41. Thailand Directory. Adoption Sites, Adoption Community, Adoption Shop, AdoptionReunion, International Adoption. thailand history. Historical Background http://thailand.adoption.com/files/history/Thailand.php?country=Thailand

42. Thailand's History A synopsis of thailand's history from 3600BC, through the Khmer Empire in the 12thcentury, Thai city states in the 12th, 13th 14th centuries, disputes with http://www.csmngt.com/thailand_history.htm

Scattered throughout Thailand are ancient walled cities and huge ancient temples. Today's Thailand represents the evolving cultural / societal development of a contiguous civilization, one with an archeological record dating back over 5000 years. Thai History Timeline Chart. Thailand Home Page Lore of Thai Kings and Burmese Princes settling national disputes through Elephant Jousting in The Warriors and Builders are both well represented in Thai history. The history of the Thai people is interesting and diverse. The Chinese / T'ai emigration followed by the Indian ( Hindu ) emigration, diverse immigrants mixing with the indigenous people. The T'ai followed river valleys from what is now China into Southeast Asia. The spread and convergence of people with diverse cultural, lingual and religious backgrounds. The Mon / Buddhist societal standard is a dominant influence in current Thai day to day life. By the tenth century the Mons, from what is today Burma, had established themselves in Central Thailand and had established small Buddhist kingdoms in an area from Nakhon Pathon ( on the Korat Plateau ) to Chiang Mai.

43. Thailand's Sala Net - Interactive Guide To Thailand, It's Provinces, Cities And Concidered the dawn of thailand. history/Ayuttaya 1350 1767 http://www.sala.net/Thailand/history.html

Logout Search: Create an Account You have Private Messages Home Headlines Forums EMail ... Your Account Main Home Submit News Stories Archive Search ... Topics Members : Your Account Your EMail Private Messages Members List ... AddressBook Community : Classifieds Forums Feedback Recommend Us ... soc.culture.thai Reference : Thailand Gallery RoyalTree Web Links - Select - Submit New Most Popular Top Rated Downloads - Select - Submit New Most Popular Top Rated Stats : Top 10 Surveys VisitorMap UserPoints Who's Online There are currently, 43 guest(s) and member(s) online. You are Anonymous user. You can register for free by clicking here Login Nickname Password Don't have an account yet? You can create one . As a registered user you have some advantages like theme manager, comments configuration and post comments with your name. Calendar Bangkok Patana Spring Break April 2003 S M T W T F S Random Dictionary Your random word is: Falter (v. t.) To thrash in the chaff; also, to cleanse or sift, as barley. Search Dictionary: Exact Starts with Ends With Contains TopVisitors TopTen Countries visiting Thailand's Sala Net. United States Australia Thailand Netherlands ... See all Countries TopLists Pattayanet ThailandWeb.org

44. History Details The French appeared on the scene of Thai history in the reign of King Narai(1657 TheBritish goal of using the Indian opium in thailand like the British did in http://www.csmngt.com/history_details.htm

Thai Beaches Golden Triangle Bangkok Thailand Home Page ... Thai History Home Page 3600 BC Bronze age culture at Ban Chiang, near Udon. This is possibly the oldest Bronze Age culture on Earth. 600 B.C. Chinese T'ai migration recorded 300 B.C. Indian migration recorded 01 AD - 1000 AD By the 1st century AD Indian traders to the Indochina peninsula had brought the Hindu religion to Thailand. By the tenth century the Mons, from what is today Burma, had established themselves in Central Thailand and had established small Buddhist kingdoms in an area from Nakhon Pathon ( on the Korat Plateau ) to Chiang Mai. Suriyavarman II built Angkor Wat, just south and east of Thailand in today's Cambodia. First Thai Kingdom without Khmer domination, "Dawn of Happiness", Sukhothai, in the North Central region of present Thailand. Thai Alphabet, using as a basis the Mon, Khmer and Indian scripts.

45. THAI History - The Origins Of Thais Thais Khmer Influence Lanna Period Sukhothai Period Ayutthaya Period Ratanakosin Period World War II Post War SunSITE thailand at Assumption http://sunsite.au.ac.th/thailand/thai_his/

The origins of Thais Khmer Influence Lanna Period Sukhothai Period ... SunSITE Thailand at Assumption University Welcome for all comments at www@sunsite.au.ac.th Internet AuNet Center Assumption University of Thailand (Updated : February , 1999)

46. Thailand's Sala Net - Interactive Guide To Thailand, It's Provinces, Cities And Members List Stocks Currency Headlines AddressBook Community Classifieds ForumsFeedback Recommend Us soc.culture.thai Reference thailand Gallery RoyalTree http://www.sala.net/Thailand/History/early.html

Logout Search: Create an Account You have Private Messages Home Headlines Forums EMail ... Your Account Main Home Submit News Stories Archive Search ... Topics Members : Your Account Your EMail Private Messages Members List ... AddressBook Community : Classifieds Forums Feedback Recommend Us ... soc.culture.thai Reference : Thailand Gallery RoyalTree Web Links - Select - Submit New Most Popular Top Rated Downloads - Select - Submit New Most Popular Top Rated Stats : Top 10 Surveys VisitorMap UserPoints Who's Online There are currently, 43 guest(s) and member(s) online. You are Anonymous user. You can register for free by clicking here Login Nickname Password Don't have an account yet? You can create one . As a registered user you have some advantages like theme manager, comments configuration and post comments with your name. Calendar Bangkok Patana Spring Break April 2003 S M T W T F S Random Dictionary Your random word is: Sentiment (a.) A sentence, or passage, considered as the expression of a thought; a maxim; a saying; a toast. Search Dictionary: Exact Starts with Ends With Contains TopVisitors TopTen Countries visiting Thailand's Sala Net.

47. Thailand's History It is difficult to determine the type of culture which existed in thailand beforethe Christian era, since no written records or chronologies exist but http://www.amazing-thailand.com/History.html

Where to Go Next It is difficult to determine the type of culture which existed in Thailand before the Christian era, since no written records or chronologies exist but archeological excavations in the area north of Nakorn Ratcahsima indicate that there were people living there over 4000 years ago. However, by the 6th century AD thriving agricultural communities were established from as far north as Lamphun to Pattani in Southern Thailand . Theravada Buddhism was flourishing, and probably entered the region around the 2nd or 3rd centuries BC when Indian missionaries were said to have been sent to a land called "Suvarnabhumi". (An area comprising Burma, Central Thailand and Cambodia). The Dvaravati period, a loose collection of city states, centred around the Nakhon Pathom area, and lasted until the 11th century when it quickly declined under the political domination of invading Khmers. During the 13th century several Thai principalities in the Mekong valley united and took Haripunchai from the Mons and the Sukhothai area from the Khmers. The Sukhothai kingdom declared its independence in 1238 and quickly began to expand. At its height the kingdom stretched from Nakhon Si Thammarat in the south to Vientiane in Laos, and Pegu in Burma. Sukhothai is considered by most Thai historians to be the first true Thai kingdom.

48. Thailand - History history. Archeological discoveries around the northeast hamlet of Ban Chiang suggeststhat the world's oldest Bronze Age civilization had flourished in thailand http://www.marimari.com/content/thailand/general_info/history/history.html

HOME Hotel Tour Cruise ... Car Select Destination Australia Bali Brunei China Hong Kong Japan Korea Macau Malaysia Myanmar New Zealand Philippines Singapore Taiwan Thailand Vietnam THAILAND Hotels In Thailand Popular Places Best of Thailand Entertainment ... General Info TRAVEL TOOLS Weather Check Currency Converter TimeZone Converter Language Translator ... Stock Index MARIMARI.COM About Us Contact Us Join Us Press Room ... Site Map General Info Economy l Geography l History l Miscellaneous l People l Religion History Archeological discoveries around the northeast hamlet of Ban Chiang suggests that the world's oldest Bronze Age civilization had flourished in Thailand some 5,600 years ago. Successive waves of immigrants, including Mons, Khmers, and Tais gradually entered the land mass known then as Siam, most of whom traveled slowly along fertile river valleys from Southern China. By the 11th and 12th Century, Khmers ruled much of the area from Angkor. By the early 1200s, the Tais had established small northern city states in Lanna, Phayao, and Sukhothai. In 1238, two Tai chieftains rebelled against Khmer suzerainty and established the fully independent Thai kingdom in Sukhothai (literally, 'Dawn of Happiness').

49. MapZones.com History thailand, history, Back to Top. It is natural to think that the history of thailandis the history of the Thai people, but in fact it is much more than that. http://www.mapzones.com/world/asia/thailand/historyindex.php

Country Info Thailand Introduction Thailand General Data Thailand Maps Thailand Culture ... Thailand Time and Date Thailand History Back to Top Although Thailand only recently took its current name and assumed its present-day borders, its history extends back many thousands of years. One of the pervasive themes of the country’s history has been the ability of its inhabitants to adapt to, and accommodate, the changes that have constantly surrounded them. The modern Thai are descended from a much larger group of peoples who speak Tai languages. Tai-speaking peoples are found from extreme northeastern India in the west to northern Vietnam in the east and as far south as the central Malay Peninsula. In the past scholars held that a parent group called the Proto-Tai originated in southern China and pushed south and west from the China landmass into northern mainland Southeast Asia. Most scholars now believe that the Tai came from northern Vietnam around the Dien Bien Phu area and that about 1,000 years ago they spread from there northward into southern China, westward into southwestern China, northern Myanmar (Burma) and northeastern India, and southward into what are now Laos and Thailand. It is natural to think that the history of Thailand is the history of the Thai people, but in fact it is much more than that. The Thai were relative latecomers on the scene, becoming the majority of the region’s population only 700 or 800 years ago. The lands now included in Thailand have been inhabited for 4,000 or 5,000 years. Even long ago, people of the region were adept at adopting new technologies and absorbing new populations.

50. Thailand's History thailand's Main Page. thailand's history/Background. thailand Before1932, thailand's history can be divided into three kingdoms. Under http://www.asianinfo.org/asianinfo/thailand/pro-history.htm

Home About Us Search Thailand's Main Page Thailand's History/Background Thailand was known for centuries as Siam and is the only country in Southeast Asia that was never colonized. It has been a constitutional monarchy ever since 1932 and has a parliamentarian form of government. Before 1932, Thailand's history can be divided into three kingdoms. Under the Sukhothai Kingdom ( , the King had absolute power over his subjects and paid close attention to their well-being, this was known as the paternalistic system of government. Following the Sukhothai Kingdom was the Ayutthaya Kingdom, which inherited extensive Khmer traditions and customs. Their system of government was based on the concept of divine rights. During this period, a clear division was seen between the civil and military administration and a strong centralized government. In 1767, with the establishment of the Rattanakosin Kingdom, the Ayutthaya system of government was adapted. During the late 19th century, the basis of the present system was formed by King Rama V when he carried out a a major reorganization of the central regional and local administrations. Back to Top...

51. World Travel Guide - Thailand - History And Government World Travel Guide thailand - history Government - includes informationon the constitution and politics. WORLDTRAVELGUIDE.NET, http://www.travel-guide.com/data/tha/tha580.asp

OAS_sitepage = URL + '/South-EastAsia/Thailand/HistoryandGovernment'; WORLD TRAVEL GUIDE .NET GUIDES World Travel Guide World City Guide World Airport Guide World Cruise Guide ... World Weather TOOLS Holiday Brochures Mini Guide Online Bookstore World Clock ... Reservations APPENDICES How to Use This Guide Health Disabled Travellers Buddhism ... Travel Warnings LANGUAGES Deutsch Dutch Español Français ... Thailand History and Government History: The Kingdom of Thailand (known as Siam until 1939) was ruled by the Khmers, based in what is now neighbouring Cambodia, during the 11th and 12th centuries. In 1238, two Thai chieftains rebelled against Khmer domination and established the first independent Thai kingdom. Ayutthaya, to the north of Bangkok, was the capital of the kingdom from the early 1300s, until its destruction by Burmese invaders in 1767. The Burmese were quickly forced out and the monarchy re-established. The absolute rule of the monarchy lasted until 1932, when it was replaced by a system of constitutional monarchy. Business Profile Chart Thai (Thai Nation), took office. But the appointment of General Suchinda as premier caused public fury and it took the intervention of King Bhumibol, revered as a semi-deity by many Thais, to calm the situation. Bhumibol turned to the technocrat, Anand Panyarachun, who had played a leading role in the aftermath of the 1991 coup, to take charge pending alterations to the constitution and new elections. These took place in September 1992, returning the liberal

52. SMILE-A-DAY WORLD - AMAZING THAILAND - History Of Thailand Prehistory. For example, in the Ban Chieng area of north-east thailandPrehistoric tools from the Chiang Saen region of northern thailand. http://www.smile-a-day.com/making_of_a_nation.shtml

Amazing Thailand The Making of a Nation Thailand is one of the few countries in the world which has never been colonised. The first independent Thai Kingdom was established in 1238, but the origins of Thailand and the Thai people go back much further. Pre-History The central area of Indochina from the Maekhong River valley to the Khorat Plateau was inhabited as far back as 10,000 years. Linguistic scholars can trace origins of ancient Chinese to an earlier Thai language. Archaeology gives us several pointers to early development of the human race in the area. For example, in the Ban Chieng area of north-east Thailand: Prehistoric tools from the Chiang Saen region of northern Thailand. Dating from about 3,000 BC these artifacts from Ban Chieng in north-east Thailand. Ban Chieng bronze musical instruments show a high degree of design sophistication. Ban Chieng artists and potters were equally accomplished. People dressed well and printed their own silk textiles. Rice may have been cultivated as early as 4,000 BC (China was still largely growing and consuming millet, although evidence does suggest that rice was first cultivated in the Yangtze valley c. 6500 BC) Bronze metallurgy began c. 1700-1500 BC.

53. SMILE-A-DAY WORLD - AMAZING THAILAND - History Of Thailand Fantastic Site Tools CLICK HERE Amazing thailand 1686 Map of Old Siam. smile-a-day.com,is a part of, escati.com. Surround Yourself With Success - CLICK HERE. http://www.smile-a-day.com/french-map.shtml

Amazing Thailand 1686 Map of Old Siam is a part of Power of the 'Net - CLICK HERE Fun page about SFI Back Home

54. Royalty.nu - Royalty In Thailand - History Of Siam About Thai royal gifts to the United States of America. Illustrated withcolor photos. thailand A Short history by David K. Wyatt. (UK). http://www.royalty.nu/Asia/Thailand/

Royalty.nu World Royalty Asia > Thailand > Thai Royal News Books About Thailand and Siam Search Royalty in Thailand The Chakkri dynasty has reigned in Thailand since 1782. At the dawn of the 20th century, the country then called Siam was ruled by King Chulalongkorn, who was the son of Mongkut , the king portrayed by Yul Brynner in "The King and I." Chulalongkorn abolished slavery and otherwize modernized the country. He died in 1910 and was succeeded by two of his sons, one after the other first Vajiravudh and then, in 1925, Prajadhipok. In 1935 the throne passed to Prajadhipok's nephew Ananda Mahidol. When he died unexpectedly in 1946 (shot under mysterious circumstances), his younger brother became king. That brother, Bhumibol Adulyadej, known as King Rama IX, is still alive and has reigned longer than any other living monarch, although his real power is limited. News March 8, 2003 - The king of Thailand has reportedly left the hospital and returned home. He recently underwent a hernia operation. March 4, 2003

55. Nielloware In Thailand - History In Thailand Nielloware in thailand history in thailand In the history of thailandthere has been a fluctuation of the popularity of Nielloware. http://dana.ucc.nau.edu/~rv28/etc567/Nielloware/hthailand.htm

Nielloware in Thailand - History in Thailand Development of Nielloware in Thailand. Did Niello originate in Thailand? Although Professor Sawai Suthipitak clearly stated that the origin of Nielloware remained "an unresolved question" There are no doubts, however, about the importance of Nielloware as a symbol to highlight the importance of selected nobility positions. The first mention of Nielloware in Thai recorded history comes from the Royal Family Laws during the reign of King Trai Lok Nat (1448-1488). The Three Seals Law appears in these documents. This law states that "a land-holding nobleman in the 10,000-order rank was entitled to govern a city and to hold a black Niello-ware ceremonial pedestal and tray to show his official rank" Phunjabhan indicates that also during the Ayutthaya period there was a mention of Niello in Luang Ha Wat's testament (1991). Most authors agree on the importance of Niello in the court of King Narai of Ayutthaya (1656 - 1688), as evidenced by the chronicles of the kingdom. The chronicles register presents sent by King Narai to King Louis XIV in France and also to one of the Popes in Rome. King Narai requested from the viceroy of NST to have one of the best artisans in the city create these special pieces. After reviewing the work of different scholars it is still unclear if Niello production started first in Ayutthaya or in NST. Besides those two cities Niello was also made in Ubon Ratchathani and Chantaburi, although the quality and amount of Niello products from these cities are considered minor. After the decline of Niello production in Ayutthaya, during the Rattanakosin era there was a resurgence in the production of Niello. Nonetheless, the importance of Niello in the court seems to have remained constant. According to Punjabhan some of the best examples of Thai Nielloware were created in NST as presents offered for different sovereigns

56. Nielloware In Thailand - History: Overview Nielloware in thailand history Overview Origin - Overview ofthe history of Nielloware around the world. Most civilizations http://dana.ucc.nau.edu/~rv28/etc567/Nielloware/history.htm

Nielloware in Thailand - History : Overview Origin - Overview of the history of Nielloware around the world. Most civilizations have devised ways to beautify their metal objects. Some of the methods used for ornamenting metals are hammering, chiseling, engraving, inlay, Niello, enamelling, etc. It has been argued that decorating metal objects with other metals of contrasting colors is simple by creating alloys that melt easily. For instance, dark color alloys can be produced without much difficulty through melting specific metals . Therefore, the early history of an art such as Niello is difficult to establish. The origin of Niello has been to Egypt during the 18th dynasty (c. 1540 BC - c. 1292 BC), or in Crete or Mycenae around the same time . According to Avieropolous Choo, one of the earliest examples of Nielloware is a silver cup with Niello decorations originating in Enkomi, Cyprus around 1400 BC (1984). However, other authors, such as Higgins and Frankfort suggest that the first examples of Niello come from Syria. These authors, however, propose different dates of origin, either 1800BC or between the 14th and 12th c. BC. Most sources agree that Niello was rather popular in Roman times, with production not only in Rome, but also in Roman colonies and in Byzantium. An early example of Niello is a statuette of Roman Emperor Nero from the first century C.E. Other Roman objects decorated with Niello abound through the first five centuries of the Christian era

57. Schenker Thailand - History Click here to learn more about our history. http://www.schenker.co.th/history.htm

Click here to learn more about our history.

58. Schenker Thailand - History The summary for this Bihari page contains characters that cannot be correctly displayed in this language/character set. http://www.schenker.co.th/thai/history.htm

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59. Library Of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handboo Introduction; Chapter 1. Historical Setting EARLY history The Mon and the Khmer; Politicsand Foreign Policy, 196371; November 1971 Coup. thailand IN TRANSITION; http://memory.loc.gov/frd/cs/thtoc.html

THAILAND - A Country Study Search Thailand Include word variants Use only words as entered. THAILAND Foreward Acknowledgments Preface ... Glossary

60. Amnesty Int'l Thailand - History Amnesty International A brief history. Peter Benenson (Real Video Clip). Copyright 2001, Amnesty International thailand. All rights reserved. http://www.amnesty.or.th/About_AI/AIWorldwide/history/history.htm

Amnesty International A brief history Peter Benenson (Real Video Clip) In 1961, London lawyer Peter Benenson read about a group of students in Portugal who were arrested and jailed for raising a toast to "freedom" in a public restaurant. This incident prompted him to launch a one-year campaign called " Appeal for Amnesty 1961 " in the London Observer, a local newspaper. The "Appeal for Amnesty" called for the release of all people imprisoned because of peaceful expression of their beliefs, politics, race, religion, color, or national origin. Benenson called these people, "prisoners of conscience." His plan was to encourage people to write letters to government officials in countries which had prisoners of conscience, calling for their release. The campaign grew enormously, spread to other countries, and by the end of 1961 the organization, Amnesty International, had been formed. Amnesty was founded on the principle that people have fundamental rights that transcend national, cultural, religious, and ideological boundaries. It worked to obtain prompt and fair trials for all prisoners, to end torture and executions, and to secure the release of prisoners of conscience. (Prisoners of conscience, as Amnesty International defines them, are people imprisoned solely because of their political or religious beliefs, gender, or their racial or ethnic origin, who have neither used nor advocated violence.) Amnesty International's

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