITY 5651 Shoal Creek Drive Haymarket, Virginia 20169 Email: rgwhiddon@earthlink.net Website: http://home.usaa.net/~rgwhiddon I have developed and applied skills in microbiology and infection control , supervised as many as 26 employees in large (500 bed hospitals) reference laboratories. My experience includes all areas of microbiology to include virology (both serology and viral isolation), parasitology mycology tuberculosis , and clinical immunology . I taught in active training programs in these centers for many specialties to include infectious disease pathology , and medical technology . I have been an invited lecturer at University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio, and I am a contributing author to the textbook used in that program. I have built complex relational databases in Access and Paradox for management of laboratory supply operations. I have designed a laboratory computer system featuring edit checks and conditional branching logic. I was a

46. The Global Fund To Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis And Malaria THE ISSUES. HIV/AIDS. tuberculosis. Malaria. Technical Resources. Contact Us. SiteMap. The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, tuberculosis Malaria tuberculosis. http://www.globalfundatm.org/tuberculosis.html

Home Back THE FUND Overview Principles NGOs and Civil Society Private Sector ... FAQ THE ISSUES HIV/AIDS Tuberculosis Malaria Technical Resources ... Site Map Tuberculosis The Stop TB Partnership World Health Organization International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Sequella Global Tuberculosis Foundation ... Tuberculosis Research Center, Chennai, India

47. Public Health Reports The journal of the U.S. Public Health Service. Covers issues such as tobacco control, teenage violence, occupational disease and injury, immunization, drug policy, lead screening, Native American health issues, and tuberculosis control. http://phr.oupjournals.org/

Special Issue: "Keeping America Healthy: CDC Prevention Research Partnerships" View Current Issue March 2003 Search for Articles Browse the Archive Email notification of TOCs ABOUT THE JOURNAL ... RELATED LINKS Other Oxford University Press journals that may be of interest: American Journal of Epidemiology International Journal of Epidemiology Journal of Urban Health International Journal of Quality in Health Care ... Health Policy and Planning Public Health Reports is published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association of Schools of Public Health and assisted by Stanford University Libraries' HighWire Press Online ISSN: 1468-2877

48. Life In Wisconsin Sanatoriums Short memoir of life in two Wisconsin tuberculosis sanatoriums in 1920s, Hickory Grove and Muirdale, with photos and history of each. plus links to sites on TB. http://home.att.net/~hickorygrove/

Life in Wisconsin Sanatoriums Hickory Grove, Muirdale and Wales Sanatoriums Links Go to My Story Muirdale Pictures Other Wisconsin Sans Fresh Air Cure in Iowa ... Consumption Timeline Purpose of this site I spent the better part of two years as a patient at Hickory Grove Sanatorium, and 7 months in Muirdale. I am gathering pictures and stories from patients or doctors at those hospitals, or any other sanatoriums in Wisconsin. You can share your stories at this site. Send them by mail or email. You can send me scanned images in jpg format, or send me material that I can scan and return to you. Click to send me an email Or write to me at: John T. Wells 1729 N. 83rd St. Wauwatosa WI 53213 Hickory Grove Sanatorium Located about 4 miles south of De Pere, Wisconsin, on a hill overlooking the scenic Fox River. This hospital for people afflicted with tuberculosis was built in 1918, and demolished in the late 1980s or early '90s. The site is now occupied by expensive homes. Read My Story Muirdale Sanatorium This former tuberculosis sanatorium was built in 1928. It is at the corner of Highway 100 and Watertown Plank Road in Wauwatosa, Wisconsin.

49. CNN - Tuberculosis 'breakthrough' Debated - Mar. 19, 1997 CNN.com http://www.cnn.com/HEALTH/9703/19/tuberculosis/

Tuberculosis 'breakthrough' debated UN agency: Strategy could save millions of lives March 19, 1997 Web posted at: 11:06 a.m. EDT (1106 GMT) In this story: 'Effort to mobilize the world' 'Biggest breakthrough of decade' 13 countries have most TB cases TB is easily spread ... Related stories and sites ATLANTA (CNN) A multi-drug treatment against tuberculosis, hailed by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a "breakthrough" that could save millions of lives, was downplayed Wednesday by other medical experts who said there was nothing new in the announcement. Nevertheless, WHO said the global tuberculosis epidemic is leveling off for the first time in decades because of the treatment strategy, which puts trained monitors in charge of making sure TB patients take their medication. But Russia and other former Soviet bloc countries, which have yet to fully adopt the "directly observed treatment" method, have seen a TB explosion in recent years that threatens all of Europe, WHO officials said. 'Effort to mobilize the world' "There is no treatment breakthrough," CNN Medical Correspondent Dan Rutz reported. "What the (WHO) announcement really amounts to is an effort to mobilize the world community to take the problem of tuberculosis seriously."

50. Tuberculosis tuberculosis Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow. What is tuberculosisand how is it spread? What is tuberculosis and how is it spread? http://www.lung.ca/tb/main.html

Disease deaths lower in Canada than in U.S. CIHR announces "Impacts of Physical and Social Environments" RFA CIHR announces "Global Health" research grant RFA What is tuberculosis and how is it spread? Information in other languages about tuberculosis. The history of tuberculosis in Canada - Canada's role in fighting TB and searching for a cure. Stop TB Canada is part of a global movement to accelerate social and political action to stop the unnecessary spread of tuberculosis around the world. Learn about drug treatments for tuberculosis. Consult the patient's guide to prescription drugs for information on brands, side effects and precautions. For Health Care Professionals The Canadian Tuberculosis Standards - Table of Contents The Canadian Tuberculosis Standards - Full report [PDF version] Normes canadiennes pour la lutte antituberculeuse - Table des matières Normes canadiennes pour la lutte antituberculeuse - Full report [PDF version] Purchase the Canadian Tuberculosis Standards online . The Canadian Tuberculosis Standards are available as a coil-bound hardcopy for $25 [Canadian dollars] per copy. Related Sites The World Health Organization: Tuberculosis - Strategy and Operations The International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease The Division of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Division de la lutte antituberculeuse ... Recommend this page The Canadian Lung Association site strives to provide you with timely, accurate information, which is

51. Welcome To The Charles P. Felton National TB Center The goal is to meet the challenge of TB in Harlem by providing innovative prevention, treatment, Category Health Conditions and Diseases Mycobacterial tuberculosis......The Charles P. Felton National tuberculosis Center at Harlem Hospital is one of three model centers funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.harlemtbcenter.org/

T he Charles P. Felton National Tuberculosis Center at Harlem Hospital is one of three "model centers" funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It is a partnership of Harlem Hospital, Columbia University, Health & Hospitals Corporation, and New York City Department of Health. As a "model center," our mandate is to contribute to the elimination of tuberculosis (TB) as a public health problem by creating and distributing training and education products for the appropriate diagnosis and treatment of TB and latent TB infection, and by developing and testing innovative programs. T he unique characteristics of the Harlem community have compelled the Center to focus on initiatives which are tailored to fit its needs, such as: providing comprehensive social support to reduce psycho-social barriers to treatment completion; developing and implementing new models of care that are sensitive to both patient and community needs; and educating and training persons who provide care to this kind of community. These programs have been conducive to the declining TB rates in Harlem and New York City, and have contributed to TB control efforts elsewhere. Last Updated: July 30, 2002

52. VersaPharm Pharmaceutical developer and marketer of specialty prescription products to the United States, working to develop and deliver pharmaceuticals primarily for treatment areas of tuberculosis, Hemophilia, and other blood disorders. http://www.versapharm.com/

VersaPharm Incorporated develops and markets specialty prescription products to the United States: Pharmaceuticals for Tuberculosis, Hemophilia, Anthrax, STD, blood disorders and other diseases. By using this website, you agree to be bound by the Terms of Service and Purchase currently in effect. Click here to enter website Terms of Service Mailing Address VersaPharm Incorporated P. O. Box 7509 Marietta, GA 30065-1509 Phone or 770 499-8100 Fax E-mail Info@VersaPharm.com © 2001-3 VersaPharm Incorporated - Website design and maintenance by Photel International If you have problems with this Website, please contact the Webmaster 043 020 011 M Date Last Updated: April 03, 2003

53. Tuberculosis tuberculosis. ISSN 14729792. tuberculosis is a speciality journal focusing on thelatest research advances relevant to tuberculosis control and elimination. http://www.harcourt-international.com/journals/tube/

HOME SHOPPING BASKET HELP SITE MAP ... Register now Journal Home Subscribe now Latest issue, contents and abstracts now available on Full Text Access Accepted Papers Visit the Author Gateway Subscribe ... Author Info Search only in Medicine Powered by Tuberculosis ISSN 1472-9792 Volume 83 Published 6 times a year Subscribe online! Full text of volume 79 Issue 6 (1999) available Tuberculosis is a speciality journal focusing on the latest research advances relevant to tuberculosis control and elimination. The journal publishes original research and reviews on the host response and immunology of tuberculosis and the molecular biology, genetics and physiology of the organism. ... Indexed/abstracted in: Adonis, CAB International, Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, Excerpta Medica/EMBASE, Academy of Sciences Russia, Biological Abstracts, UMI (Microfilms), BIOSIS, Index Medicus, Medline, Current Awareness in Bio Sciences, NMLUS, Medical Documentation. . Read our Terms and Conditions of Use and our For problems or suggestions concerning this service, please contact: webmaster@elsevier-international.com

54. Welcome To Malaria Vaccine Clinical Trials Details an initiative that uses volunteers for vaccines developed for the prevention of malaria and tuberculosis. http://www.malaria-vaccines.org.uk

Welcome to Malaria Vaccine Trials - clinical trials conducted at the University of Oxford for research into the vaccination of malaria and tuberculosis The research for this initiative is supported by the following -

55. Ask NOAH About: Tuberculosis Ask NOAH About tuberculosis. What is tuberculosis? The Basics AIDSRelatedtuberculosis Diagnosis of tuberculosis Prevention of tuberculosis. http://www.noah-health.org/english/illness/tb/tb.html

Ask NOAH About: Tuberculosis What is Tuberculosis? The Basics AIDS-Related Tuberculosis Diagnosis of Tuberculosis Prevention of Tuberculosis ... To Lung Diseases Main Page What is Tuberculosis? The Basics Check Your Tuberculosis I.Q. - American Association of Respiratory Care Consumption (Tuberculosis) - Mayo Health Frequently Asked Questions About Tuberculosis - American Medical Association Information About Tuberculosis - Canadian Lung Association (also in Albanian Arabic Chinese Chinese, Traditional ... PDF File of 4 Pages) Learn About Tuberculosis - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (also in Spanish PDF File of 15 Pages) Learn About Tuberculosis Infection - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (also in Spanish PDF File of 11 Pages) Questions and Answers about TB - CDC (also in Spanish TB Quiz - Louisiana State Univ Med Center Transmission and Pathogenesis - Univ of Medicine and Dentisty of NJ Tuberculosis - MEDLINEplus (Interactive Flash Presentation) Tuberculosis - American Lung Association Tuberculosis - Merck Manual Home Edition Tuberculosis - American Medical Association ... Travel Medicine: Tuberculosis - Methodist Health Care System, Houston TX

56. ADAP Drugs: Streptomycin An antibiotic used in combination with other drugs to treat tuberculosis (TB). (Streptomycin sulfate) http://www.atdn.org/access/drugs/stre.html

streptomycin (Streptomycin sulfate) Drug description Side effects Severe nausea, vomiting, dizziness, rash and fever. Loss of hearing has been reported following long term use. Streptomycin should not be used in anyone with kidney impairment because it increases the risk of severe toxic reactions. Dosage Streptomycin is given by intramuscular injection. Adults are given 1 g daily in combination with 5 g of PAS and 200-300 mg of isoniazid. Ultimately the streptomycin should be stopped or reduced to 1 g two to three times weekly. How long it may take to work The total period of treatment for TB is a minimum of 1 year. Indication for stopping streptomycin may occur at any time earlier due to toxic symptoms, or if the infection becomes resistant to the drug. Managing side effects Symptoms subside and recovery is usually complete after you stop taking the drug. Roaring noises, or ringing in the ears are signs that treatment with streptomycin should be stopped. This information is specific to the use of this medication for HIV-related conditions. For additional information about this drug for other conditions, refer to: www.nursespdr.com/

57. Philippine Tuberculosis Society Inc. Website Dedicated to the prevention, treatment and control of TB in the country. Includes information about Category Health Conditions and Diseases Mycobacterial tuberculosis......Premiere institution in the Philippines dedicated to the prevention,treatment and control of tuberculosis in the country. http://www.ptsi.org.ph/

Burden of Illness PTSI Critical Role and Continuing Needs How to Help Fight the Lung Diseases PTSI is a non-profit charitable organization founded on July 29, 1910, to combat the spread of tuberculosis and kindred diseases in the Philippines. It has been in the forefront in the fight against TB ever since. Pulmonary Medicine Specialty Training World TB Day Controlling TB The Manila Manifesto Quezon Institute Hospital ... Click here for your donation We want to hear from you: For more information email us at: info@ptsi.org.ph For donors email us at donors@ptsi.org.ph Or contact us at: Tel. Nos.: (+) (632) 781-3761 to 65 Fax No.: (+) (632) 740-8164 Philippine Tuberculosis Society, Inc. Designed and Maintained by: web dot com website development phils., inc.

58. Tuberculosis - An Infectious Disease Health information on tuberculosis, a sometimes crippling and deadlydisease. It is on tuberculosis (TB). tuberculosis, a sometimes http://www.mckinley.uiuc.edu/health-info/dis-cond/tb/tb.html

Tuberculosis (TB) Tuberculosis, a sometimes crippling and deadly disease, is on the rise and is revisiting both the developed and developing world. Globally, it is the leading cause of deaths resulting from a single infectious disease. Currently, it kills three million people a year and, if the present trend continues, it is likely to claim more than 30 million lives within the next decade. Recent increases in migration have rapidly mixed infected with uninfected communities and contributed to the spread of the disease. WHAT IS TUBERCULOSIS? The second stage of the disease is manifested by destruction or "consumption" of the tissues of the affected organ. When the lung is affected, it results in diminished respiratory capacity, associated with other symptoms; when other organs are affected, even if treated adequately, it may leave permanent, disabling scar tissue. WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS? The primary stage of the disease may be symptom-free, or the individual may experience a flu-like illness. In the secondary stage, called active disease, there might be a slight fever, night sweats, weight loss, fatigue and various other symptoms, depending on the part of the body affected. Tuberculosis of the lung is usually associated with a dry cough that eventually leads to a productive cough with blood-stained sputum. There might also be chest pain and shortness of breath. This secondary stage, if affecting the lungs, is the contagious stage - when the bacteria can be spread to others.

59. Michigan State Sanatorium History of tuberculosis sanatorium in Michigan, accompanied by vintage postcard images. http://www.livgenmi.com/sanatorium.htm

Michigan State Sanatorium a.k.a. Howell Tubercular Sanatorium At one time, the facility was a place to "take the cure" and from the notes on the back of these postcards that Sally Witt, the current development representative for the old Sanatorium site, found at an antiquarian book sale, it appears that this process took several months to a year. It also appears that people came from all over the United States to enjoy the beauty of the surroundings and the very capable care they received there. Below is a picture of the Administration Building taken right after its completion in about 1907 by Lyndon's Studio. Apparently these photos were made into post cards so that the patients could keep in touch with their friends and relatives sometimes hundreds of miles away. Opened on the 10th of September in 1907, the facility had an administration building and several "open-air" shacks out behind the building. If you look to the left behind the administration building in the picture above you can see the patient "shacks". These each accommodated ten to twelve persons. The men's facility was opened first and the women's opened in about 1908. Bed rest was the treatment required, usually twenty hours a day with the only exercise being the walk to the dining room. Treatment consisted of this total rest as no drugs were used and of course no surgery was ever considered. The men were allowed playing cards and the women handiwork of any kind but that was about the extent of it.

60. Tuberculosis, NIAID Fact Sheet March 2002 tuberculosis. Many people think tuberculosis (TB) is a disease ofthe past. What happens when someone gets infected with M. tuberculosis? http://www.niaid.nih.gov/factsheets/tb.htm

March 2002 Tuberculosis M. tuberculosis . TB is a chronic bacterial infection. It is spread through the air and usually infects the lungs, although other organs are sometimes involved. Most persons that are infected with M. tuberculosis harbor the bacterium without symptoms but many develop active TB disease. Each year, 8 million people worldwide develop active TB and 3 million die. Is TB a problem in the United States? In the United States, TB has re-emerged as a serious public health problem. In 2001, based on provisional data reported to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the number of cases has decreased for the ninth straight year to 15,991 cases of active TB (infection with full-blown disease symptoms). This all-time low is due largely to improved public health control measures. In addition to those with active TB, however, an estimated 10 to 15 million people in the United States are infected with M. tuberculosis without displaying symptoms (latent TB) and about one in ten of these individuals will develop active TB at some time in their lives. Minorities are affected disproportionately by TB: 54 percent of active TB cases in 1999 were among African-American and Hispanic people, with an additional 20 percent found in Asians.

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