21. Ancient History against him were the picts, and Scots of Constantine III, Britain's as well as CranstonFine Arts publish over 50 images of the ancient and Medieval Periods http://www.chriscollingwood.com/ancient_history.htm

Military Art/Gifts Join Mailing List American Civil War [ Ancient History ] English Civil War Pirates 2nd World War Medieval History ... Click here to search over 4000 military, naval and aviation prints and gifts. Recommended Website of the month click here Click image to view catalogue information Ultimate website for all sports shown in great value art prints - click here to view Largest selection of antique historical military and naval prints from 1800 to 1918 - click here to view To order your print(s) use our secure order form here Post Information ... Classified Adverts Buying/Selling CHRIS COLLINGWOOD Ancient Military art prints by renowned Historical military artist Chris Collingwood. Art prints of Saxons, Vikings and The Roman Empire. Use the links below to navigate to the section of interest: Saxon art prints Viking art prints Roman Gladiator Prints A secure order form is available on this link: secure order form Please take note of the print serial number, title and price. LIMITED EDITION ART PRINTS OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE AD61 by Chris Collingwood Cavalry and Legionaries (plus Auxiliary Hamian Archer) of the XIVth Legion.

22. Grogan Ancient History Ireland's most famous authority on the history of surnames Irish Cruithneaigh, inEnglish Cruthneans or picts, arrived in to be cleared of the ancient forests http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~mwgrogan/history/Grogan Ancient History

Ancient genealogy According to O'Hart "Irish Pedigrees or the Origin and Stem of the Irish Nation", by John O'Hart is one of the best known Irish genealogical publications in the world. The first edition appeared in 1876, but was followed by several subsequent editions that added greatly to the overall size of the work. The most quoted edition was published in New York in 1923, twenty years after the author's death. It is worth mentioning here that the original work did not include and heraldic (coat of arms) information and that this was added to posthumous publications by unscrupulous publishers, presumably to increase sales. In general, O'Hart is a dubious source, at best, for such information (see quote below from Edward MacLysaght in regard to this topic). John O'Hart was born in Crossmolina, Co. Mayo, in 1824. He received an excellent education with the intention of joining the priesthood. However, he instead spent two years in the constabulary (the police), after which he was employed by the Commissioners of National Education in Ireland from 1845, the first year of the Famine. He became an Associate in Arts at the Queen's University, and thereafter he was an active member of several scholarly societies. He was an avid genealogist and took a keen interest in Irish history, despite never receiving formal training as an historian. Politically he was an Irish nationalist, and in religious matters, a committed Catholic. Both of these factors permeated his work. He died in 1902 in Clontarf, Co. Dublin, at the age of 78.

23. Scottish History the Scots, establishes the kingdom Alba uniting the Scots and picts. Other ScottishHistory Pages Alba ancient name for what is now Scotland AM - Annals of http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~cafamilies/finley/scot_hst.html

Calif. Families Finley Scotland History Contact Finley McBride Ancient Roots ... Sources Scottish History Timeline Kings Terms Timeline 4,000 BC - First tribes came from European mainland (Mediterraneans and Proto-Nordic types). They are still pushing back the date of Pictish arrival in Scotland. In fact, Picts were possibly following in the wake the retreating glaciers around 6000 BC, which would make them the first, aboriginal, inhabitants. 1,700 - Milesians (Descendants King Milesius Spain) move to Ireland. 600 BC - Celts started arriving in Ireland The Celts lived in an area which today is mostly in Eastern France. The area stretched from roughly where Luxembourg is today to a bit further south than Geneva and took in parts modern day West Germany and Switzerland. 300 BC - First written history of Celtic tribes ( Picts in the north and Britons in the south) coming from western Europe into Scotland. 100 BC - Arrival the Gaels in Ireland 80 AD - Romans invade Scotland and call it Caledonia. They call the native people Picts. 120 - Hadrian's Wall built across northern England to protect Romans from Picts. 258 - First migration

24. Photographs Of Scotland - Fraser Gallery - Absolutearts.com called the Battle of Nechtansmere by the English and Dunnichen by the picts, remainsone of the most significant turning points in ancient history and had http://www.absolutearts.com/artsnews/1999/11/25/26224.html

25. Images Of Cumbria - Ancient History Of Carlisle ancient history of the City 1. Its ancient British name is supposed to have been Llugydagwal astrong frontier town, against the invasions of the picts and Scots http://www.stevebulman.f9.co.uk/cumbria/ancientcarlisle.html

Ancient History of the City Although the origin of the "ancient and famous city of Carlisle," is lost in the uncertainties of antiquity, historians are agreed that it was a place of importance in the time of the Romans. Its ancient British name is supposed to have been Llugyda-gwa l, which meant the Army by the Wall ; the Romans called it Luguvallum, and in Bede's life of St. Cuthbert, it is called Luguballa. Whitaker says that Lugu-vall-ium signifies forts on the water . The Roman name Luguvallum was afterwards abbreviated by the Saxons to "Luell," which, added to the Saxon word Caer , (city) became Caer-Luell , whence is derived its present name. Two of the Scottish historians, Fordum and Boethius, inform us that Carlisle, one of the strongest British towns, was burned by the Scots during the absence of the Romans, in the reign of the emperor Nero. "It must have been after this event, and probably in the time of Agricola, that Carlisle was fortified by the Romans, as a strong frontier town, against the invasions of the Picts and Scots." So durable was their structure, that notwithstanding the recorded desolation of this city by the Danes, and the many subsequent repairs of the walls, after its sundry sieges, much Roman masonry remained in different parts of it , till of late years, especially on its eastern side. During the residence of the Romans in Britain, Cumberland was preserved from the hostile assaults of the Picts, but as soon as they relinquished their possessions, and retired, the Britons became a prey to these relentless persecutors, who soon laid desolate the city of Carlisle; and, so complete was the destruction, that there was scarcely left one stone upon another

26. Europe -- Ancient History -- Galleyslaves Books this book we describe the hidden history of Europe native religion in various formsfrom ancient times right documented tribal systems of the picts, the Finns http://www.galleyslaves.com/eurhist2.htm

Europe ancient history - Galleyslaves Books Book covers with publisher's comments. Any comments of our own are in blue italic. The Celts: Uncovering the Mythic and Historic Origins of Western Culture , by Jean Markale, (Inner Traditions, 1993), translated from the French by C. Hauch, 320pp, illustrated, $13.45 (paperback). GS#2690 Ordering Information A Cornerstone of Western civilization and the major source of its social, political, and literary values, Celtic civilization occupied the whole of western Europe for more than a millennium and, unlike the Middle Eastern forerunners of the Greco-Roman world, is still alive today. Historians have tended to accord the Celts a place of minor significance in comparison to the Romans when, in fact, the shamanic, mythical, and spiritual traditions of the Western world have their roots in Celtic culture. Regarding myth as an indispensable branch of history, Markale has thoroughly explored Celtic mythology to reveal the culture that gave rise to it. The Celts , one of the most comprehensive treatments of this subject ever written, firmly aligns the Celtic peoples as the primary European precursor to Greco-Roman sovereignty, restoring Celtic culture to its true importance in the development of European civilization. The new historical vision that emerges is both convincing and exciting. Markale combines the poetic and philosophical with the scholarly to offer an alternative approach to the Celtic legacy.

27. British History & Biography -- Ancient & Anglo-saxon Columba’s mission to the picts. The combination of fact and fantasy, of myth, historyand folklore rooted in the forests, hills and valleys of ancient Wales. http://www.galleyslaves.com/brithist--ancient.htm

Great Britain - Galleyslaves Books Book covers with publisher's comments. Any comments of our own are in blue italic. The Oxford History of Britain, Vol. 1 : Roman and Anglo-Saxon Britain , by Peter Salway and John Blair, (Oxford University Press, 1992), edited by Kenneth O. Morgan, 147pp, $18.50 (paperback). GS#4053 Ordering Information I n five paperback volumes, The Oxford History of Britain tells the story of the British people over two thousand years, from the coming of the Roman Legions in 55 BC to the state of the nation in the 1990s. This volume concentrates on the beginnings of British history, with chapters devoted to the Roman conquest and occupation of Britain, and the later rise of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. The book also contains useful sources of reference: a complete chronology of British history, suggestions for further reading, informative maps, and genealogical tables. The text of this book comes from the highly acclaimed Oxford Illustrated History of Britain Celtic Britain GS#4159 Ordering Information C eltic Britain looks at one of the least known and most important episodes in British history: the period between the departure of the Romans, around AD 400, and the establishment of the English kingdoms in the later 7

28. British Archaeology, No 43, April 1999: Reviews of the choices made by Gauls, as well as the role of imperial rule and ideology,without turning the social history of this picts AND ancient BRITONS Paul http://www.britarch.ac.uk/ba/ba43/ba43book.html

ISSN 1357-4442 Editor: Simon Denison Issue no 43, April 1999 BOOKS Getting it all wrong about shipwrecks by Martin Dean HISTORIC SHIPWRECKS Valerie Fenwick and Alison Gale ISBN 07524-1416-X hb This visually attractive book is primarily a catalogue providing information about the 47 sites designated under the 1973 Protection of Wrecks Act. Each is briefly described and supported by one or more illustrations, usually too small to be useful. The final chapter, cleverly entitled Stern View , is a critical view of the working of the Act. Unfortunately the book is marred by out-of-date and inaccurate information, and these mistakes severely undermine the authors' opinions. They do make some reasonable points, such as about the deplorable state of certain notice-boards about the wrecks and the need for more information panels. What they fail to acknowledge is the significant progress made over the last decade as a result of pressure from the Joint Nautical Archaeology Policy Committee. These advances now provide a solid foundation for the sound management of Britain's underwater cultural heritage. The authors rightly indicate that a Government department (DCMS) may not be the best organisation to administer the Protection of Wrecks Act. However, it has been known for some time that as soon as the Government's parliamentary timetable will allow, English Heritage will take over responsibility. The book also repeats the common misunderstanding that designation `prohibits or effectively rules out diving' on historic wrecks. In fact, diving is actually encouraged on protected sites through a licensing system, although some important wrecks may not be as accessible as many would like.

29. The Ancient History Of The Distinguished Surname Wright This ancient founding race of the north was a mixture of Scottish picts and Angles areawe get some of the most impressive names in history, surnames with http://www.evanderputten.org/family/caitlin/wrightname.htm

Caitlin Wright - My Family Surname The Ancient History of the Distinguished Surname Wright The dark rolling moors of the Scottish/English border are home to this notable surname Wright. Its ancient history is closely woven into the rich and beautiful tapestry of the border chronicles. In-depth research into some of the most ancient manuscripts such as the Exchequer Rolls of Scotland, the Inquisitio, the Ragman Rolls, the Domesday Book, baptismals, parish records, tax records and cartularies, gave researchers the first record of the name Wright in Berwickshire where they had been seated from ancient times. Ralph Wright of Stirling and Thomas Wright of Blakenhall in Lanarkshire rendered homage to King Edward I of England in 1296, on his brief conquest of Scotland. The name, Wright, appeared in many references, and from time to time, the surname was spelt Wright, Right, Write, Wrighte, Alwright, Allwright, Oldwright, and these changes in spelling frequently occurred within the family name. Scribes and church officials spelled the name as it sounded, and frequently the spelling changed even during the person's own lifetime. The family name Wright is believed to be descended originally from the Boernicians. This ancient founding race of the north was a mixture of Scottish Picts and Angles, a race dating from about the year 400 A.D. By 1000 A.D. this race had formed into discernible Clans and families, perhaps some of the first evidence of the family structure in Britain. From this area we get some of the most impressive names in history, surnames with unique nicknames such as the Sturdy Armstrongs, one of whom was, appropriately the first to colonize the moon the Gallant Grahams, the Saucy Scotts, the Angry Kerrs, the Belts, the Nixons, the Famous Dicksons, the Bold Rutherfords, the Pudding Somervilles, and most of the names ending in "son".

30. The Picts In Scottish Historiography - Part III reasons to do so, and took the opportunity to replace the discredited Whig historyof the Dalriadic monarchy with a roaylist account of the ancient picts. http://www.electricscotland.com/history/roeder/picts3.htm

Clans Tartans History Travel ... Feedback The Picts in Scottish Historiography Part III 18th Century Research - Were the Picts a Gothic People? Sometimes, historiography takes strange turns: (1) Dauvit Broun: The Picts’ Place in the Kingship’s Past Before John of Fordun. In: Edward Cowan, Richard Finlay (eds). Scottish History, Edinburgh 2002, pp.12-28. (2) Thomas Innes. A Critical Essay on the Ancient Inhabitants of the Northern Parts of Britain, or Scotland", Edinburgh 1879, esp. pp 94-5, 163-167. (3) Paper: "An Enquiry into the Ancient Languages of Great Britain", mentioned in: Colin Kidd. The Ideologial Uses of the Picts, 1707 – c.1900. in: Edward Cowan, Richard Finlay (eds). Scottish History, Edinburgh 2002, pp. 169-190. (4) "History of the Province of Moray" (1775). (5) Scots Magazine 58, April 1796; quoted after C. Kidd (see above). (6) The Goths were a Germanic people who moved from the Weichsel-Oder District (now the boundary between Germany and Poland) into the Black Sea area and the Carpates, from where they subsequently conquered Rome and made their way into Southern France and Spain. They did encounter the Indo-Iranian tribe of the Sarmates, who at the time in question had already conquered the also Indo-Iranian Scythes, but they were not Scythes at all. (Malcolm Todd. Die Germanen – Von den frühen Stammesverbänden zu den Erben des Weströmischen Reiches. Stuttgart 2000; English original 1992, it was revised for translation by the author).

31. Ancient British Isles Speculation on the picts, with links. Wales. These pages for Isle of Man (and Isleof Man II) aren't overly useful for ancient history, but it's a start. http://www.bmarch.atfreeweb.com/Ancient_Brit.htm

32. Ancient Lothian - Kinneil the ancient history of the Lothians, not least as the location of the penultimateEastern fort of the Antonine Wall in Roman times, which separated the picts http://www.cyberscotia.com/ancient-lothian/pages/kinneil.html

kinneil falkirk NS 977 803 HISTORIC SCOTLAND Introduction Kinneil today is a suburb of the town of Bo'ness (Borrowstounness) on the Southern shores of the River Forth, not far from Abercorn , and in modern times has primarily been the location of Kinneil House, one time residence of the philosopher, Dugald Stewart. Today, Kinneil lies in Falkirk District and is thus, strictly speaking, not in modern Lothian, but was once an important place within the kingdom of Gododdin. Click here for a location map provided by StreetMap Placename However, it figures at several significant points in the ancient history of the Lothians, not least as the location of the penultimate Eastern fort of the Antonine Wall in Roman times, which separated the Picts from the Romano-British territories South of the Forth. Indeed, the etymology of the name itself literally means "wall's end", with its modern Scots form deriving from Gàidhlig Ceann-Fháil , which in turn probably derives from a Brythonic form such as Pen-guaul . According to Nennius' History of Britain Severus was the third emperor who passed the sea to Britain, where, to protect the provinces recovered from barbaric incursions, he ordered a wall and a rampart to be made between the Britons, the Scots, and the Picts, extending across the island from sea to sea, in length one hundred and thirty-three miles: and it is called in the British language, Guaul. Moreover, he ordered it to be made between the Britons, and the Picts and Scots; for the Scots from the west, and the Picts from the north, unanimously made war against the Britons; but were at peace among themselves.

33. Ancient History Professional analysts have researched the history of lowland The ancient foundingrace of the north were a from the east, and finally the picts and Dalriadants http://www.angelfire.com/sc3/biggar/

34. 55 BC - 450 AD Roman British Timeline - Ancient/Classical Hsitory 408 AD Devastating attacks by the picts, Scots and Saxons. 409 AD Britons expelRoman officials and fight for themselves. ancient/Classical history. http://ancienthistory.about.com/library/bl/bl_time_europe_my_britain.htm

zfp=-1 About History Ancient/Classical History Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting in partnership with Ancient/Classical History with N.S. Gill Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') This Week's Articles tod('tih'); Today in History Daily Quiz tod('pod'); Picture of the Day Special Subscription Offers Subscribe Now Choose One: Subscribe Customer Service Subjects ~Egypt ~Ancient Greece ~Rome ~Indus Valley ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement 55 BC - 450 AD Roman British Timeline 55 BC Julius Caesar's first invasion of Britain 54 BC Julius Caesar's Second invasion of Britain 5 AD Rome acknowledges Cymbeline king of Britain. 43 AD Under Emperor Claudius, Romans invade. Caratacus leads the resistance. 51 AD Caratacus is defeated, captured and taken to Rome. 61 AD Boudica, Queen of the Iceni rebels agaisnt Britain, but is defeated. 63 AD Joseph of Arimathea's mission to Glastonbury. 75-77 AD Rome's conquest of Britain is complete. Julius Agricola is Britain's Imperial Governor.

35. Merlin UNLIKE THE picts, the Saxon made successful incursions so that the complexion ofBritain changed from 450 to 480. Recent Discussions. ancient/Classical history. http://ancienthistory.about.com/library/weekly/aa042898a.htm

zfp=-1 About History Ancient/Classical History Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting in partnership with Ancient/Classical History with N.S. Gill Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') This Week's Articles tod('tih'); Today in History Daily Quiz tod('pod'); Picture of the Day Special Subscription Offers Subscribe Now Choose One: Subscribe Customer Service Subjects ~Egypt ~Ancient Greece ~Rome ~Indus Valley ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Timeline of Arthur and Arthurian Britain IN 63 A.D. Joseph of Arimathea may have landed at Glastonbury (where monks in 1191 claimed they found the coffin of King Arthur) carrying the Holy Grail. IN 397, STILICHO repelled an attack by Picts, Irish and Saxon in Britain, but more often the troop flow went the other way. WHEN MARAUDING invaders attacked Roman strongholds on the continent, Rome (Magnus Maximus in 383, Stilicho in 402, and Constantine III in 407) summoned troops stationed in Britain to fight. In time, the two Roman legions left Britain permanently, leaving the island at the mercy of barbarian attacks. Soon the Britons expelled the remaining Roman officers. THE PELAGIAN heresy took hold in Britain, in about 420-430, dividing the population into factions. Bishop Germanus was sent to deal with the heresy.

36. 0ad :: Wildfire Studio's Historical RTS Game Project The history of the Scots, the picts and the Britons Wow, this site has tons ofinfo. Documents in ancient Military history - Read history penned by http://www.wildfiregames.com/0ad/pages/links.shtml

Screenshots Movies Sketches Downloads ... Link to us All Content Reserved WildfireGames. 2001-2002 best viewed in IE 4.0+ Sources of History Illustrated Ancient History - This site was created by Andrew Brozyna who was working with us for a short time. This is our absolute most favourite history site! Osprey Publishing - Their resources were the inspiration for many of the images you see on the website. We take most of our historical facts from these people. Go buy one of their books today! Heaven Games History Forum - A great place to talk history with your fellow HG forumers. Roman Legions - Has some great images and statistics that appear to have been calculated by an engineer. Foundry - This site has some excellent concepts of units that we used in the game. They sell miniature figurines. The Roman Empire - This is a great site that has lots of info on Roman history.

37. Untitled From France the picts had sailed northward to The ancient Monarchies of Ireland refusedthem permission to hierarchy, first in the annals of British history. http://www.orrock.accessgenealogy.com/custom2.html

Free Web space and hosting - accessgenealogy.com Orrock Surname History Home Page About Page Photo Page Contact Page ... My Family Tree(Orrocks) The Ancient History of the Distinguished Surname ORROCK According to venerable Bede, the "Father of English History" who was born in 673, the Pictish race, one of the founding races of the British Isles, arrived in Scotland from Brittany about the 15th century BC. From France the Picts had sailed northward to Ireland. The ancient Monarchies of Ireland refused them permission to land, but they were allowed to settle in the eastern part of Scotland on condition that all their Kings marry an Irish Princess. This established a matriarchal hierarchy, first in the annals of British history. The family name Orrock is believed to be descended from this source. Nechtan was the first recorded Pictish King about 720A.D, although, according to Roman history, many Pictish Kings before him had fought gallantly at Hadrian`s Wall against the Roman invasion many centuries before. From the north, after the year 900, the Picts were invaded by the Orcadian Vikings who penetrated as far south as Caithness, and they were left with a territory on the eastern coast of Scotland from Aberdeen, south to Edinburgh. From some of the many early documents researchers examined such records as the Inquisitio, 1120 A.D., the Black Book of the Exchequer, the Exchequer Rolls or Scotland, The Ragman Rolls, the Chronicles of the Picts and Scots, and various other cartularies of parishes in Scotland. From these archives they produced the early records of the name in Fifeshire where they were anciently seated in the lands of Orrock some say well before the 12th century. Simon Orrock is recorded as holding those lands in the year 1248. Simon, with his brother Freskinus and son Robert agreed to give the convent of Dunfermline the lands of Muyoch and Knokduy, part of the clan lands of Orrock.

38. Ancient British History With The Nennius Chronicles Germanus then sent the ancient Segerus with him as a he who made war against the picts,and was copypermitted texts related to medieval and Byzantine history. http://www.webmesh.co.uk/nennius4.htm

Search for keyword Home Books on this subject British Chronicles 50. St. Germanus, after his death, returned into his own country. At that time, the Saxons greatly increased in Britain, both in strength and numbers. And Octa, after the death of his father Hengist, came from the sinistral part of the island to the kingdom of Kent, and from him have proceeded all the kings of that province, to the present period. The more the Saxons were vanquished, the more they sought for new supplies of Saxons from Germany; so that kings, commanders, and military bands were invited over from almost every province. And this practice they continued till the reign of Ida, who was the son of Eoppa, he, of the Saxon race, was the first king in Bernicia, and in Cair Ebrauc (York). When Gratian Aequantius was consul at Rome, because then the whole world was governed by the Roman consuls, the Saxons were received by Vortigern in the year of our Lord four hundred and forty-seven, and to the year in which we now write, five hundred and forty-seven. And whosoever shall read herein may receive instruction, the Lord Jesus Christ affording assistance, who, co-eternal with the Father and the Holy Ghost, lives and reigns for ever and ever. Amen. 51. The death of Palladius being known, the Roman patricians, Theodosius and Valentinian, then reigning, pope Celestine sent Patrick to convert the Scots to the faith of the Holy Trinity; Victor, the angel of God, accompanying, admonishing, and assisting him, and also the bishop Germanus.

39. Catriona Fraser: Photograph Of The Aberlemno Stone Scots, harbored a deep hatred for the picts, and in from history of the Pictish race,culture and history. Pictish and protoPictish people of ancient Alba and http://www.geocities.com/SoHo/Square/4638/aberlemno.html

The Aberlemno Stone ©1993 Catriona Fraser Limited Edition of 100 "Venit et extremis legio praetenta Britannis, Quae Scotto dat frena truci ferronque notatas Perlegit examines Picto moriente figuras" The above words of the emperor Claudius perhaps give the only physical description of the race of people known as Picts who once raided Roman Britain, defeated the Anglo-Saxon invaders and in one of the great mysteries of the ancient world, disappeared as a separate people by the end of the tenth century. "This legion, which curbs the savage Scot and studies the designs marked with iron on the face of the dying Pict," are the Claudian words which give some insight as to the name given by Rome to the untamed tribes north of Hadrian's Wall. The Romans called this pre-Celtic people Pictii , or "Painted," although Claudius' words are proof that (as claimed by many historians), the ancient Picts actually tattooed their bodies with designs. To the non-Roman Celtic world of Scots and Irish and the many tribes of Belgic England and Wales they were known as "Cruithni" and for many centuries they represented the unbridled fury of a people who refused to be brought under the yoke of Rome or any foreign invader.

40. McLaughlin Family Ancient History of the united kingdom of the picts and Scots in Dr. James O'Kelly's Gleanings fromUlster history . power, these representatives of the ancient ruling Gaelic http://home.epix.net/~ramcl/ancient.html

The McLaughlin Family History Inishowen, County Donegal, Ireland 379 A.D. - 1241 A.D. The following excerpts are Chapters 3, 5, and 15 from the book, The Ulster Clans, written by Revs. T. H. Mullin and J. E. Mullin, published in 1966 by North-West Books, Limavady, County Derry, Northern Ireland, and reprinted in 1989. Chapter 3 THREE SONS OF OWEN It has been said that Irish history, as apart from legend and romance, begins with Niall of the Nine Hostages, so called because of the pledges he wrung from nine nations. Niall was a tall, fair-haired blue-eyed hero of Gaelic blood, who became High King of Ireland in A.D. 379. A renowned warrior, much of his life was spent in predatory excursions against neighbouring countries such as England, Wales and France. It is possible that it was on one of these raiding expeditions that Saint Patrick was carried off from Britain to become a slave who herded sheep on Slemish Mountain for his pagan master. Niall died on one of these military forays to France in A.D. 405. He had eight sons, and one of these called Laeghaire succeeded his father as High King. He held this position during Patrick's missionary activity, and tolerated the new faith, although apparently he did not wholeheartedly accept it himself. He died in battle, and by his own orders was buried standing upright with his face towards his hereditary foes. Two other sons of Niall, Eaghan (Owen) and Conall marched northwards, conquered North-West Ulster and founded there a new state with its capital at Aileach, a prehistoric stone-built fortress on a hill near Derry, at the root of the Inishowen peninsula. The territory of Conall, now Donegal. was formerly known as Tir-Conall (the land of Conall). The O'Donnells were descendants of Conall. The territory of Owen was Inishowen (the island of Owen), still known by that name. Owen's clan later expanded into Tyrone (Tir-Owen, the land of Owen).

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