1. Panamá: Protected Areas Vs. Indigenous Peoples Panamá Protected areas vs. indigenous peoples The accelerated destruction of forests is one of the most serious environmental problems of panama, which at present retains only one third of its original forest cover. http://www.wrm.org.uy/bulletin/57/Panama.html

Panamá: Protected areas vs. indigenous peoples The accelerated destruction of forests is one of the most serious environmental problems of Panama, which at present retains only one third of its original forest cover. The best solution found by the State to tackle this problem has been to define protected areas, under the name of "parks", which are generally inhabited by indigenous peoples. This is what happened, for instance, in the Darien National Park, where approximately 40 communities of the Kuna people (Pucuru and Paya) live, or in the La Amistad International Park, where both Naso-Teribe and Bri-Bri peoples live. The establishment of protected areas in these territories implies a ban on hunting, fishing, plant growing and the traditional use of natural resources, and therefore it affects the subsistence of these peoples whose cosmology focuses on their relationship with Mother Earth. Panama has ratified the Convention on Biological Diversity, which aims at the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of natural resources and the equitable sharing of the benefits derived from the use of natural resources. Article 8j of the Convention also establishes that the States, subject to their own legislation, are to respect, preserve and maintain the knowledge, innovations and practices of the indigenous peoples in reference to the use of the natural resources found in their territories. This means that the States should respect the principle of spirituality and sacredness, which are the practice of the indigenous people in reference to the use of the natural resources that surround them.

2. PANAMA: Indigenous People Fear Genetic Slavery by Silvio Hernández panama CITY, Dec 17 (IPS) The Kuna indigenous leader AtencioLopez, who has been running stealing'' of genes from native peoples for the http://www.oneworld.org/ips2/dec/panama3.html

IPS news reports appear daily in English, German, Finnish, Norwegian, Spanish and Swedish. To subscribe , please contact us at: Africa Asia Caribbean Europe ... North America PANAMA: Indigenous People Fear Genetic Slavery by Silvio Hernández PANAMA CITY, Dec 17 (IPS) - The lack of protection for the human and cultural rights of the indigenous Central Americans has awoken their fears of being submitted to genetic slavery by unscrupulous scientists. The first alarm was sounded several years ago when the genes of a Panamanian Ngobe-Bugle woman were patented in the United States as a scientific discovery by two US researchers. The woman, resident in the Caribbean province of Bocas del Toro and whose name was reserved to protect her identity, was carrier of the HLV2 virus, similar to that which produces AIDS. Kuna indigenous leader Atencio Lopez, who has been running an international campaign against the ''stealing'' of genes from native peoples for the last four years, told IPS the genes were taken from the woman by foreign researchers with the help of local doctors who extracted the blood. The ngobe-bugle are carriers of HLV2 but do not develop the illnesses associated with this as they have antibodies which protect them.

3. Kuna Indians Of Panama, 500 Years Of Indigenous Resistance from the Kuna Indians of panama on 500 Years of indigenous Resistence. We, indigenous peoples are more than just present, http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/40/019.html

Date: Thu, 25 Jul 96 17:15:25 EST Subject: Rethinking Columbus/"An Indigenous Manifesto" (fwd) Sender: owner-taino-l@corso.ccsu.ctstateu.edu Source: ftp.css.itd.umich.edu/nn/1492/essay/ 1492: A time for jubilation? From a tabloid. 25 July, 1996 Statement from the Kuna Indians of Panama on 500 Years of Indigenous Resistence We, indigenous peoples are more than just present, but are rebuilding our societies for the next 500 years of justice and liberty. We believe that it is crucial that all indigenous people come together to analyze what we have accomplished up until now. Our beliefs have been negated for so long; others have spoken for us and have imposed their political ideologies upon us. We must now come together in order to build a more just society, based on the rights of each group, no matter how small, to choose our own destiny. We are very conscious that the struggle for justice will not be achieved by Indian people alone. An alliance with other oppressed sectors is necessary. However, this alliance should emerge from an atmosphere of respect for our differences. 1492: Discovery? Encounter? Invasion? stands with the undefeated losers of the European conquest. This sixteen-page tabloid tells the story of the conquest from the perspective of the indigenous people of Latin America and of North America. It draws from the log of Columbus and from the writing of Rigoberta Menchu, a Guatemalan Indian. It draws from the statements of Native Americans organized for their own commemoration of 500 Years of resistance. It raises questions about "progress." It provides opportunities for student participation through suggested activities and discussion questions.

4. RIGHTS: Defending Indigenous Cultures Against Globalisation The First Millennium Conference of indigenous peoples has been organised by panama'sNapguana (''core of the earth'', in the Kuna language) Association, and http://www.oneworld.org/ips2/apr01/01_44_003.html

IPS news reports appear daily in English, German, Finnish, Norwegian, Spanish and Swedish. To subscribe , please contact us at: Africa Asia Caribbean Europe ... North America RIGHTS: Defending Indigenous Cultures against Globalisation By Kintto Lucas PANAMA CITY, May 8 (IPS) - Indigenous leaders from around the world are gathered this week in the Panamanian capital, where they have launched a global appeal to defend their traditions against the imposition of mass culture they contend is inherent in the globalisation process. Delegates to the First Millennium Conference of Indigenous Peoples discussed in the Monday plenary session the progress their communities have made in development since 1994, the year marking the start of the International Decade of the World's Indigenous Peoples, declared by the United Nations. The approximately 200 native leaders also deliberated the creation of a Permanent Forum on Indigenous Peoples within the UN system, as well as the economic and cultural impacts of globalisation in their communities, and mechanisms to ensure respect for indigenous rights. Tuesday saw the reinforcement of the common stance the world's native peoples will take at the UN World Conference against Racism and Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance, to take place this September in Durban, South Africa.

5. UNDP (Guyana) National Report On Indigenous Peoples And Development panama Mining, forests and indigenous peoples' rights The isthmus of panama stretches in Central America, one of the regions of highest natural and cultural diversity in the world. http://www.sdnp.org.gy/undp-docs/nripd

UNDP - Associate Expert on Indigenous People (Main body of report converted to HTML by SDNP Guyana, 1999) Guyana, located in the northeast of South America, is a rather small multiracial and English-speaking country. The approximately 740,000 people living in the country is made up out of Amerindians (5.3 %), Blacks (30.5 %), East Indians (51.4 %), Chinese (0.2 %), White (2.1 %), and Mixed (10 %). During the last decade, popula- tion figures have been declining due to the out-migration of Guyanese for economic reasons, mainly to the United States of America. There are 4 natural regions : For administrative purposes, Guyana is divided into 10 regions : Guyana is also known as "the land of many waters", because of the many rivers in the country. Most regional boundaries are following the natural features of rivers. The name "Indigenous People" is an alien term for Guyanese to the extent that almost everybody, indigenous persons included, speak about the "Amerindians". Originally, the Guyana Shield counted many more tribes as in today's situation. Scientists like W. Edwards, found proof that the Amerindian occupation of Guyana goes back as far as 12,000 years. But since early colonization many peoples, among which the Maiongkongs, the Maopityans, the Drios, Tarumas, Amaripas and Pianoghottos, disappeared or assimilated with the mainstream of Guyanese society. In today's Guyana, there still exist nine indigenous tribes living scattered all over the Country. These are the Akawaio (3,800), Arekuna (475), Arawak (15,000), Macushi (Braz. Macuxi - 7,000), Wapishanas (6,000), Patamuna (4,700), Waiwai (198), Warrau (4,700) and Carib (2,700). They belong to three different linguistic groups : the Arawakan, the Cariban and the Warrauan. There are also a few members of other tribes in Guyana (Trio, Atorad, Taruma). In most cases, these people immigrated from neighboring countries and settled in Guyana, as in the case of the Trio at Cashew Island in the vicinity of the Rio Novo.

6. Panama: Mining, Forests And Indigenous Peoples' Rights panama Mining, forests and indigenous peoples' rights. The isthmusof panama stretches in Central America, one of the regions of http://www.wrm.org.uy/bulletin/46/Panama.html

Panama: Mining, forests and indigenous peoples' rights The isthmus of Panama stretches in Central America, one of the regions of highest natural and cultural diversity in the world. Different forest ecosystems constitute an essential component of such richness. Several indigenous nations have found in the forests their home and source of livelihoods. In Darién, San Blás and Panamá Oriente live the Emberá-Wounan and the Kuna indigenous people, while the Teribe occupy the area of Bocas del Toro, in the border with Costa Rica, together with the Ngobe-Bugle, who also inhabit part of the provinces of Veraguas and Chiriquí Oriente. According to the 1990 National Census, the indigenous population of Panama is composed of 180,700 individuals, which represents 7.8% of the total population of the country. According to the existing records, since 1850 the forest area has been declining at a high rate. That year forests were estimated to cover 91% of the country’s area, even after having suffered a severe process of deforestation caused by the Spanish colonization, which started in the 16th century. During the 20th century the fall was remarkable. For example, between 1950 and 1960 forest cover diminished from 68% to 58%. According to official estimates, in 1992 the forest area was reduced to 3,358,304 hectares, representing 44% of the country’s area. Nowadays deforestation rate has been estimated in 75,000 hectares a year.

7. WIPO/INDIP/RT/98/ indigenous peoples AND LOCAL COMMUNITIES. Document presented by Mr. Atencio López, President of the Napguana Association, panama http://www.wipo.org/eng/meetings/1998/indip

ROUNDTABLE ON INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND INDIGENOUS PEOPLES Geneva, July 23 and 24, 1998 WIPO/INDIP/RT/98/1 Rev. (July 13, 1998) PROGRAM prepared by the International Bureau (available in Adobe PDF and MS Word 2.0 formats) OPENING ADDRESS (July 23, 1998) Opening Address by Mr. Roberto Castelo Deputy Director General, World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) (available in Adobe PDF and MS Word 2.0 formats) OPENING REMARKS (July 23, 1998) Opening remarks by Professor Erica-Irene Daes Chairperson, UNHCHR Working Group on Indigenous Populations (available in Adobe PDF and MS Word 2.0 formats) WIPO/INDIP/RT/98/2 (July 21, 1998) Document prepared by the International Bureau (available in Adobe PDF and MS Word 2.0 formats) WIPO/INDIP/RT/98/INF/2 Rev. (July 13, 1998) RULES OF PROCEDURE prepared by the International Bureau (available in Adobe PDF and MS Word 2.0 formats) WIPO/INDIP/RT/98/2 Add. (July 23, 1998) Document prepared by the International Bureau of WIPO (available in Adobe PDF and MS Word 2.0

8. PANAMA: INDIGENOUS PEOPLE RAISE ALARMS ABOUT ... OTC 19.12.97 0247 panama CITY, (Dec Kuna indigenous leader Atencio Lopez has runan international campaign the stealing of genes from native peoples for the http://www.netlink.de/gen/Zeitung/971219b.htm

PANAMA: INDIGENOUS PEOPLE RAISE ALARMS ABOUT ... OTC 19.12.97 02:47 PANAMA CITY, (Dec. 17) IPS - Indigenous leaders are again raising an alarm against gene robbery by unscrupulous scientists among their people, a practice they say is money-motivated and exempt from international agreements on human rights. The first alarm was sounded several years ago when the genes of a Panamanian Ngobe-Bugle woman were patented in the United States as a scientific discovery by two U.S. researchers. The woman, whose name was withheld, was a resident in the Caribbean province of Bocas del Toro. She was a carrier of the HLV2 virus, which is similar to the virus that produces AIDS. Kuna indigenous leader Atencio Lopez has run an international campaign against the "stealing" of genes from native peoples for the last four years. He told IPS the genes were taken from the woman by foreign researchers with the help of local doctors who extracted the blood. The Ngobe-Bugle are carriers of HLV2 but they do not develop the associated illnesses, as they have antibodies which protect them. Lopez explained that as AIDS "is like El Dorado" for the big pharmaceutical transnationals, anything close to the virus "makes them crazy and they will stop at nothing to get hold of and control their formulas."

9. NATIVE-L (October 1995): PANAMA-INDIGENOUS: Native Peoples Face Brutal Punishmen panamaindigenous Native peoples Face Brutal Punishment. ** 05-Oct-95***. Title panama-indigenous Native peoples Face Brutal Punishment. http://nativenet.uthscsa.edu/archive/nl/9510/0127.html

PANAMA-INDIGENOUS: Native Peoples Face Brutal Punishment Glen Switkes glenirn@igc.apc.org Wed, 11 Oct 1995 12:50:22 -0700 Articles sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] Next article: LawrencegL: "Re: RAFI Press Release: Indigenous Person Patented" Previous article: professional@nn.apc.org: "Action: pro-Quilombo Indians Dam Building" glenirn@igc.apc.org Subject: PANAMA-INDIGENOUS: Native Peoples Face Brutal Punishment /* Written 4:09 PM Oct 8, 1995 by newsdesk in igc:ips.english */ Worldwide distribution via the APC networks. *** 05-Oct-95 *** Title: PANAMA-INDIGENOUS: Native Peoples Face Brutal Punishment PANAMA, Oct 5 (IPS) - Authorities on Panama's western coast, in a practice recalling the Middle Ages, have brought back the wooden pillory to punish rebellious native peoples, a local humanitarian group has charged. Activists of Catholic group Service of Peace and Justice (Serpaj) showed photographs of an improvised pillory used to hold indigenous men, women and children accused of breaking the law. The pillory was constructed of two wooden boards with openings in the shape of a half moon. It is used to immobilize a person by

10. NATIVE-L (July 1993): Panama: Indigenous Actions For Land Repressed This situation, common to the four indigenous peoples in panama (Kuna, Ngob,Embera and Teribe), led to widespread protests on May 27 and 28. http://nativenet.uthscsa.edu/archive/nl/9307/0117.html

Panama: Indigenous Actions for Land Repressed Rich Winkel rich@pencil.cs.missouri.edu Fri, 16 Jul 1993 17:29:29 MDT Articles sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] Next article: Kevin Chambers: "Native internet info request" Previous article: Rich Winkel: "UK: Protest at Palace perplexes press" [ This article relayed from the Usenet "soc.culture.native" newsgroup ] /** reg.panama: 21.0 **/ ** Topic: Indigenous Actions for Land Repres ** ** Written 2:03 pm Jul 13, 1993 by fornatl in cdp:reg.panama ** Urgent Action Appeal Kuna , Embera and Ngob People of Panama Seek Recognition, Meet with Repression Indigenous people in Panama who have mobilized in recent weeks for recognition of their lands against invading settlers have met with arrests, tear gas and - in one case - death. Ngob-Bugle and Embera Indians held peaceful demonstrations in five provinces on May 27, demanding that the government complete demarcation of indigenous lands. On May 28, one Ngob-Bugl man was beaten to death by police agents when a group of demonstrators was blocking the Pan-American Highway.

11. Indigenous Peoples/Planeta.com What should books about indigenous peoples strive for acceptance among academics or the native peoples themselves? This book focuses on panama's indigenous Kuna people. http://www.planeta.com/planeta/95/1195people.html

Native Peoples and Environmental Conservation Reviews of Plants and Animals in the Life of the Kuna and Indigenous Peoples and the Future of Amazonia by Ron Mader November 1995 Planeta.com Site Map Events Amazon ... Book Reviews What should books about indigenous peoples strive for - acceptance among academics or the native peoples themselves? If there is a way to strike a compromise, the authors of Plants and Animals in the Life of the Kuna , have found a way to bridge the gap. This book focuses on Panama's indigenous Kuna people. The work, an environmental and artistic mosaic, is a collaboration among two Kuna biologists and a Panamanian colleague. Illustrations by Kuna artists Ologuagdi and Enrique Tejada provide a clear portal for curious outsiders. The authors document a variety of factors that contribute to environmental degradation, including abuses of the market economy, population growth, and careless practices. Being native to a region does not imply omnipotence. "The Kuna, like the indigenous peoples of North America who enthusiastically killed beaver so that Europeans could wear tall hats, have been drawn into a system vastly larger and more powerful than their own society," writes James Howe in the book's forward. "If they are to survive as a people into the next century, they must reconcile the subsistence and market economies as well as protect the borers of their small enclave." The earth is the mother of all things, the Great Mother. She is the guardian who caringly watches over all that exists. She has burba and we live on her.

12. IMADR/Guatemala Project/Rodolfo Stavenhagen On Indigenous Peoples And Puebla-Pan . Rodolfo Stavenhagen on indigenous peoples and Pueblapanama Plan (PPP).. The debate on dams and indigenous peoples has wider implications http://www.imadr.org/project/guatemala/ppp.stavenhagen.html

Rodolfo Stavenhagen on Indigenous Peoples and Puebla-Panama Plan (PPP) The debate on dams and indigenous peoples has wider implications, as reflected in the discussions on the environment and sustainable development. The UN Conference on Environment and Development (1992) recognized that: "Indigenous people have a vital role in environmental management and development because of their knowledge and traditional practices. States should recognize and duly support their identity, culture and interests and enable their effective participation in the achievement of sustainable development." (Rio Principle 22) Ten years later, the World Summit on Sustainable Development took a small step further by reaffirming: " the vital role of the indigenous peoples in sustainable development." These statements must necessarily be taken into consideration seriously in the design, planning and execution of major development projects that affect the lives and livelihoods of indigenous peoples. These issues stand out clearly in the ambitious Puebla-Panama Plan (PPP) adopted by the governments of the Central American countries and Mexico in 2000, designed to modernize and integrate the region which shares a number of common features, including a high density of indigenous inhabitants and generally low levels of human development.

13. The World Bank - Indigenous Peoples Biological Corridor panamaRural Poverty and Natural Resources Project panama-SocialInvestment Fund Project Spanish indigenous peoples Development Plan http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/essd/essd.nsf/28354584d9d97c29852567cc00780e2a/529

14. The World Bank - Indigenous Peoples 87 1479, panama 7, panama Fax 507264-3044, Phone 507-223 of disadvantaged groups,such as the indigenous population, (indigenous peoples Development Plan (in http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/essd/essd.nsf/28354584d9d97c29852567cc00780e2a/642

15. Indigenous Peoples panama Mining Concessions and indigenous peoples in panama AuthorAtencio Lopez indigenous peoples in panama are being faced with http://www.itpcentre.org/legislation/english/panama2-eng.htm

HOME BACK Panama: Mining Concessions and Indigenous Peoples in Panama Author: Atencio Lopez These peoples have been considered enemies of development and isolationists from progress; nonetheless, it must be considered that: " We have never been against development(...) We agree that we must drive industry because the country needs it, but we cannot tolerate this country being hypocritical to the transnationals(..) During recent years, national authorities have tried to sway Panamanian public opinion about the benefits and the prosperity that the country will attain from foreign investment in mining. What they have not said is that these explorations and exploitations will mostly be made in indigenous territories. In March of 1996, the Commission of Indigenous Affairs of the Legislative Assembly of Panama cited the Minister of Business and Industry, Nitzia Villareal, who revealed that concessions and applications for concessions already existed in the Embera and Ngobe-Bugle Districts as well as in the Kuna Yala and Madungandi Districts. This encompasses dozens of thousands of hectares. This situation worsened when the Executive Branch vetoed the Bill on the Environment. On the other hand, the few laws that favor a consultation with Indigenous Peoples have been totally ignored. Such is the case of Law 1 of February 3rd, 1994 (Labor Legislation) that in its Article 44 establishes that:

16. Indigenous Peoples Sustainability and Development Trends in panama prepared by the Institute for theDevelopment of Kuna Yala/Kuna General Congress; indigenous peoples and Global http://www.itpcentre.org/env_index.htm

HOME CONTACT US What is Sustainable Development? For indigenous peoples, sustainable development constitutes an integrated wholeness, where no action is separate. Sustainable development includes the maintenance and continuity of life, from generation to generation, in which human beings do not travel by themselves through time; we travel in community with the seas, rivers, mountains, trees, fish, animals and our ancestral spirits. They accompany and drive us to the cosmos, the sun, the moon and the stars, which also constitute a whole. From our indigenous perspective, we cannot refer to sustainable development if it is not considered an integral, spiritual, cultural, economic, social, political, territorial and philosophical process. Contributions to National and International Processes / Johannesburg 2002 Report of the National Table of Indigenous Peoples in Costa Rica (Download in RTF - only available in Spanish) Andean Consultation for RIO +10 (Download in RTF - only available in Spanish) Indigenous Peoples participation in the National Council of Sustainable Development in Nicaragua Spanish) Assessment and Recommendations for a National Approach with Regard to the Situation of Indigenous Peoples in El Salvador Prepared by Manuel Vazquez, Salvadoran Institute for the Indigenous Ancestral Resurgence (RAIS) -

17. Protection Of Heritage Of Indigenous Peoples and final report containing the Principles and Guidelines for the Protection ofHeritage of indigenous peoples and to the Republic of panama legislation for http://www.usask.ca/nativelaw/hrip.html

Protection of Heritage of Indigenous Peoples T his site links to the preliminary and final report containing the Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Heritage of Indigenous Peoples and to the Republic of Panama legislation for ...registering the collective right of indigenous peoples, for the protection and defense of their cultural identity... Preliminary Report Protection of the heritage of indigenous people Preliminary report Mrs. Erica-Irene Daes, submitted this in conformity with Sub-Commission resolution 1993/44 and decision 1994/10 of the Commission on Human Rights. The United Nations reference to this document is: E/CN.4/Sub.2/1993/28 The site of the preliminary report is at: http://www.halcyon.com/pub/FWDP/International/94-13218.txt Final Report Protection of the heritage of indigenous people Final report of the Special Rapporteur, Mrs. Erica-Irene Daes, in conformity with Subcommission resolution 1993/44 and decision 1994/105 of the Commission on Human Rights. The United Nations reference to this document is: E/CN.4/Sub.2/1995/26

18. Indigenous Peoples Speak Out To Save Ancestral Lands Leaders from five Congresses* of the Kuna, Embera, Wounaan, Ngobe and Bugle indigenouspeoples in panama have announced that they would oppose any plan to http://abyayala.nativeweb.org/panama/indigenas.html

Indigenous Peoples Speak Out to Save Ancestral Lands Alicia Korten and Dialis Ehrman Leaders from five Congresses of the Kuna, Embera, Wounaan, Ngobe and Bugle indigenous peoples in Panama have announced that they would oppose any plan to build the Pan-American Highway through the Darien Gap in eastern Panama. The leadership was responding to growing pressure to complete the highway's Darien Gap link, which international business interests see as critical to facilitating trade between North and South America. The declaration was made in July of '95 at the third national meeting of the Indigenous Pan-American Highway Commission (IPAHC), a body that includes organizations representing more than 50,000 indigenous peoples in Panama. The meeting's primary goal was to draft an alternative development document that would take into account indigenous and environmental needs in the region Indigenous leaders hope to use this document to pressure the government and involved financial institutions to consider more sustainable and equitable land-use plans for the Darien Gap. Leaders unanimously agreed to reject construction of the Pan-American Highway, a railroad, or any other project crossing their lands until these lands have been legalized and demarcated. Indigenous people's fears regarding the highway's negative impacts were reinforced by catastrophic flooding last year that destroyed several Kuna communities situated near the Pan-American Highway, which stretches for roughly 160 kms into the Darien Province. "The night [the Chucunaque River rose] our children had to swim to stay alive, the water came up to the necks of the older people. All our fields and many of our houses were washed away. I have never seen such a flood in my lifetime," explained Horacio Lopez Turino, community leader of Wala. He and other residents believe that the flood was a consequence of unprecedented deforestation in the last two decades by loggers and cattle ranchers who have used the highway to gain access to the region's resources.

19. Press Release 3 Conference for indigenous peoples at the Gran Hotel Soloy in panama City has successfullybrought together about 150 indigenous peoples representatives from http://www.nciv.net/Millennium/persberichten/press_release_English3.htm

The Indigenous Peoples' Millennium Conference 7-11 May 2001, Panama City, Panama PRESS RELEASE (3) Opening ceremony of the Indigenous Peoples' Millennium Conference Panama City, 7 May 2001 The First Millennium Conference for Indigenous Peoples at the Gran Hotel Soloy in Panama City has successfully brought together about 150 Indigenous Peoples representatives from over 50 countries to deliberate on issues affecting their lives. This meeting underscores the ability of Indigenous Peoples to collectively seek support for, and successfully pursue their fundamental human rights outside of the United Nations' bureaucracy. In mid-April 1999, the United Nations and its member states declined to sponsor a mid-decade review of the Programme of Action for the UN Decade for the World's Indigenous Peoples. Such a review would have facilitated consultations between Indigenous representatives and the United Nations to gauge the progress that was made within the framework of this Decade. This would have served to map out a strategic plan to carry forward the agenda of Indigenous Peoples worldwide. However, rather than shelve the idea, an international Steering Committee of Indigenous Peoples together with the Netherlands Centre for Indigenous Peoples (NCIV) rallied indigenous leaders worldwide and garnered support from individual governments, funding agencies and NGOs and together sponsored this Indigenous Peoples Millenium Conference. This, entirely without the financial support of the United Nations, despite the fact that it was their Decade to review. One of the Steering Committee member organisations, Napguana, which is an Indigenous organisation from Panama, decided that it would host this important conference.

20. Press Release 2 indigenous peoples' Millennium Conference 7 to 11 May 2001, panama City, panama. Firstindigenous peoples Millennium Conference to take place in panama City. http://www.nciv.net/Millennium/persberichten/press_release_English2.htm

Indigenous Peoples' Millennium Conference 7 to 11 May 2001, Panama City, Panama Press Release (2) First Indigenous Peoples Millennium Conference to take place in Panama City Panama City, 4 May 2001 The first conference for Indigenous Peoples of the millennium will bring together Indigenous representatives from all parts of the globe to address issues of discrimination and racism against Indigenous Peoples. Important Indigenous representatives from all continents will attend this conference - from the Aborigines of Australia and Native Americans to the Pygmies of the African rainforest and the Inuit of the Arctic North. The Indigenous Peoples' Millenium Conference will take place at the Gran Hotel Soloy in Panama City from May 7-11, 2001. Indigenous Peoples are faced with serious forms of discrimination and racism in many parts of the world. The goal of this conference is for Indigenous Peoples to exchange experiences and develop common strategies in order to promote and protect their rights in light of the United Nations' Decade for the World's Indigenous People (1994-2004). It also sets out to influence the upcoming United Nation's World Conference on Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance. The Millennium Conference will hopefully bring about a new connection between Indigenous grassroots and international politics. The Indigenous representatives at the conference will evaluate the results -up to now- of the United Nations Decade for the World's Indigenous People and set the goals they want to reach before the end of this Decade, in 2004. This Decade was intended by the United Nations to strengthen international co-operation for the solution of problems faced by Indigenous Peoples in such areas as human rights, the environment, development, education and health. Up to now, this Decade has not produced strong results.

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