61. MOGOLIA HISTORY A BRIEF history OF mongolia mongolia's history is extremely long; itspans over 5,000. The Mongols has little inclination to ally http://tps.dpi.state.nc.us/connectasia/mongolia/mogolia_history.htm

A BRIEF HISTORY OF MONGOLIA Mongolia's history is extremely long; it spans over 5,000. "The Mongols has little inclination to ally with other nomadic peoples of northern Asia and, until the end of the 12th century, the Mongols were little more than a loose confederation of rival clans, It was in the late 12th century that a 20-year-old Mongol named Temujin emerged and managed to unite most of the Mongol tribes. In 1189 he was given the honorary name of Genghis Khan, meaning 'universal king'. No Mongolian leader before or since has united the Mongolians so effectively." China controlled Mongolia from the year 1691 to 1911. Thanks to the fall of the Manchu dynasty that controlled stopped. A group of Mongol princes "proclaimed" the living Buddha of Urga to be ruler. "Mongolians have always taken wholeheartedly to Tibetan Buddhism and the links between Mongolia and Tibet are old and deep." In 1921 there were 110,000 lamas or monks in Mongolia living in 700 monasteries. In the 1930s thousands of monks were arrested. Some believed that by the year 1939 3% of Mongolia's population, at the time, was executed or out of 27,000; 17,000 were monks. In the year 1990 the freedom of religion returned. Since then a revival of Buddhism and other religions has occurred. Mongolia won its independence in 1911. In 1921 the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party government started. "When the last living Buddha died in 1924( "with the rise of Tibetan Buddhism in the 16th century, a living Buddha would be named"), the Mongolian People's Republic was established." It took 22 years for China to recognize this. All subsequent Monolian texts were written in script until Stalin forcibly replaced it with Russian Cyrillic in the 1940s. The text was written in scripts named SECRET HISTORY scripts. Since 1944 the Russian Cyrillic alphabet has been used to write Mongolian.

62. History Voice Of Mongolia the Voice Of mongolia broadcasts programmes which aim to tell the world as muchas possible about mongolia and the mongolians, their history, traditions and http://www.mongol.net/vom/history.htm

63. HISTORY - MINISTRY OF INFRASTRUCTURE,MONGOLIA Education 1984 Bachelor of Arts degree, Moscow State University, USSR Masterdegree, State University mongolia. Ministry of Infrastructure, mongolia. http://gate1.pmis.gov.mn/mid/history_e.htm

64. BUBL LINK: 951 History Of China, Mongolia And Taiwan 951 ResourceType documents Location usa Library of Congress Country Studies mongoliaDetailed handbook describing the history of mongolia and analysing its http://link.bubl.ac.uk/ISC12738

BUBL LINK Catalogue of selected Internet resources Home Search Subject Menus A-Z ... About 951 History of China, Mongolia and Taiwan Titles Descriptions Chinese History Chinese History Timeline History of China Library of Congress Country Studies: China ... Library of Congress Country Studies: Mongolia All links checked August 2001 Comments: bubl@bubl.ac.uk Chinese History Browsable and searchable timeline of events in the history of China from 500,000 BC to the present. Lists the kings who reigned and describes local and worldwide events which occurred during each dynasty. Author: Yutopian Enterprises Subjects: chinese history DeweyClass: ResourceType: documents Location: usa Chinese History Timeline Timeline of Chinese dynasties with links to lists of emperors. Author: Leon Poon Subjects: chinese history DeweyClass: ResourceType: document Location: usa History of China Brief summaries of periods in Chinese history. Author: Leon Poon Subjects: chinese history DeweyClass: ResourceType: document Location: usa Library of Congress Country Studies: China Detailed handbook describing the history of China and analysing its political, economic, social, and national security systems and institutions, the interrelationships of those systems and the ways they are shaped by cultural factors. Particular attention is given to the people who make up the society, their origins, dominant beliefs and values, common interests and the issues on which they are divided, and their attitudes toward each other and toward their social system and political order.

65. Mongolia Today - Online Magazine | Rebel Monk Despite the fact that Bogd Khaan played a crucial role in the history of Mongoliaof 20 century century very little is known about him as a person. http://www.mongoliatoday.com/issue/6/bogd_khaan.html

online magazine, issue no.6 BOGDO KHAAN, the Rebel Monk Only recently the truth about the life and deeds of Bogd Khaan, the head of the Lamaist religion and the last Khaan of Mongols emerges. For decades the communist powers badmouthed and distorted his image portraying him as an old debauchee, half blind syphilitic and the opressor of people. But in reality he was the key figure behind the declaration of independence of Mongolia after 200 years of Chinise rule. For his quest of the country's independence he was named the Rebellious Priest. It was him who ordered in 1911 to arrest the Peking appointed governor and defeated the Chinese harrison taking Manchu rulers by surprise. A man of letters, fond of life pleasures, Bogdo Khaan (1870-1924) braved the might of Chinese rulers to declare independence. While Beijing remained shocked by such a impudence from usually meek Mongols, and the bureaucratic machine was slowly eschewing the news, Bogd Khaan liberated the country and announced himself khaan of Mongolia. The ceremony of elevating him to the throne took place in December of 1911 and turned into a nation wide celebration, marking the end of the Chinese rule. Thankful Mongols granted the title of All Elevated Khaan to 42-year-old Tibetan and presented him 99 white mares and 99 white she camels according to traditions of Chinggis Khaan times.

66. Mongolia Today - Online Magazine | HISTORY Burkhan Khalduun a mountain range in north east of mongolia, where Chinggis Khaanwas valley of Khaans where one of the greatest warriors in history is buried http://www.mongoliatoday.com/issue/2/tomb_mistery.html

online magazine, issue no.2 IN SEARCH OF CHINGGIS KHAAN The spirit of Chinggis Khaan still haunts scholars and adventurers from all over the world. While his birthplace is known to be in eastern Mongolia (in the Dadal locality of Khentii province), the mystery of his exact burial site is unsolved. A monument raised on the 800 anniversary of Chinggis Khaan's birth in his native land of Khentii Mountains. Legend says vast treasures were brought from all corners of his vast empire and he was buried in the Great Emperor's tomb according to nomadic chieftain tradition, along with his horse and weapons. With the fall of the Iron Curtain and break-up of the former Soviet Union in the early 1990s, Mongolia opened up, and efforts to find the tomb and solve the mystery were revived. It is known that Chinggis Khaan, died aged 72 on 18 August 1227 as a result of a sudden illness, while on a military raid to the Tangut state in China. At the time he was ruler of an empire stretching from the Adriatic to the Yellow Sea. However, few clues are available about the location of his grave as such ceremonies were held in great secrecy.

67. FIFTA, Mongolia of Manchu rule is remembered as a degrading period in the mongolian history. Chineseand Russian warlords made several attempts to gain control over mongolia. http://www.investmongolia.com/m3.htm

Home About Mongolia: Country Information Basic data People and language History and culture Government Economic Overview Macroeconomic Foreign trade Privatization Labor and Employment ... Banking system Industry Information Infrastructure Banking and Finance Tourism Information Technology ... Transportation Visiting the country Visa Transportation Hotel and Restaurant Accommodation Man first inhabited the territory of the present-day Mongolia in 500th millennium BC. Archaeologists have identified a distinct Mongolian people as early as the second millennium BC. Several states of the Mongolian tribes such as Hunnu, Jujan, Turkic, Uigur, Kidan succeeded each other before the 12th century A.D. In 1206 the warring nomadic tribes were unified by Chinggis Khan and armed with a swift and powerful cavalry he embarked on military campaigns across Asia, Russia and Eastern Europe. In one and a half centuries that followed, Mongolians built up one of the largest empires known in the world. Before his death in 1227 Chinggis Khan divided the empire into four kingdoms to be ruled by his sons and grandsons. They extended the territory of the empire conquering almost the whole Eurasian Continent from Southeast Asia to the Central Europe.

68. Mongolia Travel: Mongolia Tour, Mongolia Travel Agency Season June to October. Destination mongolia. Activity history Tours, CulturalExpeditions, Nature Trips. Duration 8 days. Price $770 and above. 15. mongolia. http://www.biztravel.com/TRAVEL/SIT/sit_pages/Mongolia.html

Home Categories Active Adventure Affinity Family Hobby ... Sports Destination Africa Asia Australia Caribbean ... South America Unique Stays Castle Hotel Eco Lodge Resorts Diving Mongolia Travel Make your own tour to China, Tibet or Mongolia! Season: January to December Destination: China Mongolia Tibet Activity: Art History Archeology/History Cultural Expeditions Duration: 10 days Price: $1995 and above the Great China-Mongolia Tour (Tibet extension) Season: May to September Destination: Tibet China Mongolia Activity: Archeology/History Art/Architecture Cultural Expeditions Duration: 18 days Price: $3825 and above Tibet - China - Mongolia Season: June to July Destination: China Mongolia Tibet Activity: Cultural Expeditions History Tours Archeology/History Duration: 19 days Price: $3925 and above Great Wonders of Tibet and China tour Season: June to September Destination: China Mongolia Activity: Anthropology Archeology/History Cultural Expeditions Duration: 13 days Price: $3340 and above The Wonders of Beijing and Mongolia Season: July to July Destination: China Mongolia Activity: Cultural Expeditions Archeology/History Art/Architecture Duration: 13 days Price: $2450 and above Season: June to July Destination: China Mongolia Tokelau Activity: Cultural Expeditions Archeology/History Art/Architecture Duration: 19 days Price: $4160 and above The Grand Mongolian Tour (via Beijing) Season: January to December Destination: Mongolia China Mongolia Activity: Cultural Expeditions Archeology/History Nature Trips Duration: 15 days Price: $3850 and above Yangtze River, Trans-Mongolian Railway and Mongolia Tour

69. Danish Audio History: Haslund-Christensen In Mongolia To index, The Danish explorer Henning HaslundChristensen (1896-1948)made five expeditions to Asia where he collected sound recordings http://www.sb.aau.dk/dlh/haslun_e/haslund.html

The Danish explorer Henning Haslund-Christensen (1896-1948) made five expeditions to Asia where he collected sound recordings of Mongolian folk singing and musical instruments, among other things. Haslund-Christensen's expeditions Music recordings Musical instruments Historical routes to Mongolia ... List of sources Reports from all the expeditions' music collections and a comparative study are at present in preparation by the author of these pages: Annette Erler The National Museum of Denmark/Dept. of Ethnography Frederiksholms Kanal 12 DK-1220 Copenhagen K tel. 33 47 32 14 fax 33 47 33 20 e-mail annette.erler@natmus.dk Annette Erler The National Museum of Denmark State and University Library Danish Audio History

70. Asia, MONGOLIA Maps And Atlases From East View Cartographic, Leader In Transitio Geographical Synopsis, history Of Cartography, history Of Cartography, Human Geography, Topography,Transport Geography, Asia, mongolia Maps and Atlases, mongolia http://www.cartographic.com/xq/ASP/AreaID.6/RegionID.180/ClassID.5200/asia/mongo

home about east view standing orders service specials: Ukrainian maps ... site map Search GIS / Map Librarian Position shopping cart my account Browse Regions Browse Types Topographic Maps Nautical Charts ... Transport Geography MONGOLIA East View Cartographic has an impressive collection of topographic maps covering Asia. Afghanistan, India, Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia are examples of a few countries in which EVC offers coverage at large-scales and also some national topographic mapping alternatives. EVC can offer georeferenced topographic maps to the customer's requirements. what's new samples specials: Ukrainian maps contact us ... publications

71. Introduction The "Modern Mongolia A Concise History" Russia and China, but they are not sure that mongolia is an independent country.1To understand the reason of such a question, we go back to a history not so http://www.geocities.com/mongolsec/book_introduction.html

Home page Modern Mongolia INTRODUCTION Mongolia is a landlocked country sandwiched between Russia and China. Its territory is about the same size as Alaska. Mongolia has several mountain ranges, the highest being the Altai mountains, located in the far west. Much of southern and eastern Mongolia is occupied by a vast plain or grassland. The so-called Gobi region, Mongolia's semi-desert, lies in the south. It can go years without rain, but surprisingly it also has oases. Rivers are mainly in the north. The important Selenge river drains into Lake Baikal in Russia. Mongolia has an extreme continental climate with long, cold winters and short, hot summers. Annual precipitation is usually less than 15 inches per year in the wettest areas. Mongolia is called the "Land of the Blue Sky" because it averages 257 cloudless days a year. On the other hand, Japanese call Mongolia "Sogen-no Kuni", which means the "Country of Grasslands". It is also true. Less than one percent of the land is arable, 8-10 percent is forested, and the rest is pasture including semi-desert. Mongols have nothing in common with the Chinese. Not only is their language totally unrelated, but also their way of life is completely different. Mongolia's population is quite homogeneous. Over 90 percent of the population is made up of subgroups of the Mongol nationality, the largest being the Khalkha (70 percent of the total). They are mostly concentrated in the central and eastern areas of the country. Distinctions between the Khalkhas and other Mongols (including Buryads, Dorwods, Oolds, Bayads, Dzakhchins, Uriankhais, Uzemchins, and Bargas) are minor. The largest non-Mongol ethnic group is the Kazakhs (5.9 percent). They are pastoral, Turkic speaking Muslim people who live in extreme western Mongolia.

72. Plate-Tectonic History Of Mongolia mongoliaN PLATE TECTONIC history, CARBONIFEROUS PERMIAN 1. C-Tr collisions produceand deform foreland basins. 1991-2002 Petroleum Authority of mongolia. http://www.pam.mn/tectonic_history.htm

western basin southern basin east gobi basin central basin ... contact us MONGOLIAN PLATE TECTONIC HISTORY CARBONIFEROUS - PERMIAN 1. C-Tr collisions produce and deform foreland basins. (section as young as J2 heavily deformed) 2. Collisions N to S with widespread volcanic activity. 3. Sequences show transition from marine to non-marine (i.e. shoaling and emergence) coupled with more localized depocentres. LATE CRETACEOUS (K2) 1. Continental rift sedimentation - alluvial and lacustrine sequences. 2. Rift distribution governed by basement structure and earlier structures. 3. Localized volcanism LATE JURASSIC - EARLY CRETACEOUS (J3-K1) 1.Mid Cretaceous thrusting and inversion. 2. "Post-Rift?" subsidence and passive infill of depocentres. 3. K2 alluvial and aeolian clastic veneer in Gobi-Tamsag TERTIARY - RECENT 1. Tertiary thrusting and local transtension 2. Neogene - Quaternary plateau basalt extrusion. 3. Widespread erosion local red-bed deposition.

73. Visit Mongolia - Photo Gallery - History history. The opening ceremony Kikutake Yuji. A statue of Natsagdorj, thegreatest literary in Mongolian history (79k) photo Kikutake Yuji. A http://www.visitmongolia.com/gallery_history.htm

history The opening ceremony of the Naadam Festival -1 (122k) photo Kikutake Yuji The opening ceremony of the Naadam Festival -2 (97k) photo Kikutake Yuji One of the three competitions of the Naadam Festival, Wrestling (98k) photo Kikutake Yuji One of the three competitions of the Naadam Festival, Archery (81k) photo Kikutake Yuji One of the three competitions of the Naadam Festival, Racing (62k) photo Kikutake Yuji A statue of Sukhbaatar, the hero of independence (77k) photo Kikutake Yuji A statue of Natsagdorj, the greatest literary in Mongolian history (79k) photo Kikutake Yuji A statue of Lenin in front of the Ulaanbaatar Hotel (82k) photo Kikutake Yuji The Bogd Khan Palace Museum -1 (161k) photo Kikutake Yuji The Bogd Khan Palace Museum -2 (103k) photo Kikutake Yuji A stone sculpture picture in which ancient animals in the Stone Age were drawn (113k) photo Kikutake Yuji The remains of the ancient Turkish people (111k) photo Kikutake Yuji

74. History / Asia / Mongolia 14. The Modern history of mongolia by AR Bawden, Charles R. Bawden. RoutledgePaperback 476 pages 2 edition (January 1989) Click here for more info, http://hallasianhistory.com/asia/21.shtml

Home History Books Asia Mongolia A History of Russia, Central Asia and Mongolia : Inner Eurasia from Prehistory to the Mongol Empire (History of the World , Vol 1) by David Christian Blackwell Pub Paperback - 464 pages Vol 1 (January 1999) Click here for more info The publisher, dwill@blackwellpub.com , December 17, 1998 Blackwell Publishers This history of Russia, Central Asia and Mongolia spans from the time of the first inhabitants of the region up to the time of the Mongol Empire in the 13th century. It presents Inner Eurasia as a coherent region with an underlying unity in geography and history despite its cultural and ecological... Read more Travels in Northern Mongolia by Don Croner Polar Star Publications Paperback - 193 pages (February 20, 1999) Click here for more info Book Description Describes travels in Northern Mongolia, including a search for the source of the Yenisei-Angara-Selenga River system, the fifth longest river system in the world, visits to places connected with the life of Zanabazar, the first Bogdo Gegen of Mongolia, and a horseback trip to the upper Onon Valley,... Read more Women of Mongolia by Martha Avery Avery Pr Paperback (September 1996) Click here for more info A reader from Seattle , March 19, 1999

75. History Of Mining In Mongolia Primary Mineral Occurrences in mongolia. Gold (Au). Base Metals (Cu, Mo, Pb, Zn). MajorMineral Deposits of mongolia. 1. Copper Deposits. 2. Lead and Zinc Deposits. http://www.mram.mn/History.htm

Primary Mineral Occurrences in Mongolia Gold (Au) Base Metals (Cu, Mo, Pb, Zn) Fluorite Rare-Earth Elements (Ta, Nb, Zr, W, Y, Sn) ... BACK TO TOP OF PAGE Gold (Au) Gold mineralization on Mongolian territory has occurred with varying intensity during the late Precambrian, early Cambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic time periods. However the most significant gold mineralization is associated with magnetic activity during Permian, Triassic, and Jurassic time periods. Placer gold deposits were formed during the Cretaceous, Neogene, Pliocene, and Holocene time periods. The known economically significant gold mineralizations in Mongolia occur in 3 deposit types: veins, mineralized zones, and placers. Although vein occurrences are the most widespread all gold deposit types, the bulk of proven recoverable gold reserves are associated with mineralized zones and placer deposits. On the basis of geological data ten main gold metallogenic provinces have been delineated within Mongolia. However true gold potential of the western and southern regions of Mongolia is largely conjectural due to the fact that to date little detailed geological exploration has been conducted in these regions. Emphasis of geological exploration in these areas has only focussed on placer deposits and quartz vein mineralization. Nevertheless, the number of occurrences determined based on limited data clearly suggests a high gold potential overall for the region. Additionally, available geologic data indicate that as yet undiscovered occurrences gold will likely be found in the following geological formations:

76. Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia FACTS and history of ULAANBAATAR. Ulaanbaatar, the Capital of mongolia, was foundedin 1649 and is the political, cultural, industrial, and transportation http://130.253.64.10/dsci/ulaanbaatar/history.htm

Ulaanbaatar Mongolia Welcome to Sister Cities City Page History Gallery FACTS and HISTORY of ULAANBAATAR Ulaanbaatar, the Capital of Mongolia, was founded in 1649 and is the political, cultural, industrial, and transportation center of the country. It is connected by highways to all the major towns in Mongolia and by rail to the Trans-Siberian and Chinese railroad systems. It is located in a valley at an elevation of about 1310 m (about 4300 ft) and is surrounded by mountains in north central Mongolia. Its population is 668,800 and it is the largest city in Mongolia with 25% of the country's population. Major manufacturers in Ulaanbaatar include construction materials, footwear, clothing, leather goods, machine tools, dairy products, pharmaceuticals, and porcelain. The State Public Library, several museums, and the Monastery of the Living Buddha, the residence of the nation's former spiritual leader, now a museum, are located in the national capital. The National Theater, Mongolian State University (founded 1942) and the Mongolian Academy of Sciences are also located in Ulaanbaatar. Ulaanbaatar has Sister City type relationships with other cities.

77. UNESCO Collection Of History Of Civilizations Of Central Asia : Online Chapter Dani. Sculptures of the Türks of Kazakhstan and mongolia. The ancestors.Sculptures of this sort are also found in mongolia. For http://www.unesco.org/culture/asia/html_eng/chapitre4216/chapitre11.htm

description of project International Scientific Committee authors online chapiter references and bibliography photo gallery The age of achievement A.D. 750 to the end of the fifteenth century Part Two: The achievements Editors C.E. Bosworth Chapter 16 Arts and crafts Part One Arts and crafts in Tansoxania and Khurasan A. A. Hakimov Part Two Turkic and Mongol art E. Novgorodova Part Three Hindu and Buddhist arts and crafts: tiles, ceramics and pottery A. H. Dani Sculptures of the Türks of Kazakhstan and Mongolia The sculptures on the high plateaux of Kazakhstan are distinguished, in particular, by the fact that they depict women. Clearly, this is an example of the cult of the primogenitrix known among the Turkic peoples as Umai baba s, which date from the twelfth century and are associated with the progress of the Kïpchak from Central Asia to the steppes of southern and eastern Europe. Transformed in time and space, the rites and cults of the ancient Türks underwent great changes, but the central idea remained the same, as expressed in rites, in the principle of sacrifice and in the erection of idols in honour of ancestors. Sculptures of this sort are also found in Mongolia. For example, stone images of people wearing neither belt nor weapon and sometimes wearing tall headgear are found on the monument to Unget. The rite of ancestor remembrance, described by William of Rubruck on the basis of his observation of the Polovtsians, explains the purpose of the Kïpchak/Cuman sacrificial altar:

78. UNESCO Collection Of History Of Civilizations Of Central Asia : Online Chapter Towns in mongolia. Towns appeared very early in mongolia. In the T’angperiod, the Uighur Kaghanate built its capital of Ordu Balïk http://www.unesco.org/culture/asia/html_eng/chapitre4218/chapitre9.htm

description of project International Scientific Committee authors online chapiter references and bibliography photo gallery The age of achievement A.D. 750 to the end of the fifteenth century Part Two: The achievements Editor C.E. Bosworth URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND ARCHITECTURE G. A. Pugachenkova, A. H. Dani and Liu Yingsheng Part One TRANSOXANIA AND KHURASAN G. A. Pugachenkova Part Two SOUTHERN CENTRAL ASIA A. H. Dani Part Three EASTERN CENTRAL ASIA Liu Yingsheng The arrival of the Arabs The Mongol conquests and their aftermath ... The Turfan region Towns in Mongolia Conclusion Towns in Mongolia KARAKORUM Karakorum was situated outside the main urban settlement of the Inner Khanghai province of Mongolia, i.e. the town of Khar Khorin. This place had been the summer pasture of the Kerait (Kereyit) tribe and there had been a Buddhist temple in the Liao period. In the time of Chinggis Khan (d. 1227), an ordu (military camp) was established near Karakorum, inhabited by his womenfolk. At that time, there were thousands of

79. Mongolia, Country, Asia: Modern History encyclopediaEncyclopedia—mongolia, country, Asia Modern history. Forthe early history of mongolia, see Mongols. The area was under http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/world/A0859739.html

Encyclopedia Mongolia, country, Asia Modern History For the early history of Mongolia, see Mongols . The area was under Chinese control from 1691 until the collapse of the Manchu dynasty in China in 1911, when a group of Mongol princes ousted the Manchu governor and proclaimed an autonomous Mongolia with Jebtsun Damba Khutukhtu (the Living Buddha of Urga) as ruler. The new state was reoccupied by the Chinese in 1919. The Chinese were driven out by White Russian forces under Baron von Ungern-Sternberg in early 1921, and the Whites in turn were ousted by Red Army troops and Mongolian units under the Mongolian Communist leaders Sukhe-Bator and Khorloin Choibalsan. Mongolia was proclaimed an independent state in July, 1921, and remained a monarchy until the Living Buddha died in 1924. The establishment (Nov., 1924) of the Communist-led Mongolian People's Republic was followed by a struggle to divest the old privileged classes of their capital (largely in the form of land and livestock) and persecution of the Lama priests; this in turn led to the Lama Rebellion of 1932, when priests led thousands of people, with some 7 million head of livestock, across the border to Inner Mongolia. In 1936 the USSR signed a mutual aid pact with the republic, thus formalizing the existing close relations between the two countries. A constitution adopted in 1940 consolidated the power of the Communist regime. During World War II the Mongolian army joined the USSR in Manchuria in the last, brief stage of the war against Japan. In 1945 a plebiscite was held under a Sino-Soviet agreement, and the republic overwhelmingly voted for continued independence. Khorloin Choibalsan, the prime minister from 1938 until his death in 1952, was succeeded by Yumzhaggiin Tsedenbal. A new constitution came into force in 1960, and Mongolia was admitted to the United Nations in 1961.

80. Mongolia Now The Web Site Of Ven. Panchen Otrul Rinpoche In Mongolia. history of Project. For many centuries Buddhism was an integral part of mongolianculture. Prior to 1921 and the advent of communism in mongolia, Tibet and http://www.mongolianow.org/history.htm

History of Project For many centuries Buddhism was an integral part of Mongolian culture. Prior to 1921 and the advent of communism in Mongolia, Tibet and Mongolia had strong historic links. They both followed similar Buddhist lineages and there was an interchange of scholars and monks between the two countries. In 1991 when Mongolia became a Democratic state, it was to the re-established Tibetan monasteries in India that Mongolian Buddhists turned for help with the re-establishment of their monasteries. Most of these had been destroyed during the communist purges in the 1930`s and the monks forced to join the army or to marry, sent to Siberia or killed. Consequently they had no teachers. The Tibetan monastery of Drepung Gomang historically facilitated the training of young monks from Mongolia. This has recently begun again and young Mongolian monks are travelling to the re-established Gomang Monastery in India to study Dharma in the traditional way. Many of these monks have been ordained by Panchen Otrul Rinpoche in Mongolia. In 1995 Panchen Otrul Rinpoche travelled to Mongolia with his Holiness the Dalai Lama who asked him to stay and teach Dharma to the Mongolian people. Since 1995 he has travelled there each year for two months in order to help with the re-establishment of Buddhism in Mongolia.

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