61. FAF - Preamble indigenous african Institutions. The Governmental Institutions of the Bantu Peoplesof Southern africa The Sources Of Law In tswana Tribal Courts Legislation http://www.freeafrica.org/features6b.html

Home Features The Rule of Law and Economic Development in Africa Continue from Previous THE RULE OF LAW IN TRADITIONAL AFRICAN SOCIETY Though there is much diversity in the structures and complexities of African political systems, there is one fundamental underlying principle common to them which is often overlooked. As Vaughan (1986) stressed: Indigenous African states had courts to settle disputes and uphold individual and property rights within the community. Court hearings were open and any adult could attend them. Those present at court could air their opinions freely. The chief, who served as the judge, would weigh all viewpoints and reach a verdict. Bascom (1984) reported that, among the Yoruba, The Bale serves as the principal judge of the compound, presiding when disputes are brought before him, but cases are heard by all the elders and by any other members of the compound who may be present. If a titled chief lives in the compound, he is also responsible for settling disputes. A husband is responsible for settling quarrels within his own family; but if he is unsuccessful or if an argument involves members of two different families within the compound, it is referred to the Bale. Any cases which he cannot settle may be referred to the town chiefs, but every effort is made to reach a peaceful settlement within the compound (p.44). There were court systems in other West African societies, among the Fanti, the Asante, the Igbo and the Yoruba. Casely Hayford (1911) reported that:

62. Development Forum: Archives Land Policy when they proclaimed 19942004 the Decade of indigenous peoples? not Europeans butthe majority tswana tribe. I realise that the term 'indigenous' is commonly http://www2.worldbank.org/hm/hmlandpolicy/0060.html

Land Policy Date view Thread view Subject view Author view Adams ( m.adams@mweb.co.za Thu Mar 08 2001 - 17:24:20 EST Next message: DANIEL W. BROMLEY: "[landpolicy] Partial Interests in Land" Previous message: Marianne Tissier: "[landpolicy] Land Policy" Topic A (Southern Africa) Legal recognition of customary forms of tenure and land rights of indigenous people. The questions Tim Hanstad asks under this heading are difficult to answer in a few sentences. The problem is increased by the fact that the terminology is unclear. For example, does Tim (and the conference paper) use the phrase 'indigenous people' in the sense used by the United Nations when they proclaimed 1994-2004 the Decade of Indigenous Peoples? Are we referring to people who are marginalized in their native land, distinct from the dominant group in language, culture and religion? Are we referring to hunter gatherers with a tradition of collective management of natural resources and an unparalleled knowledge of ecological processes and the diverse uses of natural phenomena? In southern Africa these are the San people, sometimes called the Basarwa

63. Operation World - Detailed Information indigenous 90.9%. 9 major peoples speaking related dialects and numbering 8.2 mill. tswanaSotho210,000; Shangaan-Tsonga 143,000; Tonga 137,000; Kunda 134,000 http://www.gmi.org/ow/country/zimo/owtext.html

Zimbabwe Republic of Zimbabwe December 8-9 Africa Quick Find Home About Us Authors Calendar CD Developer CD-ROM Contact Information Errata Web Links Factbook FAQ Feedback GMI Maps OM Literature One Hundred Days Operation World book Other Languages Overhead Transparencies OW Team Paternoster Permissions Policy Pray Today Prayer Resources Publisher Technical Support Technical Specifications Updates Wall Map Web Developer Window on the World Home Pray Today Summary Religion ... Tech Support click to enlarge GEOGRAPHY Area 390,759 sq.km. Landlocked state in south-central Africa. Population Ann.Gr. Density 30 per sq. km. 33 per sq. km. 39 per sq. km. These UN-projected figures do not allow enough for the death rate due to AIDS. The possible 2025 population may be around 9 million. Capital Harare 2,300,000. Other major cities: Bulawayo 800,000, Gweru 130,000, Mutare 124,000. Urbanites PEOPLES Over 42 peoples. Indigenous Shona 70.5%. 9 major peoples speaking related dialects and numbering 8.2 mill. Nguni 14%. Ndebele 1.55m; Kalanga 196,000 (a Shona group being absorbed by Ndebele). Other 6.4%. Tswana-Sotho 210,000; Shangaan-Tsonga 143,000; Tonga 137,000; Kunda 134,000; Venda 114,000.

64. Arthur's S. A. Clipart The indigenous people clipart with special thanks to Barbara Tyrrel Arthur's SouthAfrica peoples and Places. tswana.gif tswana.gif, VENDA1.GIF VENDA1.GIF, VENDA2 http://www.fortunecity.com/victorian/dante/944/peoplecol.htm

web hosting domain names email addresses related sites ... Contact Me ARTHUR S COLOUR SOUTH AFRICAN CLIPART Traditional Homes,Places and the Indigenous People The indigenous people clipart with special thanks to Barbara Tyrrel Arthur's South Africa Peoples and Places 1stdragoon.gif bhacagir.gif bhacawom.gif bhakaboy.gif bhakawitchdr.gif blockhouse.gif BOER.GIF Carry.gif cooltower.gif corbelled.gif Crush.gif Dance.gif declerk.gif Diviner.gif dovecote.gif headgear.gif Hoeing.gif Hutmake.gif Khoihse.gif Matmake.gif mill.gif NDEBEL.GIF NDEBEL1.GIF NDEBEL2.GIF NDEBEL3.GIF Ndebele.gif nelsonm.gif nganegirl.gif nganemaid.gif nganewar.gif

65. The Probert Encyclopaedia - People And Peoples (T-V) Tasaday The Tasaday are an indigenous people of the term for a cave dweller, designatingcertain peoples in the tswana The tswana are the majority ethnic group http://www.vets.com/questionmanager/encyclopaedia/ency1/CE.HTM

People and Peoples (T-V) T. J. Jarvis T J Jarvis was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of North Carolina from 1879 until 1885. T. R. Caldwell T R Caldwell was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of North Carolina from 1871 until 1874. T. T. Geer T T Geer was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Oregon from 1899 until 1903. T.G. Finkbinder T.G Finkbinder is an actor. T.K. Carter T.K Carter is an actor. T.P. McKenna T.P McKenna is an actor. Taanguts The Tanguts are a nomadic, pastoral Tibetan people of the Kan-su province of China Tab Hunter Tab Hunter is an actor. He was born in 1931. Tacunas see " Ticunas Taffy OConnell Taffy OConnell is an actress. Tagalog The Tagalog are the majority ethnic group living around Manila on the island of Luzon , in the Philippines , who number about 10 million. The Tagalog live by fishing and trading. In its standardized form, known as Pilipino, Tagalog is the official language of the Philippines, and belongs to the Western branch of the Austronesian family. The Tagalog religion is a mixture of animism, Christianity, and Islam.

66. SOUTH AFRICAN EMBASSY - ANKARA / TURKEY A DIVERSITY OF peoples. English and Afrikaans include Xhosa, Sotho, Venda, tswana,Tsonga, Pedi These indigenous languages are as different to each other as http://www.southafrica.org.tr/eng/tourism10.htm

T Tourist Publications - Welcome to South Africa WELCOME TO SOUTH AFRICA PUTTING SOUTH AFRICA ON THE MAP South Africa is a magnificent country blessed with extraordinary natural beauty and a rich cultural heritage. Its climate runs from temperate to sub-tropical; its landscapes range from stark desert to spectacular mountain to lush grassland and forest; its peoples can be found in rural subsistence communities or in cities as sophisticated and cosmopolitan as anywhere in the world. Situated at the southern tip of the African continent, South Africa has a land area of 1,3 million square kms (500,000 square miles), five times the size of Great Britain, and greater than California, Nevada, Utah and Arizona combined. This impressive stretch of land runs from the great Limpopo River in the north, all the way down to the Cape of Good Hope and Cape Agulhas on the southernmost coast - a distance of nearly 2 000 kms (1 240 miles). Washed by the bracing Atlantic Ocean on the west and the balmy Indian Ocean on the east, South Africa has 3 600 kms of coastline (2 236 miles), so there is no shortage of stunning beaches for lovers of sunshine and water-sports.

67. Worldstats: Providing Information About Our World! descending from the earliest settlers and the indigenous peoples. 1.5% (60% of Indians),indigenous beliefs and Pedi, Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, tswana, Venda, Xhosa http://www.worldstats.org/world/south_africa.shtml

Home Countries Big Cities World ... Useful Links South Africa Quick Overview: Geography: Location: Southern Africa, at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Area: total: 1,219,912 sq km land: 1,219,912 sq km note: includes Prince Edward Islands (Marion Island and Prince Edward Island) water: sq km Land boundaries: total: 4,862 km border countries: Botswana 1,840 km, Lesotho 909 km, Mozambique 491 km, Namibia 967 km, Swaziland 430 km, Zimbabwe 225 km Elevation extremes: lowest point: Atlantic Ocean m highest point: Njesuthi 3,408 m Geography - note: South Africa completely surrounds Lesotho and almost completely surrounds Swaziland People: Population: note: South Africa took a census October 1996 that showed a population of 40,583,611 (after an official adjustment for a 6.8% underenumeration based on a postenumeration survey); estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.) Population growth rate: 0.02% (2002 est.)

68. Untitled 2. CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY Southern africa was originally inhabited by indigenouspeoples whose main including Zulu, Sotho, Xhosa and tswana peoples. http://www.law.qub.ac.uk/humanrts/emergency/safrica/saf1.htm

69. Rhino Safaris originally referred to the language of one group of indigenous people in The economicpursuits of Lunda peoples are dictated by the region in tswana Botswana http://www.rhino-safaris.com/people.htm

Botswana Buschmänner Mbukushu Tswana Namibia Herero Himba Owambo Zambia Lozi Lunda Buschmänner (San) - Namibia, Botswana. Das Word 'San' verwies urprünglich auf die Sprache eines im südlichen Afrika heimischen Volkes, deren gesamte Sprachgruppe als 'Khoisan' bezeichnet wurde und die auch Khoi-Khoi Dialekte umfaßte. Bald fiel der Ausdruck 'Buschmann' in Ungnade und die Europäer verwenden seither den Überbegriff 'San' für nicht negerartige Rassen des südlichen Afrikas. Heute leben etwa 40 000 Buschmänner auf dem Gebiet von Namibia. Nur ein kleiner Teil von ihnen lebt noch in der angestammten Weise als Jäger und Sammler. Schon in frühen Zeiten wurden die Buschmänner von anderen Völkern verachtet, gehaßt und verfolgt. Es wird heute von Wissenschaftlern angenommen, daß die Lebensweise der nomadischen Buschmänner seit etwa 20 000 Jahren unverändert geblieben ist. Die Buschmänner sind im heutigen Namibia und Botswana weitgehend ihrer natürlichen Lebensweise beraubt. Freie Jagd ist unzulässig und die Regierungen beider Länder bemühen sich die San mit allen Mitteln zur Seßhaftigkeit zu bewegen. Herero - Namibia, Botswana.

70. Home Page Press Releases / In The Media / Newsletters / Speeches of the International Alliance of indigenous peoples of the for the Tebtebba Foundation(indigenous Centre for Zulu, Xhosa, and tswana peoples attended, to http://www.dams.org/news_events/newsletter5.htm

Press Releases In the Media Newsletters Speeches ... Home Newsletters: March 2001 December 2000 August 2000 April 2000 December 1999 September 1999 June 1999 March 1999 December 1998 Official Newsletter of the World Commission on Dams No.5 December 1999 Contents: Message from the Chair: Divergent Interests Emerge in Commission's Africa-Middle East Meeting No "Sneak Previews" of Commissioners' Views Forum is Potential Linchpin in Keeping WCD Ideas Alive Who's Saying What About WCD? ... Calendar of Events Message from the Chair: It's Not Just About Dams With less than eight months left to complete our work, the Commission has entered its final and critical phase. During the Commission's Regional Consultation for Africa/Middle East and our sixth Commission meeting, both held in Cairo in December, we took stock of our work and assessed it in light of the experience of other and previous global commissions. Based on our work to date, it is becoming clear that our final report will need to tackle head-on issues such as the following: the scope for influencing the supply and demand for water and energy services in varying contexts and economies redefining the options assessment process to create a more level playing field the effect of dams on indigenous people and the broader issue of competing rights and interests within societies the state of knowledge of hydropower as a clean energy option the changing global economy and financial world and implications for dam financing compliance with laws and policies and the need for effective incentives and sanctions

71. Musées Afrique indigenous Knowledge in South Tsonga, Swazi, Lovedu,Bushman, tswana, Shona, Chopi Aquarelles de Joy Adamson peoples of Kenya . http://www.unil.ch/gybn/Arts_Peuples/Ex_Africa/ex_Af_musaf.html

MUSEES Afrique Afrique du Sud Angola Botswana Burkina Faso ... Zimbabwe ou plusieurs oeuvres majeures. Afrique du Sud Cape Town South African National Gallery Government Avenue ma-di 10-17 Arts de la perle / Expositions temporaires Cape Town - Gardens South African Museum 25 Queen Victoria Street lu-di 10-17 terres cuites de Lydenburg San (peintures rupestres), Zimb abwe Tsonga , Khoikhoi, Sotho, Nguni, Shona, Lovedu... Exposition " Ulwazi Lwemvelo - Indigenous Knowledge in South Africa Cape Town - Rosebank University of Cape Town Irma Stern Museum Cecil Road ma-sa 10-17 Arts de Zanzibar et du Congo: Lega, Luba Durban Art Gallery City Hall lu-sa 8.30-16; di 11-16 Durban Local History Museum Aliwal Street East London East London Museum lu-ve 9.30-17; sa 9.30-12 Grahamstown Albany Museum. Natural Sciences and History Museums Somerset Street lu-ve 9-13 / 14-17; sa-di 14-17 Johannesburg MuseuMAfricA Newtown Cultural Precinct Bree Street ma-di 9-17 Histoire culturelle de l'Afrique australe. Peintures rupestres (Museum of South African Rock Art)

72. General Human Rights Bibliography Value and SelfIdentity Among the tswana of South K. 1987 Women and Law in SouthernAfrica. The Political Struggle of the Guayana Region's indigenous peoples . http://www.aaanet.org/committees/cfhr/biblio.htm

Academic Relations Ethics Government Relations Public Policy ... Minority Issues E-mail address: Password: Forgot password? Need help? Press Room Members in the News ... Administer a Listing Max Rows: Go to AAA Home General Human Rights Bibliography Robert K. Hitchcock University of Nebraska Abdul-Rauf, Muhammad The Islamic View of Women and the Family. New York: Robert Speller and Sons. Abramovitz, Janet and Roberta Nichols 1992 "Women and Biodiversity: Ancient Reality, Modern Imperative". Development Adalian, Rouben 1991 "The Armenian Genocide: Context and Legacy". Social Education Adams, Carol J., ed. Ecofeminism and the Sacred. New York, New York: Continuum Publishing Group. Adegbite, L.O. 1968 "African Attitudes to the International Protection of Human Rights". In International Protection of Human Rights, ed. A Eide, H Shue, pp. 60-81. New York: Interscience. Adler, Leonore Loeb

73. Adam Carr's Electoral Archive Tsonga (4%), Swazi (2%) and Venda (1%) peoples. Ndebele, Pedi, Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga,tswana, Venda, Xhosa Hindu 1.5% (60% of Indians), indigenous beliefs and http://psephos.adam-carr.net/southafrica/statssouthafrica.html

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA NATIONAL STATISTICS AND POLITICAL SYSTEM Official name: Republic of South Africa (Since South Africa has 11 official languages, the country has 11 official names. The English form is most widely used.) Location: Southern Africa International organisations: The African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States The African Union The Non-Aligned Movement The United Nations ... The World Trade Organisation Borders: Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, Swaziland, Zimbabwe Coastline: Indian Ocean, South Atlantic Ocean Land area: 1,219,912 Km2 Population: 43,600,000 Ethnicity: About 74% of South Africans are of black African descent. The largest ethnic groups are the Zulu (19%), Xhosa (15%), Pedi (8%), Tswana (6%), Sotho (6%), Tsonga (4%), Swazi (2%) and Venda (1%) peoples. About 14% of the population are of European descent, these being mainly Afrikaaners (of Dutch descent) (8%) and English (6%). About 9% of the population describe themselves as Coloured, meaning of mixed African, European and/or East Asian descent. About 3% of the population is of Indian descent. Languages: South Africa has 11 official languages: Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Pedi, Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa and Zulu. In practice English is the language of government and business. Most of the African population speak an African language plus Afrikaans or English or both. The Coloured population mainly speak Afrikaans.

74. Untitled came to be dominated by foreign peoples. Malagasy, Zulu, Xhosa, Creole, tswana, Sesotho,Shona Religions include indigenous beliefs, Muslim (mostly Eastern http://www.osearth.com/resources/sampleNWG/NWG_beta/reports/ssa/hist.html

Sub Saharan Africa National Archives Report from Head Archivist Sub-Saharan Africa was originally inhabited by a group of people who were probably the forefathers of the Pygmies, Bushmen and Hottentots of today. In 30,000 BC, they were pushed to the Northwest and South by another group of people who were taller and larger. Sub-Saharan Africa was home to several great kingdoms before European colonization. The Ghana Empire, which began in the fourth century and reached its height in the tenth century, commanding most of the area between Timbuktu and the Atlantic Ocean. The Mali Empire (also known as the Madingo Empire) was a trading kingdom which controlled most of West Africa as well as the city of Timbuktu and extended into the southern Sahara. Under Mansa Musa, the Mali Empire reached its apogee in the fourteenth century. The Arab traveler Ibn Batuta visited and wrote on the Mali empire in the mid-fourteenth century. Africa came to be dominated by foreign peoples. The Portuguese were the first to explore Sub-Saharan Africa in 1270. By the nineteenth century, Sub-Saharan Africa had been colonized by almost every European nation and was host to a series of battles, conflicts of interest and treaties. The dynamics of this colonial period for the most part determined Africa's borders today. Countries include: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Reunion, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.

75. People - Culture And History - Tourism Of Botswana When groups of tswana peoples later began to move marginal existence, whether in largertswana villages or second largest group of indigenous huntergatherers http://www.gov.bw/tourism/culture_and_his/people.html

Your browser does not support script The Batswana people at the celebration Botswana has an estimated population of 1.6 million (in 1999), about 60% have Tswana origin. About 75 per cent of the people of Botswana live in the eastern part of the country - in medium to large agricultural or urban settlements. The remaining 25 per cent live in the west of the country in smaller settlements. About 20 per cent of the total population lives in the four major urban areas - Gaborone Francistown Lobatse and Selebi-Phikwe BATSWANA The Tswana people are the largest group in Botswana and traditionally comprise of almost half or more of the country's total population. The three major Tswana groups were the Bakwena (who eventually came to settle on the Molepolole area), the Bangwato (who eventually came to settle the Shoshong/Palapye/ Serowe areas), and the Bangwaketse (who eventually came to settle the Kanye area). The Batswana are essentially agriculturalists with strong pastoral customs. Cattle are of extreme importance, both socially and economically. The number of cattle a man owns defines his wealth, and indicates his status and prestige. In the past, cattle were vital in the propitiation of the ancestors, the transfer of bride price and in other rituals. Today, cattle are still used as payment by a man's family to the family of his prospective wife, to compensate for the loss of one of the family (though this tradition is declining in the urban areas). Cattle also act as security against misfortune, as in times of need they can be sold or exchanged for other goods.

76. Lecture: Kalahari Ecology & Politics most tswana have 3part econ farmlands, cattle posts eg, 70s-80s SW Afr peoples Org(SWAPO) pushes into actually Khomani San won only indigenous land claim in http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~anthro/courses/306/kalahari.html

Kalahari "Hunter-Gatherers" 10-15 Oct 2002 cf. Namib desert, much drier rain widely variable; 239 mm in drought of 1963-64, 600 mm in 1967-68 Okavango Swamp near center, Okav. Riv, but mainly dry/ephemrl rivers Peoples of Kalahari ling, econ, self-ID categories crosscut; geog variation too to extent that this disagrees w/Gordon, follow this NIGER-KARDOFANIAN PHYLUM KHOISAN PHYLUM Bantu lang family Khoe lang family !Kung lang family Herero (PRIMARILY HERDERS) Tswana (PRIMARILY HERDERS, MIXED ECONOMY) Khoekhoe Khoe Bushmen (FORAGERS, MIXED ECONOMY) Bushmen (MIXED ECONOMY: FORAGERS, FISHERS, CATTLE POST WORKERS, HERDERS); various groups including !Kung people in Angola Ju/'oasi in Botswana/Namibia Bantus Herero f/western stream of bantu exp, basically pure pastoralist, into cows Herero women dress emulates turn-cent German garb; remarkable as Germans exterminated most of them (see related article Germans in Namibia. 1904, herero attacked settlers. Germ sent general known for butchery; pushed them into desert, poisoned waterholes, shot many, put rest in labor camps. Pop went from 80k in 1907 to 15k in 1911. Herero women forced into sexual slavery so many mixed-race offspring; German studies in teens classify them as genetically inferior. Hitler reads the studies in prison in 1923 and used its notion of subhuman races in Mein Kampf.

77. GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Africa - Namibia - People and Portuguese), Nama, Caprivian (Lozi), Bushman, and tswana. Kavango, and East Caprivianpeoples, who occupy The Africans speak various indigenous languages. http://www.geographyiq.com/countries/wa/Namibia_people_summary.htm

Home World Map Rankings Currency Converter Countries from A to Z A B C D ... Namibia (Notes) Namibia - People (Notes) PEOPLE Namibians are of diverse ethnic origins. The principal groups are the Ovambo, Kavango, Herero/Himba, Damara, mixed race ('Colored' and Rehoboth Baster), white (Afrikaner, German, and Portuguese), Nama, Caprivian (Lozi), Bushman, and Tswana. The Ovambo make up about half of Namibia's people. The Ovambo, Kavango, and East Caprivian peoples, who occupy the relatively well-watered and wooded northern part of the country, are settled farmers and herders. Historically, they have shown little interest in the central and southern parts of Namibia, where conditions do not suit their traditional way of life. Until the early 1900s, these tribes had little contact with the Nama, Damara, and Herero, who roamed the central part of the country vying for control of sparse pastureland. German colonial rule destroyed the warmaking ability of the tribes but did not erase their identities or traditional organization. People from the more populous north have settled throughout the country in recent decades as a result of urbanization, industrialization, and the demand for labor. The modern mining, farming, and industrial sectors of the economy, controlled by the white minority, have affected traditional African society without transforming it. Urban and migratory workers have adopted Western ways, but in rural areas, traditional society remains intact.

78. GoaToday-March 1998(South Africa's Surprises) coast where they were the first indigenous people to Sotho (North and South) and Tswanapopulated the cater to South africa's diverse peoples, the constitution http://www.goacom.com/goatoday/98/mar/keni.html

C O N T E N T S Cover Story... Editorial... Letters... From My Balcao... ... People... Feature Articles Memorable Music... God's Own?... South Africa's Surprises... Transport Titan.. ... A R C H I V E S TRAVEL South Africa's Surprises It is not for nothing that South Africa is known as the 'Rainbow Country', says Chandrakant Keni. In addition to 11 official languages and several ethnic groups, the country even has 20,00 Konkani-speaking people A safari to see the Big Five - lion, rhino, buffalo, leopard and elephant - roaming free in their natural habitat is one of South Africa's greatest attractions. There are several such parks in that country, but Mala Mala is reputed to be the top safari in the world. It is an exciting experience in the midst of the dense African bush. Quite accidentally we caught sight of a wild bull - at least a bull-like animal - casually piercing one of its horns in the trunk of a high and apparently dried tree. Water gushed out from the trunk of the tree and the bull quenched its thirst in royal style. The sound of gushing water attracted a variety of thirsty animals and birds who flocked around the tree to have their share of water. Was it a miracle? My driver, a gentleman of Indian origin, told me that the name of the tree was Baobab. It is a most unusual deciduous tree of Africa. The interior of its trunk, which may develop up to 9 metres in diameter, and the lower branches are soft and spongy and can store large quantity of water. They are leafless for most of the year, to reduce water loss. It is a slow growing tree reaching up to 18 metres in height and lives for thousands of years.

79. Armoria Patriæ - South Africa (2000) South Sotho (Sesotho sa Borwa), tswana (Setswana) and inferior” status of the indigenouspeoples under apartheid covers Central and Southern africa from the http://www.geocities.com/landswapen/SA2000E.html

South Africa Mzantsi Afrika Afrika Borwa Suid-Afrika Ningizumu Afrika Afrika Dzonga Afrika Sewula Afrika Tshipembe Circle of foundation Motto Circle of ascendance Languages/names of South Africa Arms taken into use on 27 April 2000 and published (Notice 425) in Government Gazette No 21 131 of 28 April 2000. This device is the product of a design studio and is not a work of heraldry. However there is a blazon, which reads: Arms: Or, representations of two San human figures of red ochre, statant respectant, the hands of the innermost arms clasped, with upper arm, inner wrist, waist and knee bands Argent, and a narrow border of red ochre; the shield ensigned of a spear and knobkierie in saltire, Sable. Thereabove a demi-secretary bird displayed Or, charged on the breast with a stylised representation of a protea flower with outer petals Vert, inner petals or and seeded of nine triangles conjoined in three rows, the upper triangle Gules, the second row Vert, Or inverted and Vert, and the third row Vert, Or inverted, Sable, Or inverted and Vert. Above the head of the secretary bird an arc of seven rays facetted Or and Orange, the two outer rays conjoined to the elevated wings. Upon a riband vert, the motto

80. Armoria Patriæ - North-West Province in natural colours (proper), which represents the tswana culture of the indigenouspeoples whose tribal would appear to be a use uncommon in South africa. http://uk.geocities.com/landswapen/9prov/NorthWest.html

North-West Province Provinsie Noord-Wes British Bechuanaland Arms for the North West Province registered with the Bureau of Heraldry on 7 May 1999. The blazon reads: Arms: Per saltire Gules and Azure, a saltire quadrate Vert, fimbriated Argent, charged in the centre with a representation of a calabash water container within a leather thong cradle, Or; the shield ensigned of a circlet edged Argent, the centre Or, resting thereupon a pair of horns Argent supporting a sunflower proper. Supporters: Two sable antelopes proper, horned and unguled Or. Motto: Kagiso le Tswelelopele. Arms explained: These arms constitute the only device among the nine provinces which is explicitly based on the colours and (to some extent) forms of the national flag brought into use on 27 April 1994. This is perhaps because the province is a new creation under a régime unwilling to acknowledge that it is based essentially on the “independent” homeland state the Republic of Bophuthatswana The field is divided diagonally into quarters, red above and below

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