41. Egypt: The Ancient Egyptian Number System (Math), A Feature Tour Egypt Story The Ancient Egyptian number system By Caroline Seawright. In ancientEgypt mathematics was used for measuring time, straight lines http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/numbers.htm

The Ancient Egyptian Number System By Caroline Seawright In ancient Egypt mathematics was used for measuring time, straight lines, the level of the Nile floodings, calculating areas of land, counting money, working out taxes and cooking. Maths was even used in mythology - the Egyptians figured out the numbers of days in the year with their calendar . They were one of the ancient peoples who got it closest to the 'true year', though their mathematical skills. Maths was also used with fantastic results for building tombs, pyramids and other architectural marvels. A part of the largest surviving mathematical scroll, the Rhind Papyrus (written in hieratic script), asks questions about the geometry of triangles. It is, in essence, a mathematical text book. The surviving parts of the papyrus show how the Egyptian engineers calculated the proportions of pyramids as well as other structures. Originally, this papyrus was five meters long and thirty three centimeters high. It is again to the Nile Valley that we must look for evidence of the early influence on Greek mathematics. With respect to geometry, the commentators are unanimous: the mathematician-priests of the Nile Valley knew no peer. The geometry of Pythagoras, Eudoxus, Plato, and Euclid was learned in Nile Valley temples. Four mathematical papyri still survive, most importantly the Rhind mathematical papyrus dating to 1832 B.C. Not only do these papyri show that the priests had mastered all the processes of arithmetic, including a theory of number, but had developed formulas enabling them to find solutions of problems with one and two unknowns, along with "think of a number problems." With all of this plus the arithmetic and geometric progressions they discovered, it is evident that by 1832 B.C., algebra was in place in the Nile Valley.

42. Rational Number System 11.01 Rational number system. Number Concepts. Refresher pp 23. number systems.The real number system is made up of rational and irrational numbers. http://dev1.epsb.edmonton.ab.ca/math14_Jim/math9/strand1/1101.htm

Up Next Timeline Grade 9: The Learning Equation Math 11.01: Rational Number System Number Concepts Refresher pp 2-3 Prerequisite Skills Key Terms Learning Outcomes Review ... SeekAWord2ech.class Author Prerequisite Skills: Illustrate that all fractions and mixed numbers can be represented in decimal form. Convert from terminating decimals to fractions Key Terms natural numbers whole numbers integers rational numbers ... quotient Interactive Component Under Construction Learning Outcomes The student will: classify natural numbers, whole numbers, integers, and rational numbers Test your knowledge of number systems by completing the following 5-level game: Natural Numbers Whole Numbers Integers Rational Numbers Irrational Numbers Review Number Systems above if you need help. Good Luck!Good Luck! express an integer (...-3,-2,-2,0,1,2,3...) or decimal number (-3.5, -2.4, -1.6, 0.75, 5.2) as a fraction. Review This exercise substitutes the name for counting numbers for natural numbers . Test your understanding of whole, natural/

43. The Real Number System Langara College Department of Mathematics and Statistics Internet Resourcesfor the Calculus Student - Topics in Precalculus. The Real number system. http://www.langara.bc.ca/mathstats/resource/onWeb/precalculus/reals/

Langara College - Department of Mathematics and Statistics Internet Resources for the Calculus Student - Topics in Precalculus The Real Number System Most of the mathematics studied in high school and college has to do with the Real Numbers. This is not surprising as the Real Number System was basically invented to give us a way of describing and calculating with physical measurements such as length, time, temperature, etc. , so the Real Numbers are essential for most practical applications of mathematics. In addition to being comfortable with their algebraic properties, for calculus you will also need to understand how the reals can be represented graphically on a " Number Line " and to deal with the concepts of ordering and distance. Here are some other links that might help: What are the Real Numbers? Basic Properties Decimal Expansions Elementary Algebraic Operations and Absolute Value and Distance are all parts of the Exercises in Math Readiness site at the University of Saskatchewan. Most introductory calculus courses assume an intuitive understanding of the number system and do not go into a rigorous analysis or justification of its properties. But an important aspect of mathematics is the fact that its results are logically provable (from more "elementary" assumptions). Where not adressed in first year calculus, these issues are often introduced in an Introductory Analysis course at the second year level. (At Langara, that course is Math 373 , and there are several other sites with on-line

44. Radio Url Number System Radio url number system. Be careful .. notice that some replications of accountnumber lack leading zero. The system is designed for future growth. http://radio.weblogs.com/0107846/stories/2002/08/17/radioUrlNumberSystem.html

Al Macintyre's Radio Weblog Al's random interests while learning what can be done with Weblogging, and perhaps what ought to be done. Home Al Categories Al Essays Blog Links ... Organica Radio url number system Home Number Al's Radio home url is http://radio.weblogs.com/0107846/ The digits at the end are based on Al's account number with Userland. Be careful .. notice that some replications of account number lack leading zero. The system is designed for future growth. To subscribe to my stuff, via Radio News Aggregation, the url is http://radio.weblogs.com/0107846/ rss.xml When we are on our PC desk top, what we see is http://127.0.0.1:5335/ Let's be careful when we cut and paste stuff. We want the public address given out to the public. We want the desk top address for navigating internally. Stories Navigation Al's Radio home url is http://radio.weblogs.com/0107846/ In our Browser window add the word stories to the end of that. http://radio.weblogs.com/0107846/stories/ Going there gets us to a directory of stories that Al has added, in reverse date sequence, then we can click on any one of them. http://radio.weblogs.com/0107846/stories/2002/07/16/blogsWorthRevisiting.html

45. AMU CHMA NEWSLETTER #19 (12/27/97) Synopsis of a thesis by Jos© Barrios Garc­a in AMU CHMA Newsletter. http://www.math.buffalo.edu/mad/AMU/amu_chma_19.html

AMUCHMA-NEWSLETTER-19 Chairman: Paulus Gerdes (Mozambique) Secretary: Ahmed Djebbar (Algeria) Members: Kgomotso Garegae-Garekwe (Botswana), Maassouma Kazim (Egypt), Cornelio Abungu (Kenya), Ahmedou Haouba (Mauritania), Mohamed Aballagh (Morocco), Ruben Ayeni (Nigeria), Abdoulaye Kane (Senegal), David Mosimege (South Africa), Mohamed Souissi (Tunisia), David Mtwetwa (Zimbabwe) TABLE OF CONTENTS NEWSLETTER #19 Objectives of AMUCHMA Meetings, exhibitions, events Current research interests Theses ... back to AMUCHMA ONLINE 2. MEETINGS, EXHIBITIONS, EVENTS 2.1 Papers presented at recent meetings At the 1996 Oberwolfach Meeting on the History of Mathematics (Oberwolfach, Germany, November 3-9, 1996), Jan Hogendijk (Utrecht University, Netherlands) and Ahmed Djebbar (Algeria) presented the theme "Mathematics in the Medieval Islamic world" and Marcia Ascher (Ithaca, USA) gave a talk "Historical Studies on Ethnomathematics" during which she analysed mathematical aspects of divination in Madagascar. Her related paper "Malagasy Sikidy" will be published in "Historia Mathematica" (New York, USA). At the Winter University in Douze (Tunisia, December 24-30, 1996), Ahmed Djebbar (Algeria) presented the lecture "Astromic activities in Ifriqya during the Middle Ages";

46. Falling Number System Our products are Laboratory Mills, Falling number system, Glutomatic System, SingleKernel Characterization System 4100, Diode Array 7000 System, PerCon http://www.perten.com/product_range/falling_number_system/falling_number_system.

The internationally standardized method for determination of alpha-amylase activity. The Falling Number System measures the alpha-amylase enzyme activity in grain meal and flour to detect sprout damage, optimise flour enzyme activity and guarantee soundness of traded grain. ICC/No. 107/1, AACC/No. 56-81B, ISO/No. ISO/DIS 3093. The principle of the Falling Number method is to use the starch contained in the sample as a substrate. The starch is rapidly gelatinized when the test tube with the sample suspended in water is inserted in a boiling water bath. Subsequently the alpha-amylase enzyme in the sample starts to liquefy the starch and the speed of liquefaction is dependant on the alpha-amylase activity. A high activity gives a faster liquefaction, which results in a lower Falling Number result and vice versa.

47. Romulan Number System The Rihannsu number system. Note This and several other sections onRihannsu syntax and phonology were passed on to me anonymously. http://atrek.org/Dhivael/rihan/numbers.html

The Rihannsu Number System Note: This and several other sections on Rihannsu syntax and phonology were passed on to me anonymously. No plagiarism is intended, I just thought they were well worth putting up! If you are the original author, please contact me so I can give you credit. erh' part of (in fractions) irh point(in decimals) hwi one mnha forty kre two rha fifty sei three mnha'kre forty-two mne four rha'sei fifty-three rhi five khu one hundred fve six mnhu four hundred lli seven rhu five hundred the eight mnhu-mnha'kre four hundred forty-two lhi nine llu-tha nine hundred eighty dha ten sehu-fvha'lli three hundred sixty-seven dhei one thousand kre-dhei one million sei-dhei one billion the-dhei one septillion rhi-dhei one quadrillion The magnitude of the number is determined by the vowel sound at the end. Singular digit numbers end in 'e' or 'i'. (With the exception of Sei, and Dhei, which end in the same 'ei' sound and have very different magnitudes.) In general, Tens end in 'a' and hundreds in 'u'. This changes to 'ha' or 'hu' for numbers that end in an 'e' sound. (And Sei, which also takes a 'ha' or 'hu.') So: Kre - Krha - Krhu Sehi - Seha - Sehu Rhi - Rha - Rhu The - Thha - Thhu Fractions are written " denominator erh' numerator": Kre erh' Hwi One Third Mnhu-mnha'kre erh' Rha'sei Decimals are written as normal, but with a "errah" and then after, each numeral is pronounced seperately:

48. AlanHorvath.com | The Nashville Number System Alan's tutorial about the Nashville number system The Nashville NumberSystem is a very easy reference tool, created in Nashville http://alanhorvath.com/LSN5.html

Scoring Music by Numbers: Here's a neat little ditty you can easily slip into your bag of tricks. The Nashville Number System is a very easy reference tool, created in Nashville ... by some studio cats, no doubt. I imagine what occurred was the need to try a number of different keys on any given song, in any given session, became the Mother of Invention here. I could be way off on that, but that's the story I tell and I'm stickin' to it until someone informs me otherwise. Anyone who has studied the slightest amount of music theory, chord structures, and/or harmony, understands the numerical theory behind the Nashville System. For example, the "3rd" in a C chord is an E note; using the root (C) as the number one, and counting sequencially upwards ... C = 1, D = 2, and E = 3 ... we know that to play a "3rd over a C," means to play an E note. Naturally, the "3rd" in an E chord (E/1, F/2, G/3) is G# ... because, of course, a G in the E Major scale is always sharp - you knew that ... right? No matter you can just use my chart (below) and skip all that stuff. And so it goes with the Nashville Number System ... with a very slight twist: Instead of notes, we're talkin' chords - and the "root," or the "number 1" is whatever KEY the song happens to be in check it out:

49. Somerset Estate Sales - Number System - Professionally Conducted Estate Sales Si number system Somerset uses a number system to ensure that the sale isrun in an orderly fashion. Somerset will hang a roll of numbers http://www.somerset-estate-sales.com/generic.html?pid=3

50. Elias' Pi Page Includes Pi in the Binary number system, Pi as a sound file and Pi shown in different images. http://www.befria.nu/elias/pi/

Elias' Pi Page Read Pi Why is Pi always written in the decimal number system? It would be even more beautiful if it was written in the simplest of all number systems, the binary. Read through the 32768 first bits of binary Pi! Listen to Pi There is actually an infinite amount of information hidden in pi, so it must be possible to find any information in it if you just have enough time and computing power. For example, has anyone ever tried to let a computer treat the binary digits of pi as a piece of digitized sound? Maybe the voice of God is sampled into pi, or a piece of music, or just white noise. It would be disappointing to discover that pi is nothing more than just the ultimate white noise generator! Listen to the 65536 first bits of binary Pi! Look at Pi Pi is a totally theoretical object created in our minds - as are all numbers. Nobody has ever seen Pi, but it is possible to visualize it in different ways using computers. Look at the bits of binary Pi!

51. The Binary Number System The Binary number system. About Our Club. We have ten digits in our numbersystem 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9. Digit is a fancy word for a single number. http://schoolscience.rice.edu/duker/robots/binarynumber.html

An Introduction To Robots The Binary Number System About Our Club On-line Project Partner Schools Our Student Projects Curriculum Links Introduction To Robots Working With Robots History of Robots Sensing the Real World The basic parts of a computer are the central processing unit (CPU), memory, a keyboard or other input device and a screen or other output device. sounds simple, doesn't it? But how does the computer know how to add and subract, and how can its memory remember the answers it computes? We know that the computer doesn't have a real brain inside. It fact, it is made up mostly of plastic, metal and silicon. Yet, a computer acts in many ways as though it does have a real brain. To find the answer, we must take a close look at how we understand numbers. We have ten digits in our number system: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9. Digit is a fancy word for a single number. It's interesting that digit also means a finger or toe. A number system based on ten is called a decimal system. The binary system works in exactly the same way, except that its place value is based on the number two. In the binary system, we have the one's place, the two's place, the four's place, the eight's place, the sixteen's place, and so on. Each place in the number represents two times (2X's) the place to its right.

52. SatchLCall - Library Of Congress Call Number System Tutorial The main homepage for SatchLCall, aLibrary of Congress Call NumberSystem tutorial with an interactive drag and drop quiz. http://www.pitt.edu/~ford29/SatchLCall/

Home Linking To It Downloading It Customizing It Known Bugs ... What's Next? SatchLCall - Library of Congress Call Number System Tutorial SatchLCall Update - Augst 23, 2001 The new version of SatchLCall is up and running. This new release combines the quiz and the slide show into a single Java applet, as opposed to the old version, which used a separate HTML-based slide show to precede the quiz. Both the Linking and Downloading options have been updated to the new version. Filenames for the linking pages have remained the same, so anyone linking to the old versions will now have seemless links to the new one. What is SatchLCall? satchel A small bag; esp. a bag for carrying schoolbooks... SatchLCall (pronounced "satchel call") is a tutorial that explains shelving according to the Library of Congress Call Number System. It consists of a slide show, followed by a Java applet that allows patrons to drag and drop books onto a virtual bookshelf to test how well they learned the system. It is designed to teach shelving skills. It does not attempt to cover the rules, meanings, and methods of the LC Classification System. SatchLCall has two "flavors:" basic and complete.

53. SatchLCall - Library Of Congress Call Number System Tutorial: Linking To It Information on linking to SatchLCall, a Library of Congress Call NumberSystem tutorial with an interactive drag and drop quiz. http://www.pitt.edu/~ford29/SatchLCall/linking.html

Home Linking To It Downloading It Customizing It Known Bugs Feedback ... What's Next? SatchLCall - Library of Congress Call Number System Tutorial Linking to SatchLCall If you wish to use SatchLCall at your institution, the preferred method is to link directly to the versions below: SatchLCall Basic (slide show and quiz) SatchLCall Complete (slide show and quiz) If already have your own slide show or other tutorial, and only wish to link to the drag and drop Java quiz applet, the links would be: SatchLCall Basic (quiz only) SatchLCall Complete (quiz only) As new features are developed, they will be automatically incorporated into these pages, eliminating the need for you to download and install new files for each update. It is not anticipated that SatchLCall will generate huge amounts of traffic, but if it does, the linking-to-as-preferred-method policy may change. In the meantime, if you would rather mount SatchLCall locally in order to change color schemes, avoid broken links, stick with an older version and not have updates forced upon you, etc., see the Downloading and Customizing pages.

54. 2.4. The Real Number System 2.4. The Real number system. IRA. We therefore need to expand our number system tocontain numbers which do provide a solution to equations such as the above. http://www.shu.edu/projects/reals/infinity/reals.html

2.4. The Real Number System IRA In the previous chapter we have defined the integers and rational numbers based on the natural numbers and equivalence relations. We have also used the real numbers as our prime example of an uncountable set. In this section we will actually define - mathematically correct - the 'real numbers' and establish their most important properties. There are actually several convenient ways to define R . Two possible methods of construction are: Construction of R via Dedekind’s cuts Construction of R classes via equivalence of Cauchy sequences . Right now, however, it will be more important to describe those properties of R that we will need for the remainder of this class. The first question is: why do we need the real numbers ? Aren’t the rationals good enough ? Theorem 2.4.1: No Square Roots in Q There is no rational number x such that x = x * x = 2 Proof Thus, we see that even simple equations have no solution if all we knew were rational numbers. We therefore need to expand our number system to contain numbers which do provide a solution to equations such as the above. There is another reason for preferring real over rational numbers: Informally speaking, while the rational numbers are all 'over the place', they contain plenty of holes (namely the irrationals). The real numbers, on the other hand, contain no holes. A little bit more formal, we could say that the rational numbers are not closed under the limit operations, while the real numbers are. More formally speaking, we need some definitions.

55. APPENDIX P: POSITION CLASSIFICATION NUMBER SYSTEM APPENDIX P POSITION CLASSIFICATION number system. Return to Table of ContentsReturn to Human Resources Homepage. I. Position Classification number system. http://www.jhu.edu/~hr1/pol-man/appdxp.htm

Johns Hopkins University Human Resources Employee Relations APPENDIX P: POSITION CLASSIFICATION NUMBER SYSTEM Return to Table of Contents Return to Human Resources Homepage I. Position Classification Number System Three digits are employed as follows: First Digit - General Level, e.g., Faculty Second Digit - Specific Level, e.g., Assistant Director Third Digit - Employment Status, e.g., Full-time FIRST AND SECOND DIGITS: 1 Faculty 10 Peabody Faculty 11 Professor 12 Associate Professor 13 Assistant Professor 14 Instructor 15 Assistant 16 Lecturer and Mellon Scholar 17 Senior Postdoctoral Appointee, Research Associate, Senior Fellow (Faculty appointments only) 18 Associate, Adjunct Professor, Adjunct Research Professor, Clinical Associate 19 Visiting Faculty (any rank) 2 Administrative Officers Officers of the Corporation and Deans 3 Senior Staff 30 M.D./Ph.D. Community Clinician 31 Senior Executive Management and Administrative Staff 32 Senior Library Staff 33 Senior Editor and Writer 34 Senior Technical Staff 35 Senior Life or Social Scientist 36 Senior Research Staff (Appointed), Clinical Associates

56. An Alternate Number System An Alternate number system. In November 1994, I developed a positional numbersystem that I called the Alternate number system (ANS for short). http://www.tbaytel.net/~forslund/ans.html

An Alternate Number System In November 1994, I developed a positional number system that I called the Alternate Number System (ANS for short). Shortly after its publication in December 1995, I was informed that the system had already been studied by authors such as Salomaa with respect to formal languages. However, I feel that my approach is a simplified view that can be understood at a much more elementary level. So these pages examine ANS from a simplistic viewpoint. ANS is a system that is more logical than the Existing Number System (ENS for short). I say this because of the following three flaws in ENS. (1) In ENS, the digit zero behaves differently from other digits. For example, when any two digits (except zero) are added in ENS, the result differs from the original two numbers. When zero, on the other hand, is added to any number, the result is the original number - nothing happens. (2) In ENS, base 1 is invalid. (3) In ENS, multidigit numbers such as 12300 "lose" digits when the digits are reversed and become 321 in the example. Welcome to ANS in which the digit zero disappears and therefore all digits behave the same. So digit reversals work for all numbers. And

57. A Logical Alternative To The Existing Positional Number System A Logical Alternative to the Existing Positional number system. Thisarticle introduces an alternative positional number system. http://www.tbaytel.net/~forslund/rrf01.html

A Logical Alternative to the Existing Positional Number System <= a(j) 1, and the SUM is over j with <= j <= a(j) Return to the previous page Last Modified Sep.10 2001

58. Study Number System Study number system. Topics studied by the Commission are categorized and filedusing the following letter system, which has been used for nearly 20 years. http://www.clrc.ca.gov/studynumbers.html

dqmcodebase = "" //script folder location California Law Revision Commission Last revised Friday, November 1, 2002, 12:00 PM Study Number System Topics studied by the Commission are categorized and filed using the following letter system, which has been used for nearly 20 years. The study number appears in the upper left corner of memoranda. Minutes of Commission meetings are organized in the order of study numbers for ease of reference. These numbers are used in the Commission's filing system and thus include many items that have been completed or that may not be studied or result in a recommendation to the Legislature. For the status of currently active studies, see Project Status A - Arbitration B - Business Law C - Contracts Law D - Debtor-Creditor Relations E - Environmental Law Em - Eminent Domain F - Family and Juvenile Law G - Governmental Liability H - Property J - Judiciary and Civil Procedure K - Evidence L - Estate Planning, Probate, and Trusts M - Criminal Law N - Administrative Law U - Uniform Acts Generally For related information on memoranda, see the online Memorandum Catalog files. If you know a specific study number, you can search the Memorandum Catalog for staff memoranda on that subject.

59. ThinkQuest Library Of Entries The Mayan number system. The Mayans had a number system consisting of shells,dots, and lines. You could write up to nineteen with just these symbols. http://library.thinkquest.org/J0112511/mayan_number.htm

Welcome to the ThinkQuest Junior of Entries The web site you have requested, The Mayans , is one of over 4000 student created entries in our Library. Before using our Library, please be sure that you have read and agreed to our To learn more about ThinkQuest. You can browse other ThinkQuest Library Entries To proceed to The Mayans click here Back to the Previous Page The Site you have Requested ... The Mayans click here to view this site A ThinkQuest Junior 2001 Entry Click image for the Site Site Desciption Our entry is about the Mayan Civilization. We included information on Mayan history, the geography of where they were from, their religion, calendar, and the number system. We also included other topics like the ball game, how they looked, Mayan life, why they disappeared, and a word search.

60. ThinkQuest Library Of Entries Real number system. Arithmetic Operations. Multiplication and Division. The multiplicationof two real numbers is similar to the concept of repeated addition . http://library.thinkquest.org/10030/2multipl.htm

Welcome to the ThinkQuest Internet Challenge of Entries The web site you have requested, Seeing is Believing , is one of over 4000 student created entries in our Library. Before using our Library, please be sure that you have read and agreed to our To learn more about ThinkQuest. You can browse other ThinkQuest Library Entries To proceed to Seeing is Believing click here Back to the Previous Page The Site you have Requested ... Seeing is Believing click here to view this site A ThinkQuest Internet Challenge 1997 Entry Click image for the Site Languages : Site Desciption Need a primer on math, science, technology, education, or art, or just looking for a new Internet search engine? This catch-all site covers them all. Maybe you're doing your homework and need to quickly look up a basic term? Here you'll find a brief yet concise reference source for all these topics. And if you're still not sure what's here, use the search feature to scan the entire site for your topic. Students Peter Oakhill College, Castle Hill Australia Suranthe H Oakhill College Australia Coaches Tina Oakhill College, Castle Hill

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