41. HIS 101 WHISONANT HIS 101 WHISONANT. The ancient World. 1. Prehistoric 3,000,000 BC – 3500 BC. civilwar. middle kingdom. Thebes. Iron. phoenicians 1100 – 570 BC. Canaanites. http://www.rickwhisonant.com/His101-1.htm

HIS 101 WHISONANT The Ancient World Prehistoric 3,000,000 B.C. – 3500 B.C. A. Paleolithic 3 Mill – 10,000 B.C. B. Neolithic 10,000 – 3500 B.C. Historic 3500 – present Prehistoric Paleolithic Old Stone Age Nomadic Hunters and gatherers social structure extended clan tribe labor language tools utilization fashioning standardization hand axe Control of Fire Primitive Religion Nature oriented Art Domestication Neolithic Age Stone Age Agricultural Rev. Farmers/food producers a. Animals b. Crops c. Food storage Fertile Cresent Impact a. Manipulation of the environment b. Population c. New technology Potters wheel,wheel,sail,plow,ox yoke d. Land/concept of material wealth e. Warfare Civilization Complex Cities Large populations, large buildings Complex urban political and social structure Specialized Labor Writing Education Trade Organized Religion Warfare Impact of Rivers Sumerian Egyptian Why? Learned to organize and cooperate Dams, irrigation canals, draining of swamps Near Eastern Civ. Mesopotamia Tigris + Euphrates Babylonia Sumer – South Akkad – North Sumerians City Life 12 Major City States Ur Labor specialists Religion Ziggurat Priest – class Beliefs Society Recreation Decline of Summer Reasons Conflict Wealth Class Akkadians Sargon the Great Amorites Hammurabi Babylon Code of Laws Contributions Religion Government Kingship Law’s Trade Education Cuneiform Technology EGYPT Nile River Natural protection Lower Upper Narmer Old Kingdom Memphis 2000-2200 B.C.

42. PHOENICIA traditional bonds grew lax and the ancient dues ceased be paid, though as late asthe middle of the The ancients believed that the phoenicians invented the use http://7.1911encyclopedia.org/P/PH/PHOENICIA.htm

document.write(""); PHOENICIA had entered into alliance in 454. The subsequent decline of Athenian land-power had the effect of weakening this new connexion; at the time of the Peloponnesian War Phocis was nominally an ally and dependent of Sparta, and had lost control of Delphi. Henceforth little more is heard of Phocis. During the 3rd century it passed into the powerofMacedoniaandoftheAetolian League, to which in 196 it was definitely annexed. Under the dominion of the Roman republic its national league was dissolved, but was revived by Augustus, who also restored to Phocis the votes in the Delphic Amphictyony which it had lost in 346 and enrolled it in the new Achaean synod. The Phocian League is last heard of under Trajan. See Strabo, pp. 401, 418, 424—425; Pausanias x. 1—4; E. Freeman, History of Federal Government (ed. 1893, London), pp. 113—114; G. Kazarow, Defoederis Phocensium institutis (Leipzig, 1899); B. Head, Historia numorum (Oxford, 1887), pp. 287—288. (M. 0. B. C.) See fragments and the spurious poem in T. Bergk, Poetae lyrici graeci, ii. (4th ed., 1882); J. Bernays Uber das Phokylideiscin Gedicht (1858); Phocylides, Poem of Admonition, with introductior and commentaries by J. B. Fenling, and translation by H. D. Goodwin (Andover, Mass., 1879); F. Susemihl, Geschickte der griechischei Litteratur in der Alexandrinerzeit, (1892), ii. 642; 5. Krauss - (s.v

43. FAS Newsletter: Whatever Happened To Content that as early as 600 BC the ancient phoenicians probably sailed you like to knowabout the ancient Hebrews, but you like to know about the middle Ages, but http://www.ric.edu/fas/fas19aug/

RETURN TO FAS As we approach a new academic year, a moment to recap and look ahead. We successfully secured a substantial grants to create Swarovski Jewelry Teaching Laboratory in the Art Center with seed money from the Manufacturers, Jewelers and Suppliers of America along with the State of Rhode Island. And secured a grant from the Italian Consulate and C.A.S.I.T. to create annual didactic seminars for secondary school teachers of Italian. As we move into a new year, we will continue focusing n many issues discussed in this issue: the education reform movement; scientific measurement issues; media studies; developing honors programs into an honors academy; building transition communities; and improving the second year experience of students at RIC. FACULTY AND STUDENT ROUND UP Departing. Through retirement: Curtis LaFollette (Art); Frank Dolyak (Biology); George Anderson (Mathematics); Robert Boberg (Music); Margaret Hainsworth (Nursing); Robert Viens (Physics); and John Laffey (Psychology). Namita Sarawagi (Computer Science) had to resign for family reasons. And we were all saddened by the sudden death of A. John Roche (English) this past spring. Roger Clark (sociology) in Journal of Aging and Social Policy; and The Handbook of Family Measurement Techniques, 2nd edition. Rachel Filinson (sociology) in Educational Gerontology; Health and Social Care in the Community; Journal of Aging and Social Policy. Jainhong Liu (sociology) in Justice Quarterly and The International Criminal Justice Review. P. William Hutchinson (theatre) review of the Trinity Rep Season in New England Theatre Journal. Carolyn Fluehr-Lobban (anthropology) in The Handbook of Methods in Cultural Anthropology. Mark Anderson (English) in Poet Lore. Robert Sullivan (geography) in The Columbia Gazetteer of the World (Columbia University Press).

44. Djvued.libs.uga.edu/text/sibtxt.txt v3,Xurral,  by challenging Celsus to produce ancient copies of with them lived onuntil in the middle ages shall bear rule, j' and the phoenicians, invaders of http://djvued.libs.uga.edu/text/sibtxt.txt

45. Antiquities - Bronze Ceramics Fine Art Gems Paintings Porcelain Pottery Prints S which other than textiles many ancient well one great number marble middle gothicstained edoprints eyewitness phoenician phoenicians macedonian advantage http://www.dot411.com/select?antiquities

46. Miscellaneous Musings away for Egypt, the Hebrews, and the phoenicians before returning in which one wakesup in the middle of the The ancient world is calling to mereading a book http://members.aol.com/peterow/pmisc.htm

Home E-mail me Miscellaneous Musings (mostly about related books, from academic to beach/bathtub books) (and more or less limited to gender and historical topics) I have now finished editing and reworking my history entries! Grading about a hundred term papers each semester has made me much more alert to wording, not to mention grammar and punctuation. My recent read of The Transitive Vampire and has also increased my linguisitic awareness. Whatever. I am pickier and pickier about my writing. And, in two and a half weeks I will be back at work. Classes don't start until August 27, but I have two days of faculty stuff the previous week. This summer has been quite one for reading. I believe I have mentioned how much I enjoy fiction with well-researched historical settings. I began this summer with The Corn King and the Spring Queen , by Naomi Mitchison. It takes place in the post-Alexandrian period, and it's 700 pages that start and end in a Black Sea community. In between the protagonists (or at least the Spring Queen) spends time in Sparta and Ptolemaic Egypt. I really enjoyed it. Graham Shipley talked about it very enthusiastically in his scholarly (but highly readable) book The Greek World after Alexander Destination Biafra , and Double Yoke . (I'm using the first of them in my second half course.) The Mesopotamia entries will probably be totally reworked. I am giving serious consideration to teaching (World Civ. first half) Mesopotamia as a continuous unit, rather than (as the textbooks have it) going from the earliest civilization only to Hammurabi, then breaking away for Egypt, the Hebrews, and the Phoenicians before returning to Mesopotamia and the Assyrians. The time line gets really confusing. Therefore, the two Mesopotamia units will be the last to get edited and revised.

47. Overheads Age of Athens ; High Point of ancient Greek Culture; Writing Borrowed from phoenicians;Alphabetic, not Syllabic; Greeks add Rising middle class demands reforms. http://members.aol.com/greghays/overheads.html

CL CIV 110/114 This page last updated 21/xii/97 , through Lecture Click here for CL CIV 110 Grades (Final exam and course grades) Click here for CL CIV 114 Grades (Final exam and course grades) (Posting still in progress). NB: Please be patient with links; there are some glitches with these, which I'm working on (slowly). Lecture 1: Introduction Five Periods of Ancient Greek History Bronze Age c. 2000- c. 1200 B.C. Minoans on island of Crete Mycenaeans in mainland Greece Both destroyed mysteriously c. 1200 The "Dark Ages" c. 1200-800 B.C. Iliad Odyssey orally transmitted Archaic Period c. 800-479 B.C. Cultural Innovation Greek colonies overseas Persian Wars Classical Period 479-323 B.C. "The Age of Athens" High Point of Ancient Greek Culture Peloponnesian War Socrates, Plato, Aristotle Alexander the Great Hellenistic Period 323-31 B.C. Death of Alexander Gradual conquest by Rome Greek Civilization: Main Sources Written Sources History/Biography/Politics Herodotus : Persian Wars Thucydides : Peloponnesian War Xenophon Continuation of Thucydides Oeconomicus Aristotle Politics Constitution of Athens Plutarch : biographies Other Literature Poetry (Homer, Lyric Poets)

48. GREAT MOTHER OF THE GODS St Clair and Detroit, and across the middle of lakes Cybele is her favourite namein ancient and modern by contact with the Syrians and phoenicians, so that it http://67.1911encyclopedia.org/G/GR/GREAT_MOTHER_OF_THE_GODS.htm

document.write(""); GREAT MOTHER OF THE GODS channel. 4 The Grand Trunk railway opened in 1891 a single track tunnel under the river St Clair, from Sarnia to Port Huron. It is 6026 ft. long, a cylinder 20 ft. in diameter, lined with cast iron in flanged sections. A second tunnel was undertaken between Detroit and Windsor,’ under the river Detroit. NEW YORK. cheaply. The cost of freight per ton-mile fell from 23/100 cent ha 1887 to 8/100 cent in 1898; since then the rate has slightly risen, but keeps well below 1/10 cent per ton-mile. The Great Lakes never freeze over completely, but the harbours and often the connecting rivers are closed by ice. The navigable season at the Sault is about 73/4 months; in lake Erie it is somewhat longer. The season of navigation has been slightly lengthened since 1905, by using powerful tugs as ice-breakers in the spring and autumn, the Canadian government undertaking the service at Canadian terminal ports, chiefly at Fort William and Port Arthur, the most northerly ports, where the season is naturally shortest, and the Lake Carriers’ Association, a federation of the freighting steamship owners, acting in the river St Mary. Car ferries run through the winter across lake Michigan and the Strait of Mackinac, across the rivers St Clair and Detroit, and across the middle of lakes Erie and Ontario. The largest of these steamers is 350 ft. long by 56 ft. wide, draught 14 ft., horse power 3500, speed 13 knots. She carries on four tracks 30 freight cars, with 1350 tons of freight. Certain passenger steamers run on lake Michigan, from Chicago north, all the winter.

49. Chapter One first visited England in company with the phoenicians about the the evidence relatingto Jews in ancient Cornwall current in Exeter just after the middle of the http://www.eclipse.co.uk/exeshul/susser/thesis/thesischapterone.htm

CHAPTER 1 The early settlement of Jews in Devon and Cornwall Part 1 Ancient traces of the Jews in Devon and Cornwall It is worth noting that much of the evidence which points to Jewish settlement or influence in Britain during the pre-Roman period, relates in the main to Devon and Cornwall. Part 2 Jews in Medieval Devon and Cornwall Table 1: The chirographers of Exeter, 1224-90 First and last First and last Jewish known dates of Christian known dates of chirographers office chirographersoffice Moses le Turk 1224-1233* Lawrence Cissore 1244 Ursell, son-in-law and of Amiot 1224** Henry Picot 1224-3+ Hak (Isaac) Richard Bollock 1266-77++ David Taylor 1277% Josce Crespin 1224-66 and Bonenfant son of Leo 1244%% Lumbard Episcopus 1260-66@ Leo of Burg' before 1266 Jacob Copin 1266-80~ Jacob Crespin 1275-90~~ * Adler, 'Medieval Jews', pp. 227, 239. + Ibid. p. 239. They acted together. ++ Ibid. p. 233. ^ Ibid. p. 229. ^^ Rigg, Plea Rolls, I, 132. % Adler, 'Medieval Jews', p. 233. %% Ibid. p. 228. Josce Crespin and Bonenfant acted together. Josce of Exeter, chirographer in 1266, was probably Josce Crespin (Rigg, Plea Rolls, I, 132). @ Adler, 'Medieval Jews', p. 229 and Rigg, Plea Rolls, I, 135.

50. February 10, 2002  Aryan Update No phoenicians, no Leif Erikson, no Henry the civilizations were established by ancientIndoEuropean Italy, Austria, Belgium, Portugal and the middle east. http://www.resist.com/updates/2002updates/2.10.02aryanupdate.htm

Aryan Update February 10, 2002 WAR INFORMATION NETWORK 2-10-02 Our E mail address is warmetzger@aol.com Website-www.resist.com -Phone our update line 760-723-8996 changed as often as possible. Tell your friends to join the e-mail WAR family list by e-mailing and type subscribe. For a list of our Books, Video and audiotapes, flags, rings, pendants etc. Send $3 for a sample copy of our latest WAR newspaper-We have This time the World- By Rockwell. It's out of print, but WAR has it $40. The eye opening book Might is Right -by Ragnar Redbeard- $15- The famous White Terror video is now on CD. It’s the Story of the "Order" $20 - 1000 W.A.R. Newspapers $100 post paid or 100 papers for $20. You may use AOL quick cash to send payments for orders if you have a credit card. You do not have to be an AOL subscriber. Otherwise checks or money orders to John Metzger. For some belly laughs and atta boys call our update line. Terrible Tommy does a daily commentary on the news from a White Racist point of view. VH1 is going to air a special on the WP music scene premiering on February 18. Here is a link about the show and a poll on whether hate rock should be banned.

51. ***TECH TREE***: Wonders Of The Ancient World - Apolyton Civilization Site Forum The phoenicians, trading from the Mediterranean to Great Britain his military rusesSun Bin(middle of the Wonders of the ancient World 'With the establishment http://www.apolyton.net/forums/Forum6/HTML/001212.html

Apolyton Civilization Site Forums Civ3-General/Suggestions ***TECH TREE***: Wonders of the Ancient World profile register preferences faq ... bottom of page Author Topic: ***TECH TREE***: Wonders of the Ancient World Current Date/Time: April 02, 2000 08:34:55 Civ3 Winter '99 Apolytoner From: Work in Seoul, Korea. From Los Angeles. Registered: Apr 99 posted March 11, 2000 22:30 We have done an outstanding job getting dates and information on a wealth of topics! But my goal is for this to be actually used by Firaxis, and to do that, we need to really nail down dates and sources as best we can. I'm starting us on Wonders of the Ancient World and will start the next group once we all agree on these. Please provide a quote from your source, like this: quote: Rhodes, Colossus of : "Colossal statue of the sun god Helios that stood in the ancient Greek city of Rhodes and was one of the Seven Wonders of the World. ...."Yin ( http://www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/6/0,5716,65066+1,00.html If we do this, Firaxis will have a very easy time trusting our findings and putting them directly in the game! Also, with source linked, we can directly look at the facts ourselves. So, let's confirm the following: Wonders of the Ancient World Colossus 292-280BCS. Kroeze

52. CIVILIZATIONS (ver1.1): Hosted By LordStone1 - Apolyton Civilization Site Forums predecessors Incas including predecessors - phoenicians - Polynesians - Celts thePenquin Atlas of ancient History, not own, that act as middle Men spreading http://www.apolyton.net/forums/Forum28/HTML/000077-2.html

Thread Closed Apolyton Civilization Site Forums Civ3-The List of Ideas for Firaxis CIVILIZATIONS (ver1.1): hosted by LordStone1 (Page 2) This topic is 2 pages long: profile register preferences faq ... bottom of page Author Topic: CIVILIZATIONS (ver1.1): hosted by LordStone1 NotLikeTea Civer IP: posted June 01, 1999 18:17 [getting off topic] I thought that the "Indians" (I assume you mean native americans) did not come from the south american cultures, but were an independant culture. Actually, since migration came from Siberia and spread south, it might be possible to argue that the South american tribes came from the northern ones, though in the case of Civ it's not necessary. Rong Civer IP: posted June 01, 1999 19:04 quote: ...Chinese ( The state Chi was erected by former Persains and monguls ) Huh? I assume you are talking about the Ch'in dynasty, founded by Shih Huang Ti on 221 BC. He's 100 per cent chinese. Q Cubed Civer IP: posted June 01, 1999 20:12 I would list these as the civilizations: Greece Celts American English Native American German French Japanese Chinese Russian Spanish Korean Dutch Portuguese Viking Roman Egyptian Persian Turkish Phoenecian Zulu Hebrew Assyrian Indian Khmer Polynesian Thai Indonesian Incan Mayan Nigerian Aztec Brazil Mexico Ethiopia Mongols Byzantine Arab Tibetans Oh, and Korea (Shilla, Paekchae and Korguryo) existed as far back as 5000 bc.

53. Sailor.gutenberg.org/gutenberg/etext96/pgwc04.txt The Greek xex got /xex it from the phoenicians. line of the staff, abows that lineto be middle C. /def def q The qex cadet /qex of an ancient and noble http://sailor.gutenberg.org/gutenberg/etext96/pgwc04.txt

C. C C is the third letter of the English alphabet. It is from the Latin letter C, which in old Latin represented the sounds of k , and g (in go ); its original value being the latter. In Anglo-Saxon words, or Old English before the Norman Conquest, it always has the sound of k . The Latin C was the same letter as the Greek got it from the Phoenicians. The English name of C is from the Latin name ce , and was derived, probably, through the French. Etymologically C is related to g h k q s (and other sibilant sounds). Examples of these relations are in L. a c utus, E. a c ute, a g ue; E. a c rid, ea g ar; L. c ornu, E. h orn; E. c at, k itten; E. c oy, q uiet; L. c ir c are, OF. c er ch ier, E. s ear ch See Guide to Pronunciation (Mus.) (b) C after the clef is the mark of common time, in which each measure is a semibreve (four fourths or crotchets); for alla breve time it is written (c) As a numeral, C stands for Latin centum or 100, CC for 200, etc. C spring a spring in the form of the letter C. n. [Ar. ka'ban , let, a square building, fr. ka'b cube] The small and nearly cubical stone building, toward which all Mohammedans must pray.

54. M. C. To Magnanimously The ancient doctrine of Leucippus, that the atom may best popular literature ofthe middle Ages mariner's compass, which perhaps the phoenicians made; each http://www.walden.org/emerson/Concordance/MAAA-MAGNA.HTM

M. C. to Magnanimously M. C., n. (1) ACri 12.292 7 A Mr. Randall, M. C., who appeared before the committee of the House of Commons on the subject of the American mode of closing a debate, said, that the one-hour rule worked well; made the debate short and graphic. Macaulay, Thomas, n. (2) The brilliant Macaulay, who expresses the tone of the English governing classes of the day, explicitly teaches that good means good to eat, good to wear... Every day in London gave me new opportunities of meeting men and women who give splendor to society. I saw Rogers, Hallam, Macaulay... Macaulays, n. (1) Hundreds of clever Praeds and Freres and Froudes and Hoods and Hooks and Maginns and Mills and Macaulays, make poems, or short essays for a journal, as they make speeches in Parliament and on the hustings... Macbeth [Shakespeare, Macbe (1) PI 8.44 12 The humor of Falstaff, the terror of Macbeth, have each their swarm of fit thoughts and images... Macbeth [William Shakespear (4) ShP 4.205 13 About the time when [Shakespeare] was writing Macbeth, he sues Philip Rogers...for thirty-five shillings, ten pence, for corn delivered to him at different times;...

55. Luciferic Mystery this was not likely to be in the middle of winter the patronage of Nimrod, appearedin the ancient world in which he was followed by the phoenicians and Egyptians http://king-jesuschrist.com/lucifericmystery.htm

Jnuary 22, 2001 PRAYER REQUEST DISCIPLESHIP BIOGRAPH CONTENTS ... THE SUNDAY CULT WORLD NEWS Repentance Forgiveness Baptism THE LUCIFERIC MYSTERY GO TO: Catergory Index Discipleship Sin Demons Lucifer Fallen Angels Death Hell Lake Of Fire Final Judgment Apostacy The Faith Of Christ The Two Babylons by Alexander Hislop The Two Babylons Alexander Hislop Chapter III Festivals Section I. Christmas and Lady-day If Rome be indeed the Babylon of the Apocalypse, and the Madonna enshrined in her sanctuaries be the very queen of heaven, for the worshipping of whom the fierce anger of God was provoked against the Jews in the days of Jeremiah, it is of the last consequence that the fact should be established beyond all possibility of doubt; for that being once established, every one who trembles at the Word of God must shudder at the very thought of giving such a system, either individually or nationally, the least countenance or support. Something has been said already that goes far to prove the identity of the Roman and Babylonian systems; but at every step the evidence becomes still more overwhelming. That which arises from comparing the different festivals is peculiarly so. The festivals of Rome are innumerable; but five of the most important may be singled out for elucidationviz., Christmas-day, Lady-day, Easter, the Nativity of St. John, and the Feast of the Assumption. Each and all of these can be proved to be Babylonian. And first, as to the festival in honour of the birth of Christ, or Christmas. How comes it that that festival was connected with the 25th of December? There is not a word in the Scriptures about the precise day of His birth, or the time of the year when He was born. What is recorded there, implies that at what time soever His birth took place, it

56. Rome Bibliog Sabatino Moscati, ed., The phoenicians. Geoffrey Rickman, The Corn Supply of AncientRome. Pannonia and Upper Moesia a History of the middle Danube provinces http://www.historyrome.com/Rome_bibliog.html

57. Places And Cultural Groups In Ancient History angels, Michael the archangel, Raphael the archangel, Gabriel the archangel, angel, Bible angels, Black angel, Indian angel, angel art, angel pictures, angel drawings, guardian angel http://ancienthistory.about.com/cs/places

zfp=-1 About History Ancient/Classical History Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting in partnership with Ancient/Classical History with N.S. Gill Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') This Week's Articles tod('tih'); Today in History Daily Quiz tod('pod'); Picture of the Day Special Subscription Offers Subscribe Now Choose One: Subscribe Customer Service Subjects ~Egypt ~Ancient Greece ~Rome ~Indus Valley ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Places and Cultural Groups Places in ancient history and ancient cultural groups. Information about the ancient civilizations, Greece, Rome, Egypt, the Near and Far East, European and Pre-Columbian Mesoamerican groups. Maps Maps and geography of the ancient world and underworld. Places A-G Places and cultural groups A-G. Anatolia, Armenia, Assyria, Bactria, Balochistan, China, Egypt, Ephesus, Europe, Far East, Germany, and Greece. Places H-M Places and Cultural Groups H-M. Illyria, Japan, Indus Valley, Judaea, Israel, Libya, and Mesoamerica.

58. EWHH Links The phoenicians, All about the phoenicians and their contributions. Unit Five AncientRome, The Roman Empire, and Early Unit Seven Early middle Ages Europe. http://fp.lhps.org/gclemens/EWHH Links.htm

EARLY WORLD HISTORY HONORS LINKS PAGE *The following is an initial list of Social Studies and World History-related websites that should be useful to students in this course. It is only a beginning, however. Early World History Honors students will have the opportunity to add to the list of links throughout this course. Hopefully, by the end of the year, this page will become something 9th grade Lake Highland students will be proud of. General Social Studies Links National Council for the Social Studies Florida Council for the Social Studies The World Lecture Hall Washington Social Studies Links ... Social Studies Sites World History-Related Links Daily Life in Ancient Civilizations Resources for Honors World History The Ancient World Web Bloodaxe's History Links ... Age of Exploration Links Miscellaneous Links Dead Sea Scrolls Great Books in Western Civilization Unit-Related Links This portion of the links page will be produced by students during the course of the school year. Unit One: Pre-History and Ancient Egypt Pre-History Websites - Provided By Peter Gebhard and Jonathon Hiett Venus of Willendorf: *This site tells a variety of interesting facts about the famous fertility figurine.

59. Dr. J's On-Line Survey Of Audio-Visual Resources For Classics: Greco-Roman Gener of agriculture of Minoans, phoenicians, Egyptians (Clear and Greek posters on Elementary/MiddleSchool Greece Interactive ancient Mediterranean Project ok 6/02. http://lilt.ilstu.edu/drjclassics2/Files/grecoromangeneral.shtm

Click on this photo for Dr J's Illustrated Guide to the Classical World Survey of Audio-Visual Resources for Classics SEARCH THIS SITE FAQ HOME Directory of Distributors General Ancient World Civilizations Middle and Near East Civilizations Archaeology Databases Greco-Roman Civilization Mythology Philosophy Greek Culture Civilization Art and Archaeology Games Greek Literature Epic Drama Greek Language Study Music Grammar, Vocabulary, Works Performance Materials Keyed to Specific Language Texts Roman Culture Civilization Art and Archaeology Games Roman Conquered Lands ... Pompeii, etc. Latin literature Poetry Drama Latin Language Study Music Games Performances Grammar, Vocabulary, Works ... Materials Keyed to Specific Language Texts The Classical Legacy In Our Language In Our Culture In Shakespeare In Film Elementary/Middle School Mythology Archaeology Aesop's Fables Ancient World Civilizations ... Roman Civilization Miscellaneous Apparel Art Replicas Coins, Jewelry, Medals Miscellanea ... Stationery GRECO-ROMAN CIVILIZATION GENERAL av websites instructional cd-roms instructional videos books on audio cassette ... posters Websites The Theatron Project Theatre History in Europe: Architectural and Textual Resources Online.

60. TUNSTALL, C. the air leaving the tunnel under the middle of the carried on from the time of thePhoenicians to the In ancient times the fish were preserved in salt, and http://31.1911encyclopedia.org/T/TU/TUNSTALL_C_.htm

document.write(""); TUNSTALL, C. TUNNEL .VAULT—TUNNY carbonic acid amounting to from 15 or 20 to 60, 70 and even 89 parts in 10,000. But since the adoption of electricity as the motive power the atmosphere of the tunnels has much improved, and two samples taken from the cars in 1905 gave 11-27 an(l I4'°7 parts of carbonic acid in 10,000. The Boston system of electrically operated subways and tunnels is ventilated by electric fans capable of completely changing the air in each section about every fifteen minutes. Air admitted at portals and stations is withdrawn midway between stations. In the case of the East Boston tunnel, the air leaving the tunnel under the middle of the harbour is carried to the shore through longitudinal ducts (fig. 3) and is there expelled through fan-chambers. Volume of Air Required for Ventilation. — The consumption of coal by a locomotive during the passage through a tunnel having been ascertained, and 29 cub. ft. of poisonous gas being allowed for each pound of coal consumed, the volume of fresh air required to maintain the atmosphere of the tunnel at a standard of purity of 20 parts of carbon dioxide in 10,000 parts of air is ascertained as follows: The number of pounds of fuel consumed per mile, multiplied by 29, multiplied by 500, and divided by the interval in minutes between the trains, will give the volume of air in cubic feet which must be introduced into the tunnel per minute. As an illustration, assume that the tunnel is a mile in length, that the consumption of fuel is 32 ft per mile, and that one train passes through the tunnel every five minutes in each direction; then the volume of air required per minute will be

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