41. Destinations the fascinating traditional lifestyles of the indigenous peoples, living among Africatakes people back to their roots, to at the foot of Mount meru a classic http://www.robinhurtphotosafaris.com/destinations.htm

42. Worldstats: Providing Information About Our World! Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, meru 6%, other a royal charter to operate in EastAfrica. From the beginning, the indigenous peoples strongly resisted the http://www.worldstats.org/world/kenya.shtml

Home Countries Big Cities World ... Useful Links Kenya Quick Overview: Geography: History: Related Links: News Nation Audio Kenya News Offical Sites Kenya Government Country Guides Kenya Guide Kenya Tourist Guide Education Education in Kenya See a map of Kenya

43. Institutt For Sosialantropologi - 1997 21 Haram, Liv Modern meru Women in Gendered Worlds. indigenous peoples, Environmentand Development. Red. The state, civil society and indigenous peop les. http://www.fou.uib.no/publ/97kort/99.html

Det samfunnsvitenskapelige fakultet Institutt for sosialantropologi Produksjonsdato : 2001-01-25 Katalogtype: Kortformat.

44. Bibliography From Adaptive Strategies For Sustainable Livelihoods In Arid And Se Nomadic peoples 30 (1992) 4152. Using indigenous knowledge for sustainabledryland management A global perspective. meru District (1989-1993). http://www.iisd.org/casl/ASALProjectDetails/CASLASALBib.htm

CASL Home Page ASAL Project ASALs Description ... Significance Bibliography Bibliography from Adaptive Strategies for Sustainable Livelihoods in Arid and Semi-Arid Lands Project General Andersen, David, ed. Conservation in Africa: People, policies and practices . Cambridge, England: University of Cambridge Press, 1989. Atta El Moula, M.E. "Migration: Causes and effects: The case of Omodiat Burush". GeoJournal 25.1, (September 1991): 47-50. Awori, A. and O. Odhiambo. Resource Journal for Sustainable Development in Africa Ayensu, Edward. "Africa." In Plant resources of arid and semi-arid lands: A global perspective , edited by Goodin J.R and D.K. Northington. London: Academic Press, Inc., 1985. Behnke, R.H. and I. Scoones . Rethinking range ecology: Implications for rangelands management in Africa . London: Commonwealth Secretariat, 1991. Berhe, Costantinos. Human adaptation to marginal environments . IDS Working Paper, June 1990. Berkes, F., P. George and R.J. Preston. "Co-management. The evolution in theory and practice of the joint administration of living resources." Alternatives Beutel, F. K.

45. IK Monitor Centres - News (7-2) ethnobotanists in all countries of africa for the rainforest medicinal plants in MeruBetiri National prospects for donors and indigenous peoples' is published http://www.nuffic.nl/ciran/ikdm/7-2/centers.html

Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor, July 1999 Contents IK Monitor (7-2) IKDM Homepage ikdm@nuffic.nl Indigenous Knowledge Resource Centres - News The complete list of addresses of Indigenous Knowledge Resource Centres is updated regularly. AFRICA Cameroon CIKO Cameroon Indigenous Knowledge Organisation Prof. C.N. Ngwasiri, Director (Correspondent) Tel.: +237-322-181. Fax: +237-322-181 / 430 813. E-mail: ngwasiri@camnet.cm CIKO has now completed ten case studies on various aspects of indigenous knowledge (IK) in Cameroon, for inclusion in the World Bank's Database on Indigenous Knowledge and Practices: 1. Traditional child delivery in Nso, Bui Division 2. The use of ethnodietary preparations to reinforce the immune system in AIDS patients 3. Indigenous soil fertility methods and intensive farming techniques used by farmers in Ndop Plain, Northwest Province 4. Ethnoveterinary practices of Fulani herdsmen in the Northwest Province 5. Indigenous natural resource management and conservation methods in the Kilum Mountain Forest area, Oku Chiefdom 6. Indigenous knowledge of forest resources among the Baka of South Province and East Province

46. Images Of Africa including Mounts Kilimanjaro, Kenya, and meru, and the years ago, the Bantuspeakingpeoples expanded from developed africa’s only indigenous written script http://www.calacademy.org/calwild/fall99/counter.htm

Images of Africa Jerold M. Lowenstein As I write these words, I’m getting ready for my ninth trip to Africa, this time to Namibia. Meanwhile, the Academy is preparing to show a new exhibit on Africa. Like most of us, I have conflicting images of this “dark continent” that gave birth to humanity five million years ago, and that spawned our own species, Homo sapiens , about 140,000 years ago. Though our ancestors came from Africa originally, the motherland appeared so remote and mysterious to Europeans in recent centuries that it had to be “discovered” and “explored” all over again, its rivers traced to their sources, its peoples described and subdued. The writer Joseph Conrad summed up his view of Africa in his title, Heart of Darkness Western images of Africa have tended toward two extremes: an idyllic Eden where people and animals lived in a “natural” state until civilization and its discontents intruded and spoiled everything; or a wild place of savage bloodthirstiness and ignorance, bereft of the advantages of Western law, technology, and religion. To me, the great paradox of Africa is that it seems to “have it all”—spectacular geography (glacier-topped mountains, great river valleys, rain forests, vast deserts), wonderful climate, a limitless treasure-chest of diamonds and gold, great diversity of plants and animals and most ancient history of life, a three-million-year head start in human evolution over any other continent, with ancient cities and societies. Yet today Africa has very little to show for these apparent advantages. The people are mostly impoverished, the governments mostly corrupt and undemocratic. Civil wars are commonplace.

47. Klub Afriko Safaris Educational Walking Safaris These safaris consist of hiking through indigenous peoples' areas and staying, observing shouldexperience these Educational Safaris and see the africa that we http://www.klubafriko.com/eduwalk.html

Educational Walking Safaris In addition to our photography safaris, we at Klub Afriko Safaris offer educational safaris. These safaris consist of hiking through indigenous peoples' areas and staying, observing and participating in the daily lives of these people. In addition, you will have talks on natural history, herbal medicine, culture, and flora and fauna by the local experts in the area. If you are looking for an adventure, to go to places that others rarely see, and to experience wildlife, the land, and the wonderful people, then you should experience these Educational Safaris and see the Africa that we can show you. Klub Afriko Safaris operate with a strong awareness and commitment to the conservation of our environment. Gideon Saul was a Ngorongoro Conservation Area Ranger for 10 years, and I was a Peace Corps Volunteer in southern Africa and have 6 years experience as an Environmental Educator in Africa. Click below for more info: Cultural and Language Opportunities Northern Pare Mountains Longido Mountain Ecological Safari to the Eastern Arc Mountains ... Why Klub Afriko Safaris?

48. Kenya -- Ethnic Groups The principal nonindigenous ethnic minorities are the Arabs The Kikuyu, meru, Gusii,Embu, Akamba, Luyha (or majority of the Bantu speaking peoples of Kenya. http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/NEH/k-ethn.html

Kenya Ethnic Groups The Kikuyu, Meru, Gusii, Embu, Akamba, Luyha (or alternate spelling of Luyia), Swahili and Mijikenka (which in fact is a group of different ethnic groups) constitute the majority of the Bantu speaking peoples of Kenya. In general, the Bantu have been farmers. The Kikuyu (or Gikuyu) homeland is around Mount Kenya and it is believed they migrated into the area from East and North East Africa around the 16th century. They were neighbors of the Maasai and although there were raids for cattle between them, there was also a lot of trade and intermarriage. The Kikuyu god, Ngai, resides on Mt. Kenya which they call Kirinyaga . As with other ethnic groups, the traditional healer was held in high esteem. For the Kikuyu, land ownership is the most important social, political, religious, and economic factor. They have a complex system of land ownership that revolves around close kin, The importance of land brought them into conflict with the colonial government when white settlers and farmers occupied their traditional lands. Today, Kikuyu farmers produce most of the fresh produce that is consumed in Nairobi as well as coffee and tea for export. Many Kikuyu have also been successful in economic and commercial endeavors. Traditionally, the Kikuyu were governed by a council of elders based on clans. The Akamba The Luyha's traditional homeland is around Kakamega in western Kenya. They are Kenya's third largest ethnic group after the Kikuyu and the Luo. The Luyha suffer from high population density which effects their farming economy as cultivation occurs on plots that get smaller with each generation. They are important producers of sugar-cane.

49. Tanzania -- Ethnic Groups Tensions between indigenous Tanzanians and the Asian community, which are Both areBantuspeaking peoples who in the past Bena Ikomo Lambia meru Pimbwe Tatog. http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/NEH/tz_ethnic.html

Tanzania Ethnic Groups More than 120 ethnic groups are represented in Tanzania. Each of these groups differs, to varying degrees, from other groups in culture, social organization, and language. Only the smallest groups are homogeneous, however. Most groups are characterized by some internal variation in language and culture. The largest ethnic group, the Sukuma, represents nearly 13% of the total population; the remaining large groups represent under 5% each. Ethnicity continues to reflect geographic area. During colonial rule, administrative subdivisions had often been drawn along ethnic lines; this situation has continued after independence despite the government's genuine efforts to downplay ethnic considerations. Less than 1% of Tanzania's population is made up of non-Africans, including Europeans, Asians, and Arabs. Interethnic conflict has not been a significant political problem in Tanzania as it has been elsewhere in Africa. Perhaps one reason for the relative absence of ethnic conflict is the fact that Tanzania is made up of a great many groups, none of which predominates. Ethnic identities may also have weakened over the decades. However, in recent years, tensions have developed between Christians and Muslims, a problem that may threaten the unity between the Mainland and Zanzibar. Tensions between indigenous Tanzanians and the Asian community, which are prominent in business, have also surfaced in recent years. The two largest ethnic groups in Tanzania are linguistically and culturally closely related. The traditional homelands ofthe

50. Islamic World.Net: Countries 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, meru 6%, other supporting the rights of the indigenous peoplewhose and sections on history, national symbols, cultures, and peoples. http://islamic-world.net/countries/kenya.htm

Other Sections: H O M E Our Plan Our Policy Our Papers Parenting Sister's Page Muslim Youth Children's Page Shahadah Da'wah Khalifah Asphorism Islamic Books Islamic News Multimedia Countries Links Index Ask Scholar Search Engines Contact Us H O M E countries Country Facts GOV E D U ... General Country Facts Location: Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Somalia and Tanzania Population: Ethnic groups: Kikuyu 22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, Meru 6%, other African 15%, non-African (Asian, European, and Arab) 1% Religions: Protestant 38%, Roman Catholic 28%, indigenous beliefs 26%, Muslim 7%, other 1% Languages: English (official), Kiswahili (official), numerous indigenous languages Area: total: 582,650 sq km, land: 569,250 sq km, water: 13,400 sq km Natural resources: gold, limestone, soda ash, salt barites, rubies, fluorspar, garnets, wildlife, hydropower G O V top Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Kenya Meteorological Department ... Central Bank of Kenya E D U top University of Nairobi Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya

51. Information About Africa by the Government of Sudan on its indigenous African population. Kenya Web The Peoplesof Kenya. Gusii Kuria Central Bantu Akamba Kikuyu Embu meru Mbere Tharaka http://www.africaonfire.org/infoafrica.htm

Welcome to the World; of Africa: Africa On Fire Research and Information Page. Please read Purpose and Objectives Statement. and before going on. You will need to use your BACK button until you return to this page after viewing the following links. Return here in the furture for updated information and links. We try to post links to and current information about what is going on in Africa. To view information on our ministry and programs on Africa go to: Joe and Peggy's work with Africa On Fire page. Information on Sudan The following websites contain information about the persecution in Sudan. The Sudan Campaign. A broad coalition of activists have initiated “The Sudan Campaign” – two weeks of intensive activity in Washington and around the country – to spotlight the on-going genocide in Sudan. The Campaign calls the nation to action and petitions President Clinton to stop what Congress deems a “genocidal” onslaught by the Government of Sudan on its indigenous African population. The onslaught includes forced starvation, enslavement, and religious persecution. The Campaign arises in response to Secretary of State Albright’s challenge that suffering in Sudan has not been “ marketable” to the American people. But Americans care deeply about victims of genocide, and will not sit by silently.

52. Africa. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 are Kilimanjaro, Kenya, Nyamulagira, Elgon, meru, and the BC and 1500, Bantuspeakingpeoples became dominant social organization of the indigenous population. http://www.bartleby.com/65/af/Africa.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Africa k KEY Geology and Geography Geologically, recent major earth disturbances have been confined to areas of NW and E Africa. Geologists have long noted the excellent fit (in shape and geology) between the coast of Africa at the Gulf of Guinea and the Brazilian coast of South America, and they have evidence that Africa formed the center of a large ancestral supercontinent known as Pangaea. Pangaea began to break apart in the Jurassic period to form Gondwanaland, which included Africa, the other southern continents, and India. South America was separated from Africa c.76 million years ago, when the floor of the S Atlantic Ocean was opened up by seafloor spreading; Madagascar was separated from it c.65 million years ago; and Arabia was separated from it c.20 million years ago, when the Red Sea was formed. There is also evidence of one-time connections between NW Africa and E North America, N Africa and Europe, Madagascar and India, and SE Africa and Antarctica.

53. Country Info - Kenya passed through by wave upon wave of peoples from all Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii6%, meru 6%, other Protestant 38%, Roman Catholic 28%, indigenous beliefs 26 http://www.safari.nl/landen/kenya.html

about us contact links sitemap COUNTRY INFO - KENYA Click here for gameparks! Kenya is still the primary focus of all adventure travel in Africa. It is one of the finestand undoubtedly the most famoussafari destination in the world. Safari , however, is by no means the only reason to visit Kenya, for the attractions of its rich culture and diverse environments are considerable. Kenya is situated right along the equator, on the eastern coast of the African continent. Its coastal region is on the southeast, and to the east lies Somalia. Ethiopia is to the north, the Sudan to the northwest, and Uganda directly to the west. The southwestern border of the country is marked by Lake Victoria, and southward lies Tanzania. Kenya's geography is marvelously varied. While much of northeastern Kenya is a flat, bush-covered plain, the remainder of the country encompasses pristine beaches, scenic highlands and lake regions, the Great Rift Valley, and the magnificent Mount Kenya. Although Kenya's varied environments experience a wide variety of climate conditions, the temperature remains comfortably warm year-round. Much of Kenya experiences heavy rainfall from March through May and, to a lesser extent, from October through December. The best time for most

54. Kenya 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, meru 6%, other English (official), Kiswahili (official),numerous indigenous languages Literacy by wave upon wave of peoples from all http://www.safari.nl/2002/landen/kenia.html

about us contact links sitemap Geography Location: Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Somalia and Tanzania Area: total: 582,650 sq km land: 569,250 sq km border countries: Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda Climate: varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior Terrain: low plains rise to central highlands bisected by Great Rift Valley; fertile plateau in west Natural resources: gold, limestone, soda ash, salt barites, rubies, fluorspar, garnets, wildlife, hydropower Population: 30,765,916 Nationality: noun: Kenyan(s) adjective: Kenyan Ethnic groups: Kikuyu 22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, Meru 6%, other African 15%, non-African (Asian, European, and Arab) 1% Religions: Protestant 38%, Roman Catholic 28%, indigenous beliefs 26%, Muslim 7%, other 1% Languages: English (official), Kiswahili (official), numerous indigenous languages Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write Country name: conventional long form: Republic of Kenya former: British East Africa Government type: republic Capital: Nairobi National holiday: Independence Day, 12 December (1963)

55. Harmful Health Practices: Program Examples World Bank Incorporating indigenous knowledge (IK), customs graduated to adulthoodin meru without circumcision. were able to alleviate peoples' concerns about http://www.rho.org/html/hthps_progexamples.htm

@import "../html/rho-styles.css"; This page displays best on browsers supporting current Web standards, but all content is viewable through any Web device. Program Examples The programs below illustrate some of the strategies that have been developed to overcome logistic, cost, provider, client, and other obstacles to eliminate harmful health practices in developing countries. They also provide lessons learned from experience. Submit your own Program Example Burkina Faso: Using an integrated human rights model to improve community health and development. Côte d'Ivoire: Expanding legislation to include punishment provisions for FGM, forced and underage marriage, and sexual harassment. Egypt (CEDPA Project): The Positive Deviance Approach searches for solutions to FGM within the community. Egypt (CEOSS Project): Using a multi-faceted, community-based approach to ending FGM. The Gambia: Designing a new rite of passage that excludes FGM. Guinea: National-level programming for FGM eradication.

56. Publications For 1999-2000 Introduction, “Losing Ground indigenous Rights and Recourse Development in Arushaand meru, by Thomas International Abashiri Symposium peoples and Cultures http://www.arts.mcgill.ca/programs/anthro/publication99-00.htm

(See listing under Social Studies of Medicine) Publications BOSSEN, L. Women and Development, in Understanding Contemporary China, R. Gamer, ed., Boulder, Colorado, Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1999, pp. 293-320. CORIN, E. (See listing under Psychiatry) GALATY, J.G. Guest Editor, Uprooted: Dispossession in Africa, Special Issue of Cultural Survival Quarterly, v. 22, no. 4, Winter, 1999, Cambridge: Cultural Survival: 11 contributions, pp. 28-71, with maps. * Review: Mountain Farmers: Moral Economies of Land and Agricultural Development in Arusha and Meru, by Thomas Spear. (Oxford: James Currey, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, Dar Es Salaam: Mkuki na Nyota, 1997.) Canadian Journal of African Studies, v. 32, no. 2, 1998, pp. 430-433. Review: When We Began, There were Witchmen: An Oral History from Mount Kenya, by Jeffrey A. Fadiman. (Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1993.) American Ethnologist, v. 26, no. 2, 1999, pp. 507-8. Review: Conflict, Age and Power in North East Africa: Age Systems in Transition, E. Kurimoto and S. Simonse, eds. (Oxford: James Currey Publishers, 1998). The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, v. 5, no. 4, 1999, pp. 662-663.

57. Country Overview the population, while nonAfrican peoples make up including the Kalenjin, Kamba andMeru, account for Roman Catholic, 26 percent follow indigenous beliefs, and http://www.ijnet.org/News/Africa/Kenya/profile.html

Kenya Africa Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo Cote d'Ivoire Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Republic of Congo Rwanda Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe Search Site for In Africa Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo Cote d'Ivoire Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Republic of Congo Rwanda Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe Kenya Media Assistance Media Outlets Press Overview ... Training Archive This site is sponsored by the Open Society Institute The Freedom Forum and friends of ICFJ.

58. Background Notes Archive - Africa Kalenjin 11%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, meru 5%. Non Asian, European, Arab 1%. ReligionsIndigenous beliefs 10 millennium AD, Nilotic and Bantu peoples moved into http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/ERC/bgnotes/af/kenya9803.html

Return to Africa Background Notes Archive Return to Background Notes Archive Homepage Return to Electronic Research Collection Homepage

59. Traditional Music & Cultures Of Kenya thus be called Kenya's aboriginal or indigenous people (a Mbeere, Gusii, Kuria,Makonde, meru, Mijikenda and the used and managed by entire peoples for their http://bluegecko.crosswinds.net/kenya/contexts/kenyapeople.htm

click map to enter The Traditional Music and Cultures of Kenya, a multimedia encyclopaedia dedicated to Kenya's people, has moved to a new and now permanent address: http://www.bluegecko.org/kenya/ A fully indexed site search engine, a clickable index, and an interactive map will enable to you to easily find what you're looking for. The site now has over five hundred pages, 235 images, seven hours of music, and not an advert in sight! Karibu - welcome. Click on the link or on the map to access the site's main page

60. "Africa Mountain Protected Areas Update - December 1998" -Mtn-Forum On-Line Libr selfreliance and increase rural peoples' incomes by giants of Kilimanjaro and Meruare better The sacred forests (indigenous forests) formerly impenetrable http://www.mtnforum.org/resources/library/bligx98a.htm

Africa Mountain Protected Areas Update - December 1998 Peter E. Blignaut, MPA Network Coordinator for Africa World Commission on Protected Areas/IUCN The modern day metaphor for protected areas is 'islands of biodiversity surrounded by seas of human altered landscapes'. The new approach to protected areas conservation, sometimes called the bioregional approach, places protected areas within their wider context, seeking to maximize the possibilities for successful protection and propagation of species by managing larger swathes of surrounding land to provide appropriate habitat. In keeping with this trend, the Protected Areas in the 21st Century symposium sponsored by WCPA in Albany, Australia ( November 1997), called for a movement from islands to networks of protected areas. Participants concluded that, among other things, "We need to establish partnerships and encourage cooperation with neighbors and other stakeholders, promote stewardship, enhance the use of relevant information, and develop and strengthen the policies, economic and other instruments which support protected areas objectives." -Alex de Sherbinin Social Policy Group - IUCN WELCOME FROM OUR CHIEF (Professor Larry Hamilton was recently introduced at a UN conference, as possibly the world's most eminent mountain scientist scholar)

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