61. Ancient Roman Emporers frontier, he wrote part of his famous work, Meditations to Marcus Aurelius the goodemperors, and many reigns represented the high point of the roman empire. http://www.crystalinks.com/romemperors.html

ANCIENT ROMAN EMPORERS Agustus - (27 BC - 14 AD) Agustus' first step was to repair the bitter wounds of civil war. On January 13 of 27 BC, Octavian, in his own words, "transferred the Republic from my own power to the authority of the Senate and the Roman people." This action showed shrewd political planning, as Augustus used it purely for public show. The Senate awarded him the name of Augustus, and mobs demanded that he retain power. Augustus carefully retained the titles of traditional offices to disguise his absolute power. He kept only the offices of consul and proconsul and claimed that he held no more power than his colleagues. Some Romans complained that the loss of liberty was too great a price to pay for peace, but most recognized that under the so-called liberty of the Roman Republic, a few hundred men had divided the spoils of empire while the workers and the provincials suffered. The majority of Romans welcomed the peace and stability of the Augustan Age. The rule of Augustus brought social stability, economic revival, and efficient administration to Rome, but it was unable to ensure the future. Augustus seemingly owed his power to the Senate and Roman people; in fact, his power came from his personal authority, and there was a real possibility his death might trigger a renewed civil war. For decades, Augustus watched his chosen successors die until only his stepson, Tiberius, remained. His selection of an heir outside of his immediate bloodline set the precedent for the future; struggles for power once fought on the battlefield were now waged in the imperial palace.

62. Roman Empire - 6 had caused economic collapse as rival emperors produced worthless set maximum pricesacross the empire for everything Diocletian was the first roman leader who http://www.crystalinks.com/romanempire6.html

ROMAN EMPIRE - 6 Literature During the reign of Augustus many commentators proclaimed the arrival of a new Golden Age as Romans returned to traditional values. These values included religion, family, and an appreciation of the Italian countryside and its agrarian roots. Writers and artists from all parts of Italy came to Rome, where generous patronage helped to encourage extraordinary achievements. The Augustan peace and the prosperity that accompanied it brought about the revival of patriotic literature that hailed the triumphs of Rome, its people, and its new leader. Livy, who was born in the city of Padua in 59 BC, wrote a history of Rome that spanned the period from mythic times to his own day. An artist more than a scholar, Livy was a marvelous storyteller. His stirring accounts of Rome's early struggle for freedom inspired painters, poets, and political leaders through the centuries, even though only a quarter of his enormous work has survived.

63. Rome, City, Italy: The Roman Empire His son Caracalla is noteworthy for extending roman citizenship to all free menof the empire and for emperors succeeded one another rapidly in the 3d cent http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/world/A0860803.html

Encyclopedia Rome, city, Italy The Roman Empire Augustus and the Pax Romana Caesar's assassination brought anarchy, out of which the Second Triumvirate emerged with the rule of Octavian (later Augustus Antony , and Lepidus . Octavian was Caesar's nephew, ward, and heir, and his true successor. At Actium (31 B.C. ) he defeated Antony and Cleopatra and made the empire one. No change was made in the government, but Octavian received from the senate the title Augustus and from the people life tribuneship; this, with the governorship of all the provinces conferred by the senate, made him the real ruler. He was called imperator [commander] and princeps [leader] and is usually considered the first Roman emperor. (For a list of the Roman Emperors from Augustus to the fall of Rome and the years they reigned, see the table entitled Rulers of the Roman Empire Augustus organized provincial government and the army, rebuilt Rome, and patronized the arts and letters. His rule began a long period (200 years) of peace, called the Pax Romana.

64. The History Of Plumbing - Pompeii & Herculaneum The roman empire eventually encompassed all the countries along the and the colossalbaths of emperors Caracalla and frame of high style roman living, thanks http://www.theplumber.com/pom.html

this page is sponsored by: since 1995, famous, recommended plumbing supplier: Famous PlumbingSupply.com T he Roman Empire eventually encompassed all the countries along the Mediterranean Sea, Mesopotamia, the Balkans, and most of modern Europe, including Britain. With their plumbing engineers in tow, the Romans left in their wake large - and small - scale water systems that incorporated similar-style aqueducts, lead pipes, heated floors, dams and drains. From Rome's Cloaca Maxima, largest of the ancient sewers, to the famous spas of Aquae Sulis in Bath, England, and the colossal baths of Emperors Caracalla and Diocletian, the early Roman plumbers left indelible marks on civilization. I n 79 A.D., Mount Vesuvius erupted and obliterated the ancient Roman resort towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum. Beneath the lava ruins rests a freeze - frame of high style Roman living, thanks in part to the plumberium , workers of lead. Since 1758 when excavation began in Pompeii, palaces of the Caesars and private homes of the nouveau riche merchants and court hangers-on have emerged along with theaters, dance halls and circuses. In addition, grand-style temples and amphitheaters were uncovered, along with elaborate public baths for hundreds of people, and a water supply system for both private and public needs.

65. NM's Creative Impulse..Rome and Religion from Etruscans through the empire; Daily Life over 50 bios of emperors,politicians, writers another site Hadrian's Wall; Late roman Delphi - read http://history.evansville.net/rome.html

NM's Creative Impulse The Development of Western Civilization World History Rome Contents Introduction History People Places ... Search or look it up in the Encyclopedia Britannica Contact Information Perseus Award - February 1998 Introduction The Romans preserved much of the Greek culture and blended it with their own traditions to give us the Classical ideal. Their military conquests brought an empire to Rome that even surpassed that of Alexander the Great. For nearly a thousand years all roads led to Rome. From a small village on the Tiber River to the greatest Empire (Maps) the world had ever known, Rome left a rich heritage for all who followed. Back to Top Hist ory People Archimedes**** site is a collection of Archimedean miscellanea contains much info on the man, the place and the time - Syracuse during Punic War times- interesting stuff....read about Archimedes Screw The Lever The Burning Mirrors and much, much more. Augustus Caesar one page bio of the first emperor of Rome with a very nice image. The Barbarians - this is a fun and informative site. Bright colors and graphically rich, it has sections on history, art, religion, games and links. There is a tremendous amount of info here, so plan to stay awhile. There's a nice table comparing the Barbarians to Romans in many areas. (I took one of my classes to the lab and couldn't tear some of them away from this site)

66. Confetti - Lighthearted Fun Caesar Augustus and the other roman emperors all partied the cities of the romanEmpire, wealthy benefactors The revolutionaries felt her famous adultery and http://www.confetti.co.uk/parties/lighthearted_fun/revel.asp

join NOW quickshop visit our London store order a brochure ... parties channel index revel without a pause! What were you doing this weekend? If you're not agoraphobic with hermetic tendencies, chances are a social gathering featured somewhere. Be it a dinner bash, tea party or full-on rave, you are of course following in a noble tradition of hedonistic excess. But no matter how outrageous you think your party antics were, it's undoubtedly been sipped, sucked, souffléd or shaved before! Here we peruse the dusty pages of history in search of the most notorious bashes of all time. ancient antics The Roman Empire - scene of many a raucous party - is a good place to start. 'Italians,' as a Madonna t-shirt once said, 'do it better!' Well known for their decadent orgies, the Romans took their lead from the very top. The ultimate party animal was Bacchus, god of wine and ecstatic liberation. Paying homage to the gods was an excellent excuse to enjoy yourself without that guilty feeling! Julius Caesar, Caesar Augustus and the other Roman emperors all partied equally hearty. In the cities of the Roman Empire, wealthy benefactors paid for public feasts and banquets. Tipsy friends and female admirers always accompanied the god of pleasure and sociability. Added to the party essentials of wine, women and song, the Romans injected a dramatic edge to their soirees - bathing, theatre, races or fights. Pain was a part of the pleasure and hosts competed with one another to create the most memorable mayhem.

67. Overview in each dynasty were somewhat moral emperors and others had finally put an end tothe roman Republic. writer Seneca) and there was peace throughout the empire. http://www.bible-history.com/nero/NEROOverview.htm

Contents Index Overview Nero The Roman Empire beyond Italy was divided into about 40 provinces (territories), with each province having its own governor who kept order and collected taxes for Rome. He was either appointed by the emperor or named by the Senate. During the first century A.D. the Roman Empire was near its peak with a population of 50-60 million. This was more than 1/5 of the world's population at that time. Jesus lived and died during the period known in Roman history as the Pax Romana or the "Peace of Rome". It was an amazing time in history when the risen Jesus empowered His church to go into all the world to preach the good news of the gospel of Jesus Christ. In fact the apostles journeyed throughout the Mediterranean world which was part of the Roman Empire. They traveled through Roman cities on Roman roads and everywhere that they traveled they came into contact with Rome. Julius Caesar had a dream for Rome but he was assassinated before he could see it fulfilled. The big problem was who would become the next emperor after his assassination. Very few had expected the young Octavian (Augustus) to become the chief heir and new emperor after Julius Caesar, but it was Augustus who turned out to be the most important emperor in all of Roman history. Augustus was very aware of what had happened with Julius Caesar, and desired to avoid the same problems with the Roman Senate. He wanted his stepson Tiberius to be emperor after his death and to make sure that this would happen he began to share his power with Tiberius. When Augustus died in 14 A.D. Tiberius was easily accepted as emperor. In fact this became the new way that emperors would be chosen. Each emperor would choose a successor from among his family or he would adopt someone who he thought would be fit to rule after him.

68. His Empire Augustus and the emperors who followed him expanded the empire by conquering By theend of the first century AD the roman empire had a population of about http://www.bible-history.com/augustus/AUGUSTUSHis_Empire.htm

Contents Index His Empire The Empire of Augustus Octavian brought peace to the Roman Empire and became a popular leader. In 27 B.C., the Senate voted to give him the title Augustus, which means "the respected one." He ruled the empire until 14 A.D. Augustus had learned well from his father's mistakes. He continued many of the reforms that had been started by Caesar. He knew that the people wanted a republic, so he always claimed to be restoring the government of the Roman Republic. But Augustus was always in charge and held the real power. He controlled nearly all of the military troops. He appointed the most important officials of government, those who governed the provinces. He carefully avoided using the title of king. Instead, he called himself "first citizen" to show that he was one of the people. Augustus ruled an empire. He is considered to be the first Roman emperor. The people welcomed him because they longed for a strong leader. They desperately wanted peace and order after all of the civil wars and turmoil that followed Julius Caesar's death. Improved City Life Augustus’ famous saying was

69. The Roman Empire (60 BCE-160 CE) Generla from Claudius' era, conquered Britain for empire in 44 revolting in 6869,during Year of Four emperors. Expanded roman lands into Danube area and east http://www.sparknotes.com/history/european/rome3/terms.html

Advanced Search FAQ Home Free Study Aids ... The Roman Empire (60 BCE-160 CE) Important Terms, People, and Events - Navigate Here - Summary Context Terms, People, Events Timeline Caesar to Octavian Augustus and Tiberius (30 BCE-37 CE) Caligula and Claudius Nero and the 'Year of the Four Emperors' The Flavian Dynasty Rome's Halcyon Days Study Questions Review Test Further Reading Important Terms, People, and Events Terms equites Knights-turned middling entrepreneurs from the provincial Italian towns with economic interests in Rome. Cultivated by Emperors as a counterweight in the imperial administration to senators, who saw them as a distinct class. Were co-opted into Senate, over time replacing most patricians. Proconsul Post given to consuls after their year of tenure. Was a provincial military leadership assignment, its appointment came into hands of emperors as early as Augustus Praetorian Prefect Head of the Praetorian Guard, the palace guard of the Emperor and his possessions. Became king-makers at times of socio-political instability. An Augustinian innovation.

70. Medicine In Ancient Rome As the roman empire expanded into Greece, many Greek doctors came I pass over manyfamous physicians men sesterces were their annual incomes from the emperors. http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/medicine_in_ancient_rome.htm

Medicine in Ancient Rome The Ancient Romans, like the Ancient Greeks and Ancient Egyptians , made a huge input into medicine and health, though their input was mainly concerned with public health schemes. Though the Roman ‘discoveries’ may not have been in the field of pure medicine, poor hygiene by people was a constant source of disease, so any improvement in public health was to have a major impact on society. The Romans learned a great deal from the Ancient Greeks. They first came into contact with the Greeks in about 500 BC By 146 B.C. part of Greece had become a province of the Roman Empire and by 27 B.C., the Romans were in control not only of Greece but of Greek-speaking lands around the Mediterranean. They used the ideas of the Greeks but they did not simply copy them. Greek ideas they found impractical they ignored and it seems that the Romans were more keen on things that would lead to the direct improvement of the quality of life of the people in their huge empire. "The Greeks are famous for their cities and in this they aimed at beauty. The Romans excelled in those things which the Greeks took little interest in such as the building of roads, aqueducts and sewers." Strabo – a Greek geographer.

71. ThinkQuest Internet Challenge Library : Archaeology, Ancient Civilizations & His The roman empire Enter the world of ancient Rome, where emperors ruled, temples werebuilt to the The roman army was welldisciplined and used skilled strategy http://www.thinkquest.org/library/cat_show.html?cat_id=31&cid=1

72. Travel With IgoUgo ambitious, dupliticous or just plain wicked as the roman emperors. declared his racehorseto be a roman senator docks at Ostia and peace returned to the empire. http://www.igougo.com/planning/journalEntryFreeForm.asp?JournalID=7787&EntryID=6

73. World History It gave many soldiers to the emperors, and these became it was as flourishing asany part of the empire. 51 all South Britain had come into roman hands, and http://www.sacklunch.net/history/21.html

Index Previous Page Next Page The Roman Empire The City of Rome and its decaying senate had failed in its attempt to rule the now vast Roman Empire. The mightiest of the Romans, Julius Caesar, had formed great plans for improving and organizing the Empire. Both Caesar and Alexander before him the greatest men of the ancient world had hoped, if they had lived, to weld together East and West, from the borders of India to the Atlantic Ocean. Brutus and Cassius, and earlier patriots like Cicero, had tried to restore the ancient republic. But the fine old Roman character had been destroyed in the constant wars, and Rome and its rabble of citizens could no longer rule an empire. The death of Julius Caesar was followed by fourteen more years of civil war. At last (31 B.C.) these turmoils ended with the triumph of Caesar's grand-nephew, who became Augustus, "the august," and Princeps, "the first of Roman citizens" in fact, the first Emperor of Rome, though the hated name of "king" was not used. And so the century of violent changes or revolution (133-31 B.C.) ended in the rule of one man as in the ancient East. And this Roman Empire lasted, though it gradually decayed after the first two centuries, for 500 years.

74. ORB Online Encyclopedia--Overview Of Late Antiquity and literary Latin, did not identify with the empire (which, we In Gaul and Spain,the romanera civitates or city power to get their way than emperors had once http://www.nipissingu.ca/department/history/muhlberger/orb/OVC4S2.htm

ORB Online Encyclopedia Overview of Late AntiquityThe Sixth Century Section 2: Government and Society in the Old Roman World, A.D. 500-530 Steven Muhlberger The foundation of the Roman empire and the ancient Mediterranean economy was a network of cities and towns, each of which had been the capital of a rural district, whose economic life supported the town and was directed by officials and landowners who lived in the town. During the imperial period, the cities had become as dependent on imperial patronage as the empire was on control of towns. Indeed, on the borders, the cities had from the beginning owed their entire existence to the empire. They were built because they were needed by the Mediterranean economy or by a political system based in the Mediterranean. The urban decline was most marked in Britain. British towns had been so tied into the taxation system of the empire that they had disappeared or shrunk into mere strongholds by 450, even before the wars between Britons and English invaders were well started. Gildas, a British preacher who denounced the rulers of the British west about 550, depicts them as minor warlords whose power was restricted to small areas and dependent on their ruthlessness and their personal retinues of warriors. Farther east, English kings lorded over equally small areas, and like the British kings must have depended on plunder and extorting contributions directly from rural taxpayers. The governmental structure of Roman Britannia had collapsed.

75. The Roman Empire And Northern Britain American Great West movement afoot, ambitious emperors like Claudius return, so quicklycut by the roman Senate for this expansion of the empire gradually led http://www.geocities.com/~betapisces/kingart/caledonia.htm

The Roman Empire and Northern Britain (Caledonia) In Cramond, on the Firth of Forth, now a suburb of Edinburgh, there are remains of a Roman fort/settlement. How did this get there, when most people think the Roman Empire's northern boundary was established at Hadrian's Wall? A T acitus, the historian, was with the general Agricola on his campaign to subjugate all of Britain, and so we have the name of the first-mentioned 'Scotsman' in history, one Calgacus, who is reported to have said "Britons are being sold into Roman slavery every day and it is we who are next on the list to be taken. When that happens, there will be nothing left that we can call our own... Even our bravery will count against us, for the imperialists dislike that sort of spirit in a subject people." [quoted from Ancient Scotland , by Stewart Ross] Agricola had started a methodical campaign in the classic Roman tradition, building roads and forts at day's march intervals. He got almost up to what is now Aberdeen. Calgacus kept withdrawing into the hills, but finally had a pitched battle at Mons Graupius , which was a famous victory for the Romans (they lost 400 men whereas the Picts lost 10,000 well, take that as a propaganda statement). Unfortunately for Rome, Agricola was recalled home for political reasons, and nothing went right after that. Guerrilla warfare in the highlands of Caledonia and the impossibilty of urbanizing the natives standard Roman policy resulted in a retreat down to the Forth/Clyde valley where an earthwork wall, the 'Antonine Wall', was built as a boundary. A few major forts, such as Inchtuthill and Ardoth remained in the Grampians. Without infrastructure, none of this lasted very long. And cost a lot of money, with no return, so quickly cut by the Roman Senate.

76. SIIAS@CSI Roman Empire Under the early empire gladiatorial combats combined public By these means, the Romanpopulace would be wild beast hunts were lavishly sponsored by emperors. http://163.238.8.169/siias/romanempire.html

S I I A S @ C S I Study Collection for Ancient and Medieval Civilizations Home Egyptian Greek Roman ... Web Sites ROMAN EMPIRE Roman Republic Roman Timeline Roman Objects From Republic to Empire: Augustus (27 BCE-14 CE) The final round of civil wars that followed Caesar's assassination culminated in the battle of Actium in 31 BCE, and victory for Caesar's great-nephew and heir, Octavianus Caesar. Octavian had became sole master of the Roman world, but he wished to rule legitimately. In 27 BCE Octavian formally renounced his supremacy, but was granted perpetual imperium by a Senate and Roman people grateful for the new peace. Significantly, the Senate also granted Octavian tribunicia potestas or the powers of a tribune, enabling him to claim authority as the protector and champion of the Roman people. The Senate also gave Octavian the new name of Augustus, an honorific with holy connotations. Thus Augustus became, in effect, the first Roman emperor (imperator), but he could claim that his power was legitimately bestowed by the Roman Senate and people. Nonetheless, Augustus remained sensitive to Republican sentiment, and was careful to style himself simply as princeps or "leader." By the time of his death in 14 CE, Augustus had fashioned a new imperial system for Rome; one which respected Republican traditions and Senatorial prerogatives, but which concentrated the most important functions of the magistracy in the new supreme office of emperor. Thus, Augustus and his successors slowly accustomed the Romans to the institution of monarchy, transforming Rome from a Republic into an Empire.

77. Did You Know? Deputies, was one of the first people to protest that Albania contributed to the RomanEmpire were Diocletian and one of its most famous emperors, Justinian the http://www.frosina.org/infobits/celebra.shtml

Little-Known Facts about Albania and Albanians To help celebrate Albanianism, consider the following facts about Albania. Did you know that... The following are new additions. (added 8 - 17 - 99) -that Ismail Qemal Vlora (of Albanian origin) while a member of the Turkish Chamber of Deputies, was one of the first people to protest the genocide of the Armenians by the Turkish government? And that he proclaimed the independence of Albania from the Ottoman Empire in the Albanian seacoast town of Vlora in1912? -that when Ismail Qemal Vlora, a Muslim, assumed the presidency of the provisional Albanian government in 1912, he appointed as his Vice President, Monsignor Nicholas Kachou, the Catholic Prelate of Durres? -that it is strongly believed by some historians that Master SINAN, the leader in the creation of the highest periods of Turkish architecture in the 16th centrury, was an Albanian? -that, in 1850, Clement C. Moore, who wrote the much-beloved Yuletide classic "Twas the Night Before Christmas..." also wrote a history about Albania's great, 15th century folkhero titled "George Castriot Surnamed Scanderbeg? -that the name of one of the Albanian commanders who fought so valiantly in he war for Greek Independence against the Ottoman Turks in 1820 was Bubalina, a female Admiral? And that other Albanian leaders in that same war against the Turks were Kanari, Çavella, and Boçari?

78. Virtualtemplate2 roman Republic and following sections; roman emperors; roman Senators; End of theroman empire; The Law of the Restoration and Pax romana the roman Peace , the http://www.greenwichschools.org/Resources/virtuallibrary/Social_Studies/Ancient_

Art E.S.L. Health Language Arts ... World Languages Ancient Rome Resources General Sources Famous Romans Society Government and Politics ... Miscellaneous General Sources **NM's Rome** - an excellent site with extensive Roman links The Perseus Project - of Tufts University's Classics Dept. includes a search engine Ancient Rome - This site provides extensive links. Recently updated. Photos and links for Ancient Rome Ancient Rome - Photos and links for Ancient Rome The Romanvm Forvm - a ThinkQuest project with excellent links Roman Sites - a catalog of diverse websites Investigating the Romans - the BBC explores class, daily life, towns, food and clothing

79. Untitled was on its way to granting roman citizenship to nearly every free person in the empire,a process that The emperors who came after the JulioClaudians were http://musca.unm.edu/~sanabria/101_16outline.htm

80. 'The Roman Empire Under Constantine' Arian Followers of Yahshua roman emperors Constantius II being Arians, issuing thefamous statement, How doctrine), the official religion of the roman empire. http://www.sabbatarian.com/RomanEmpire.html

The Roman Empire The Roman Empire in AD 337 The empire at the death of Constantine the Great (Upgraded Roman Emperor Constantine who waited until he was on his death bed before submitting to baptism, was the first (political) Christo-pagan This is significant in prophecy, in as much as, this was a pivotal point in history where the separation of church and state ceased to exist since ancient Israel (at least in the name of the True G_d, Yahweh) This was the unofficial beginning of the "un Holy Roman Empire ." Of course, the pagan-christian Roman catholic church will say that Constantine was a Christian, but then history has proven that there is no difference between a pagan and a christian except the name The Ten Horns of Daniels Prophecy By 324 AD. Constantine is emperor over the ten territories of the entire Roman Empire, which are prophesied as, "The Ten Horns or Kingdoms of Daniel's Prophecy," and they were Spain (includes Portugal or Lusitania) Gaul (France) Germany, Britain, Italy

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