| ENDANGERED AND THREATENED PRIMATES [Source: 1994 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Cambridge, U.K.] The IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals includes lists of those species and subspecies known or suspected to be threatened with extinction, and those known or believed to have become extinct in the wild. The Red List complements the IUCN and IUCN/ICBP Red Data Books and the IUCN-SSC Action Plans, which contain more detailed information; it is published periodically, usually at two-year intervals. The Red List is compiled and maintained for IUCN by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC) with the advice of the IUCN-SSC Specialist Groups and the assistance, with regard to birds, of BirdLife International (formerly ICBP). IUCN THREATENED SPECIES CATEGORIES EXTINCT (Ex) Species not definitely located in the wild during the past 50 years (criterion as used by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora). N.B. On a few occasions, the category Ex? has been assigned; this denotes that it is virtually certain that the taxon has recently become extinct. ENDANGERED (E) Taxa in danger of extinction and whose survival is unlikely if the causal factors continue operating. Included are taxa whose numbers have been reduced to a critical level or whose habitats have been so drastically reduced that they are deemed to be in immediate danger of extinction. Also included are taxa that may be extinct but have definitely been seen in the wild in the past 50 years. VULNERABLE (V) Taxa believed likely to move into the 'Endangered' category in the near future if the causal factors continue operating. Included are taxa of which most or all the populations are decreasing because of over-exploitation, extensive destruction of habitat or other environmental disturbance; taxa with populations that have been seriously depleted and whose ultimate security has not yet been assured; and taxa with populations that are still abundant but are under threat from severe adverse factors throughout their range. N.B. In practice, 'Endangered' and 'Vulnerable' categories may include, temporarily, taxa whose populations are beginning to recover as a result of remedial action, but whose recovery is insufficient to justify their transfer to another category. RARE (R) Taxa with small world populations that are not at present 'Endangered' or 'Vulnerable', but are at risk. These taxa are usually localised within restricted geographical areas or habitats or are thinly scattered over a more extensive range. INDETERMINATE (I) Taxa known to be 'Endangered', 'Vulnerable' or 'Rare' but where there is not enough information to say which of the three categories is appropriate. INSUFFICIENTLY KNOWN (K) Taxa that are suspected but not definitely known to belong to any of the above categories, because of lack of information. THREATENED (T) Threatened is a general term to denote species which are 'Endangered', 'Vulnerable', 'Rare', the U.S. Office of Endangered Species. In previous volumes it is has been used to identify taxa comprised of several sub-taxa which have differing status categories. COMMERCIALLY THREATENED (CT) Taxa not currently threatened with extinction, but most or all of whose populations are threatened as a sustainable commercial resource, or will become so, unless their exploitation is regulated. This category applies only to taxa whose populations are assumed to be relatively large. N.B. In practice, this category has only been used for marine species of commercial importance that are being overfished in several parts of their ranges. Order PRIMATES Family LEMURIDAE E Hapalemur griseus alaotrensis Alaotran Gentle Lemur Madagascar K Hapalemur griseus griseus Grey Gentle Lemur Madagascar V Hapalemur griseus occidenfalis Western Gentle Lemur MadaRascar R Eulemurfulvus albifrons White-fronted Lemur Madagascar V Eulemurfulvus albocollaris White-collared Lemur Madagascar V Eulemur fulvus collaris Collared Lemur Madagascar R Eulemur fulvus fulvus Brown Lemur Madagascar V Eulemur fulvus mayottensis Mayotte Lemur Mayotte R Eulemur fulvus rufus (E. macaco rufus) Red-fronted Lemur Madagascar V Eulemur fulvus sanfordi (E. macaco sanfordi) Sanford's Lemur Madagascar E Eulemur macaco flavifrons Sclater's Lemur Madagascar V Eulemur macaco macaco Black Lemur Madagascar Family CALLITRICHIDAE E Callithrix argentata leucippe Golden-white Bare-ear Marmoset Brazil E Saguinus bicolor bicolor Pied Tamarin Brazil V Saguinus fuscicollis leucogenys Andean Saddle-back Tamarin Peru V Saguinus imperator imperator Black-chinned Emperor Tamarin Bolivia; Brazil; Peru Family CEBIDAE E Alouatta fusca fusca Northern Brown Howling Monkey Brazil E Aloutta belzebul ululata Red-handed Howling Monkey Brazil E Aloutta palliata aequatorialis South Pacific Blackish Howling Monkey Colombia; Ecuador; Panama?; Peru V Aotos lemurinus griseimembra Night Monkey Colombia E Ateles belzebuth hybridus Hybrid Spider Monkey Colombia; Venezuela E Ateles belzebuth marginatus White-whiskered Spider Monkey Brazil V Callicebus cupreus ornatus Ornate Titi Colombia E Callicebus personatus barbarabrownae Northern Bahian Blond Titi Brazil E Callicebus personatus melanochir Southern Bahian Masked Titi Brazil E Callicebus personatus nigrifrons Black-fronted Titi Brazil E Callicebus personatus personatus Northern Masked Titi Brazil V Callicebus torquatus lucifer Widow Monkey Brazil; Colombia; Peru V Cebus albifrons cuscinus White-fronted Capuchin Bolivia?. Peru V Cebus albifrons yuracus Andean White-fronted Capuchin Ecuador, Peru V Cebus apella robustus Robust Tufted Capuchin Brazil E Cebus apella xanthosternos Yellow-breasted Capuchin Monkey Brazil E Chiropotes satanas satanas Black Saki Brazil V Chiropotes satanas utahicki Uta Hick's Bearded Saki Brazil E Lagothrix lagotricha lugens Colombian Woolly Monkey Colombia Family CERCOPITHEClDAE K Cercocebus albigena aterrimus (C. aterrimus) Black Mangabey Angola; Zaire E Cercocebus galeritus galeritus Tana River Mangabey Kenya; Tanzania E Cercocebus galeritus 'sanjei' Sanje Mangabey Tanzania V Cercocebus torquatus torquatus Collared Mangabey Cameroon; Congo; Cote d'Ivoire; Equatorial Guinea: Rio Muni; Gabon; Ghana; Guinea; Liberia; Nigeria; Senegal; Sierra Leone E Cercopithecus diana roloway Roloway Guenon Cote d'Ivoire; Ghana; To~o V Macaca ochreata brunnescens (M. brunnescens) Muna-Butung Macaque Indonesia: Butung. Muna E Macaca fuscata yakui Yakushima Macaque Japan E Macaca nemestrina pagensis (M. pagensis) Mentawai Macaque Indonesia: Mentawai Islands, Siberut, Sipora. North and South Pagai Islands V Macaca tonkeana hecki (M. Ilecki) Heck's Macaque Indonesia: Sulawesi K Papio hamadryas papio (P. papio) Guinea Baboon Gambia; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau?; Liberia?; Mali; Mauritania; Senegal; Sierra Leone R Procolobus badius temminckii (Procolobus temrninckii) (Procolobus badius has been included in the genus Colobus) Temminck's Red Colobus Gambia; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau; SenePal E Procolobus badius waldroni Miss Waldron's Bay Colobus Cote d'Ivoire; Ghana E Procolobus badius pennantii (P. pennantii) Eastern Red Colobus Equatorial Guinea: Fernando Po E Procolobus badius bouvieri (P. pennantii bouvieri) Bouvier's Red Colobus Congo K Procolobus badius elliot (P. rufomitratus ellioti) Elliot's Red Colobus Uganda (ex?); Zaire K Procolobus badius foai (P. rufomitratusfoai, P. pennantiifoai) Foa Red Colobus Zaire E Procolobus badius gordonorum (P gordonorum, P. pennantii gordonorum) Uhehe Red Colobus Tanzania E Procolobus badius kirkii (Procolobus kirkii, P. pennantii kirkii) Zanzibar Red Colobus Tanzania: Zanzibar Tanzania: [Pemba Island] K Procolobus badius oustaleti (P. rufomitratus oustaleti, P. pennantii oustaleti)E Oustalet's Red Colobus Central African Republic; Sudan?; Zaire V Procolobus badius tephrosceles (P. rufomitratus tephrosceles, P. pennantii tephrosceles) Uganda Red Colobus Burundi; Rwanda; Tanzania; Uganda K Procolobus badius tholloni (P. rufomitratus tholloni, P. pennantii tholloni) Thollon's Red Colobus Zaire E Procolobus badius preussi (P. preussi, P. pennanti preussi) Preuss's Colobus Cameroon; Nigeria (ex?) V Procolobus badius rufomitratus (P. rufomitratus, P. rufomitratus rufomitratus) Tana River Colobus Kenya E Pygathrix roxellana bieti (Pygathrix bieti, sometimes included in Rhinopithecus) Yunnan Snub-nosed Monkey China Family HOMINIDAE E Gorilla gorilla beringei Mountain Gorilla Burundi (ex?); Rwanda; Uganda; Zaire: Virunga Volcano region E Pan troglodytes verus West African Chimpanzee Coet d'Ivoire; Ghana; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau (ex?); Liberia; Mali; Senegal; Sierra Leone [Gambia] | |
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