61. This Magazine Online accusers that North Americans mostly exterminated their indigenous peoples. took thelands of the indigenous people but must visit a traditional masai village. http://www.thismagazine.ca/current_issue/col_1.html

Subscriptions Who's This? Archive Contact This ... index. ECONOMICS Chump Change By Jim Stanford Every February, Canadians engage in a strange national custom. Just as those nasty credit card bills start showing up from our Christmas shopping binge, we are confronted with a blitz of advertising reminding us of the looming deadline for rrsp contributions. Whether we’re waiting for the bus, reading the paper or watching Joe Millionaire , we are gravely advised to invest in our future. The mutual fund industry spends at least $150 million per year on advertising, most of it in rrsp season. Their campaigns play on a range of human emotions—especially fear. In my case, the RRSP deadline often falls smack on my birthday. Getting another year older is reason enough to feel neurotic, but my angst is multiplied by these deliberate efforts to cultivate insecurity among the investing public. How will I pay for my retirement? Better pick the right mutual fund, or I’ll be working part-time at McDonald’s when I’m 65. The burst of the dot-com bubble, which wiped out trillions of dollars of painfully accumulated savings, has presented the marketers with a gargantuan challenge. Why should Canadians scrimp and save to max out their rrsps if they could disappear overnight?

62. FAF - Preamble Elliott Skinner (1964) put it The peoples of precolonial imitate all they couldof masai culture (46 marketplace was the heart of indigenous African society http://www.freeafrica.org/indigenous_institutions.html

Home Indigenous Africa The Indigenous Economic Institutions George B.N. Ayittey The Free Market, Free Trade and Free Enterprise Traditions Africa's indigenous economic system is probably the area least understood. The myth of "hunters and gatherers" persists; giving the impression that Africa had no economic institutions or culture before contact with the Europeans. Trade and exchange were supposedly unknown, since self-sufficiency and subsistence farming were the operative commands. Books on precolonial Africa dwelt excessively on the "backwardness" of African technology. But Africa did have economic institutions. West Africa was particularly noted for its indigenous economic development. As Elliott Skinner (1964) put it: "The peoples of [precolonial West Africa] had economies which made agricultural produce available in amounts large enough to be sold in rural and urban markets; craft specialization often organized along the line of craft guilds, whose members manufactured goods to be sold in these markets; different kinds of currencies which were nearly always convertible one to another and, later, to European denominations of values; and elaborate trading systems, external as well as internal. Goods produced in even the smallest West African societies were circulated in local market centres, and ultimately by porters, caravans, and boats, to the large Sudanese emporiums from which they could be shipped to Mediterranean areas in exchange for foreign products" (205). Africans engaged in a wide variety of economic activities. Although mostly primary - agricultural, pastoralism, hunting, fishing, and woodworking - there were also crafts and other industries such as clothweaving, pottery, brass works, and the mining and smelting of iron, gold, silver, copper, and tin.

63. OctDec2002 - Page 2 Of 13 on United Nations Partnerships with indigenous peoples organizations and communitiesnot officially recognized by national governments. masai and Taíno http://www.uctp.org/Volume5/OctDec2002/index2.html

2 of 13 VOLUME 5, ISSUSE 4 OCT. DECEMBER 200 During the parallel events and workshops scheduled, Mr. Borrero had the opportunity to make several interventions. In a meeting organized by the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), he questioned the IFAD representative on United Nations Partnerships with Indigenous Peoples organizations and communities governments. Earth Summit. From left to right, Elder Daniel Salau Rogei. Borrero also attended a number of special receptions, one being the edition of BIODIVERSITY: The Caribbean Indigenous Peoples should be happy to note that this publication included an article focusing on the Taino Community of Cuba, Words of a Cacique Panchito Ramirez (interpreted by highlighting a national park in French Holistic Approaches Are Needed Besides his participation within and spiritual activities, Mr. Borrero was also able to view the impact of HIV/AIDS on some of the local population. This interaction was accomplished as a result of his participation in an initiative of the Temple of Understanding (in association with the Tribal Link Foundation), which provided food

64. Satya Oct. 98: Apocalypse Now? Book Review By Mia MacDonald which he cites several models among indigenous peoples and the plane within whichwe First World peoples live, is future I walked with one masai herder and http://www.satyamag.com/oct98/apocalypse.html

Apocalypse Now? Book Review by Mia MacDonald World War III: Population and the Biosphere at the End of the Millennium by Michael Tobias (New York: Continuum, 1998) $19.95 paperback, 296 pages But all of these battlefields [in the Balkans] combined do not begin to match the level of destruction, the megatonnage of harm meted out by the more silent, gun-free wars of "progress" and "development." These two words sail through our consciousness, breezy, proactive, full of promise and supposed comfort. We speak of "underdeveloped" fetuses, capacities, ideas, intellects, and nations, with a mixture of cold detachment, disdain, and caution, whereas we rarely begrudge, or even acknowledge, that which is overdeveloped, except in certain medical cases pertaining to the thyroid or hydrocephaly. Yet it is precisely overdevelopment that has distorted everything good and potentially humane about our species. Overdevelopment A Holistic Vision World War III is categorically holistic. Tobias catalogues wanton cruelty to animals, including to India's sacred cow and in the expanding Indian slaughterhouse industry [see article by Fox in this issue]. Much of what he says is new, or newly contextualized. For example, some facts Tobias presents about the heavy (ponderously so) toll on resources and animals of the rapid increase in meat-eating, are frankly amazing. Noting the biologically-defined needs for space of "other carnivores," Tobias shows why there are so few left in India, and why their numbers are rapidly falling in parts of Africa, Indonesia and China. Again, he pulls no punches in laying out his thesis:

65. MetroActive Books | Martha Honey in Latin America and africa, crossfertilized be best protected if indigenous peoplesbenefited economically from parklands, and the masai now successfully http://www.metroactive.com/papers/sonoma/06.24.99/honey-9925.html

Books Index Sonoma County MetroActive Central Archives Head Trip Travel guide: Author Martha Honey goes after the truth about ecotourism. Michael Amsler New book evaluates the power and politics of ecotourism By Bill Strubbe VACATIONERS escaping bleak northern winters often know little about who owns the beach on which they're tanning their hides. Many could care less, of course, but if they did ponder the deeper significance their brief sojourn had for the local reef or the chamber maid who changed their bed linens ... well, it just might spoil their holiday. For the privileged, travel serves as an escape. For much of the Third World, tourism is a vital means of survival that often carries with it the heavy price of environmental and cultural degradation. In Ecotourism and Sustainable Development: Who Owns Paradise? (Island Press; $25), author Martha Honey argues that travel consumers can make choices that help save the worldleaf by leaf, rainforest by rainforest, village by village. This is no dry armchair dissertation. Martha Honey, an award-winning journalist who worked for 20 years in Central America and Africa, enlivens her research and data with colorful anecdotes from her globetrotting experiences.

66. Usnews.com: Special Issue: Photography: Western Eyes, Exotic Lives began circulating about how indigenous peoples saw them widely accepted stereotypesthat indigenous cultures were has studied photographs of the masai and Zulu http://www.usnews.com/usnews/doubleissue/photography/anthro.htm

INTRODUCTION GALLERY LIVE CHAT TIMELINE ... PHOTOJOURNALISM SCIENCE Space The human body DNA Time Anthropology CULTURE END ESSAY UPCOMING EXHIBITS Western Eyes, Exotic Lives By Nell Boyce In the 1962 movie Lawrence of Arabia , one scene shows an American newspaper reporter eagerly snapping photos of men looting a sabotaged train. One of the looters, Chief Auda abu Tayi of the Howeitat clan, suddenly notices the camera and snatches it. "Am I in this?" he asks, before smashing it open. To the dismayed reporter, Lawrence explains, "He thinks these things will steal his virtue. He thinks you're a kind of thief." As soon as colonizers and explorers began taking cameras into distant lands, stories began circulating about how indigenous peoples saw them as tools for black magic. "Ignorant natives instinctively object to being photographed," wrote pioneer anthropologist and Swiss missionary Henri-Alexandre Junod at the turn of the century, betraying the casual racism of the period. People in Africa told him that "white people want to steal us and take us with them, far away into lands which we do not know, and we shall remain incomplete beings." These photographs reinforced widely accepted stereotypes that indigenous cultures were isolated, primitive, and unchanging. "I don't believe anyone questioned it, any more than we question the photos in

67. Biblio2.html The author recognizes that the masai Mara and Amboseli tourists are coming to EastAfrica to see conservation can prove harmful to indigenous peoples; based on http://www.lclark.edu/~soan/biblio2.html

Bibliography (page 2) Hales, David. "Changing concepts of national parks." In Conservation for the twenty-first century, edited by David Western, and Pearl, Mary C., 139-144. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanneburg, Peter. "Cradle of man - and ecotourism." Enviro 17 (1994): 28-30. Hecox, Eric B. "A comparative analysis of protection versus utilization, Kenya and Zimbabwe." (1996). Hill, Kevin A. "Zimbabwe's wildlife conservation regime: rural farmers and the state." Human Ecology 19, no. 1 (1991): 19-34. Discusses conservation in Zimbabwe based on success and failure with wildlife protection: based on involvement and planning at the grassroots level for "success," and white colonial enforcements and conservation interests, combined with lack of economic incentives, for the "failures." Hitchcock, Robert K. "Centralization, resource depletion, and coercive conservation among the Tyua of the northeastern Kalahari." Human Ecology 23, no. 2 (1995): 169-198. Consideration of how conservation can prove harmful to indigenous peoples; based on colonial policies, wildlife protection has ignored the needs and values of indigenous peoples, applying a "hands-off" attitude to animals that displaces "natives" and clears preferred land for the "elite." Hitchcock considers this through the example of the Tyua Bushmen in Zimbabwe and Botswana. Hyndman, David. "Conservation through self-determination: promoting the interdependence of cultural and biological diversity." Human Organization 53, no. 3 (1994): 296-302.

68. Maasai Book Tepilit Ole Saitoti Hardcover Abradale Press Though this is inevitable for most indigenous peoples. What a beautiful land theMasai live in! Some of the Dagara tribe from Burkina Faso, in West africa. http://www.eraline.com/data/0_1_2_0_1_3_0810980991_1_4762_index.html

Era Line .com Home Bookmark This Site My Account Contact Us ... Links Note : We plan to provide Free Download(dowload) of this site's whole codes and also offer other Free services. Please click HREE for more information. Layout One Layout Two Blue Style Yellow Style Small image Text Only Large image Books Store Search: Keywords Author Manufacturer for Home Book Store History Africa ... Egypt Great Africa sites The best outdoor adventure vacations worldwide Here are some of the best horseback riding safaris, adventure trekking trips, canoeing and rafting destinations in Africa ! African Horizons Safaris Safaris to East and Southern Africa for leisure, adventure and group travel. Our web site contains detailed itineraries for over 60 trips searchable by country and price range. Maasai see larger image List Price: Our Price: Availability: Usually ships within 24 hours CusReview: Author: Tepilit Ole Saitoti Carol Beckwith Manufacturer: Abradale Press Release Date: November, 1990 Media: Hardcover ISBN: Customer Reviews: One of the "prized" books of my library This book is beautiful. It has beautiful photography, and beautiful text by a man who is of the Masai tribe. I was sad, however, to read that the author of the text (Tepilit Ole Saitoti) says that the Masai way of life is destined for extinction. Though this is inevitable for most indigenous peoples.

69. Islamic World.Net: Countries supporting the rights of the indigenous people whose on history, national symbols,cultures, and peoples. Expedia.com masai Mara National Reserve describes http://islamic-world.net/countries/kenya.htm

Other Sections: H O M E Our Plan Our Policy Our Papers Parenting Sister's Page Muslim Youth Children's Page Shahadah Da'wah Khalifah Asphorism Islamic Books Islamic News Multimedia Countries Links Index Ask Scholar Search Engines Contact Us H O M E countries Country Facts GOV E D U ... General Country Facts Location: Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Somalia and Tanzania Population: Ethnic groups: Kikuyu 22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, Meru 6%, other African 15%, non-African (Asian, European, and Arab) 1% Religions: Protestant 38%, Roman Catholic 28%, indigenous beliefs 26%, Muslim 7%, other 1% Languages: English (official), Kiswahili (official), numerous indigenous languages Area: total: 582,650 sq km, land: 569,250 sq km, water: 13,400 sq km Natural resources: gold, limestone, soda ash, salt barites, rubies, fluorspar, garnets, wildlife, hydropower G O V top Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Kenya Meteorological Department ... Central Bank of Kenya E D U top University of Nairobi Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya

70. UN WORLD SUMMIT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT about the central role of indigenous peoples in sustainable Tangori, as well asa masai woman from Both women emphasized that although indigenous women are http://www.fire.or.cr/agosto02/ingles/wssd3.htm

Feminist International Radio Endeavour UN WORLD SUMMIT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT and NGO FORUM Johannesburg, South Africa, August 25-September FIRE August 2002 FIRE WEBCAST GUESTS SAY UN EARTH SUMMIT MORE ABOUT "SUSTAINABLE GREED" THAN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT By Margaret Thompson Sustainable Development or Sustainable Greed? As government ministers and heads of states continued negotiations on a final document for the UN World Summit on Sustainable Development, NonGovernmental Organizations and other major and grassroots groups took to the streets and also to the FIREPLACE airwaves in addition to intensive lobbying to condemn states for their "lack of political will" and to demand that states not backtrack from environmental commitments made 10 years ago at the UN Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. Calling the WSSD more about "sustainable greed" than about "sustainable development," the Indigenous People's Caucus presented a declaration about the central role of indigenous peoples in sustainable development at a press conference on Monday, August 26th that was covered by Feminist International Radio Endeavour (FIRE) in its live FIREPLACE webcasts. On its daily broadcast, FIRE also interviewed indigenous women, including an Aoretora woman from New Zealand Paolina Tangori, as well as a Masai woman from Kenya, Lucy Malinke. Both women emphasized that although indigenous women are critical for creating and sustaining conditions that enable preservation of life and creation of new life forms, gender and race discrimination too often cripple their efforts.

71. Women's GlobalNet 205- Www.IWTC.org about the central role of indigenous peoples in sustainable Paulina, as well asa masai woman from Both women emphasized that although indigenous women are http://www.iwtc.org/205.html

IWTC Women's GlobalNet #205 Initiatives and Activities of Women Worldwide By Anne S. Walker September 3, 2002 UN EARTH SUMMIT MORE ABOUT "SUSTAINABLE GREED" THAN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ACCORDING TO FIRE WEBCAST INTERVIEWS By Margaret Thompson As government ministers and heads of states continued negotiations on a final document for the UN World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD), Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and other major and grassroots groups took to the streets and to the airwaves to condemn states for their "lack of political will." The protesters demanded that states not backtrack from environmental commitments made 10 years ago at the 1992 UN Earth Summit, Rio de Janeiro. Calling the WSSD more about "sustainable greed" than about "sustainable development," the Indigenous People's Caucus presented a declaration about the central role of indigenous peoples in sustainable development at a press conference on Monday, August 26th. The Feminist International

72. Title ? (masai Land peoples of Tropical Forests is the worldwidenetwork of the organizations of indigenous and tribal peoples living in http://www.hmongthailand.com/nairobi/default.asp

73. Anthropology Courses SCMS 388 Comparative Studies of Minority indigenous peoples. and continuing withan overview of indigenous religion (the Sto Coast, the Nuer and masai of east http://web.ucfv.bc.ca/asp/bakerfiles/courses/CourseList.asp?disc=ANTH

74. African Studies - History And Cultures and continuing development of Uganda's indigenous art forms Dxeriku, Hambukushu, Wayeyi,and Xanekwe peoples. Paradise Visualizing Islam in West africa and the http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/indiv/africa/cuvl/cult.html

History and Cultures of Africa A B C D ... Sights and Sounds of a Continent (University of Wisconsin-Madison Libraries and African Studies Program, Madison, Wisconsin) Under construction: Downloadable images, sound files, and other materials on Africa. "This online collection ... contains digitized visual images and sounds of Africa contributed over the years to the African Studies Program of the University of Wisconsin-Madison." Africa Forum (H-Africa, H-Net Humanities and Social Sciences OnLine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.) The full text article reprinted from History in Africa. 22 (1995): 369-408. "History facing the present: an interview with Jan Vansina" (November 2001) and Reply by Jean-Luc Vellut "Photography and colonial vision," by Paul S. Landau (May 19, 1999, Dept. of History, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut) Excerpt from "The visual image in Africa: an introduction" in Images and empires: visuality in colonial and post-colonial Africa, ed. by Paul S. Landau and Deborah Kaspin. H-Africa Africa Forum Home Page H-Africa Network Home Page Africa's 100 Best Books (Zimbabwe International Book Fair, Harare; via Columbia University)

75. DEVELOPMENT: Action On Environmental Costs Of Tourism subscribe, please contact us at africa, Asia, Caribbean What few benefits indigenouspeoples derive from tourism the example of the masai indigenous group of http://www.oneworld.org/ips2/april99/04_07_001.html

IPS news reports appear daily in English, German, Finnish, Norwegian, Spanish and Swedish. To subscribe , please contact us at: Africa Asia Caribbean Europe ... North America DEVELOPMENT: Action on Environmental Costs of Tourism By Danielle Knight UNITED NATIONS, Apr. 22 (IPS) - Tourism is listed high up on the list of revenue earners for most countries of the world but the costs have been equally high to the environment and social fabric of many nations. In an effort to correct these problems, UN officials and the leaders of the world's tourism industry have agreed on several initiatives to promote tourism that protects the environment while promoting economic growth. But international trade unions and environmental organisations, say fundamental changes are needed if tourism is to be truly 'environmentally sustainable.' All too often, tourism has resulted in polluted beaches, damaged coral reefs, overused parklands, and low wages for tourist workers, they say. ''The global tourism industry just cannot be propelled towards sustainability under the conventional economic and political structures,'' says Anita Pleumarom, coordinator of the Bangkok- based Tourism Investigation and Monitoring Team, an advocacy group. Since Monday, government officials and representatives from the tourism industry, trade unions and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) have been debating the costs and benefits of tourism during a unique ''multi-stakeholder dialogue'' at this year's meeting of the UN's Commission for Sustainable Development (CSD).

76. Africa Books of the Yoruba, the courage of the masai and the traditions of africa practiced bypeoples with vastly the historical development of indigenous african belief http://carlos.emory.edu/ODYSSEY/Teachers/wab/sbsafricaBK.html

Books about Africa McEvedy, Colin. The Penguin Atlas of African History . Penguin, 1995. This reference work provides a succinct account of the development of African society from the first appearance of man to the complex polity of today. Kingdoms and Empires are only part of the story. The Atlas covers the development of modern man, the differentiation and spread of African languages, the first crossings of the Sahara, the exploration of the Niger, and the search for 'the fountains of the Nile'. Gold and ivory lure traders from far away; Christendom and Islam compete for African attention. Colin McEvedy outlines this progress with the aid of sixty maps and a clear, concise text. Though his synthesis will be especially useful to those involved in the teaching of African history, its broad perspectives will undoubtedly appeal also to the general reader. 144 pages, and sixty maps. Diop, Cheikh Anta.

77. Worldstats: Providing Information About Our World! From the beginning, the indigenous peoples strongly resisted the to cut the wagesof their indigenous employees in Although the masai lost more land than the http://www.worldstats.org/world/kenya.shtml

Home Countries Big Cities World ... Useful Links Kenya Quick Overview: Geography: Location: Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Somalia and Tanzania Area: total: 582,650 sq km water: 13,400 sq km land: 569,250 sq km Land boundaries: total: 3,477 km border countries: Ethiopia 861 km, Somalia 682 km, Sudan 232 km, Tanzania 769 km, Uganda 933 km Elevation extremes: lowest point: Indian Ocean m highest point: Mount Kenya 5,199 m Geography - note: the Kenyan Highlands comprise one of the most successful agricultural production regions in Africa; glaciers are found on Mount Kenya, Africa's second highest peak; unique physiography supports abundant and varied wildlife of scientific and economic value People: Population: note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.) Population growth rate: 1.15% (2002 est.)

78. Who's Indigenous A CONCEPTUAL INQUIRY by Fred W. Riggs At the last ISA conference, in Toronto, Jonathan Friedman, Tom Hall, Majid Tehranian and I discussed the development of ethnic nationalism in a longterm world-systemic context. distinction between the indigenous peoples found in "Northern" societies classed as "indigenous peoples " and "ethnic nations" be viewed as "indigenous" peoples compelled us to http://www2.hawaii.edu/~fredr/indig.htm

WHO'S INDIGENOUS? A CONCEPTUAL INQUIRY by Fred W. Riggs Linked pages: [] Discourse Links Enclave Nationalism Who's Indigenous Gurr comments ... Riggs' Paper At the last ISA conference, in Toronto, Jonathan Friedman, Tom Hall, Majid Tehranian and I discussed the development of ethnic nationalism in a long-term world-systemic context. In that context, it seemed clear that the collapse of industrial empires created a host of new states whose boundaries had been shaped by the exigencies of colonial rule. For the most part, this process both reflected and encouraged the rise of nationalism in external dependencies whose leaders were driven by hopes for industrial development and democratic government resembling those achieved in their metropoles. In this form, ethnic nationalism evolved primarily in exclaves , the external possessions of the world's empires, and led to the creation of states like Algeria, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, Senegal, and the Philippines. ENCLAVES. The success of these movements has now generated a second great wave of ethnic nationalism arising within the boundaries of many of the worlds state's, their enclosed peoples living in enclaves . This phenomenon involves both the old and the new states although we normally fail to notice the similarity because our tendency to dichotomize the developed and underdeveloped world, the North and the South, has led us to assume that each has a completely different rationale and dynamics. Putting both into a single world-system framework, however, may help us understand that in both cases, similar dynamics are at work. If we stress the political and historical rather than the cultural and geographical dimensions of this process, we might understand that ethnic nationalism has shifted its locus, at the end of the 20

79. Africa On The Matrix: The People Of The Samburu Region and forego the red ochre and tight braids he now wears. Other indigenouspeoples Himba Herero and masai. Other africa Pages http://www.on-the-matrix.com/africa/samburu_people.asp

If you're seeing a big blank space here, it means that your browser does not support modern HTML standards. The slide show that would ordinarily be in this space can be viewed in a separate pop-up window by clicking here The Samburu People The Samburu people inhabit an arid region in northern Kenya. They have traditionally herded cattle, though lately some have taken up farming. Others have started raising camels, which do well in this dry area. The Samburu share many customs with the Masai Like the Masai, the Samburu have rather elaborate "coming of age" traditions. Boys are circumcised in their early teens in a ceremony attended by the entire village. The boy who even flinches dishonors himself and his family. Among the photographs you will see Frances, a moran about 20 years old. Frances had received some schooling and was able to speak English well enough to carry on a conversation. He told me a bit about his life and showed me how he uses his spear, club, machete and cattle prod. He is from the Dorobo tribe, which were traditionally hunters instead of shepherds. Frances has already married, but as a moran he must still live outside the village and apart from his wife. He is also forbidden to eat meat in the presence of his wife until he becomes a junior elder of the village. That time will come within the next few years. Then, he will cut his hair short and forego the red ochre and tight braids he now wears.

80. Search Geographic Images By LCTGM Result Set Kenya Portrait of young masai man with information Sedik River Topics Indigenouspeoples, Clothing and dress Necklaces, Hats Durban, South africa Zulu mother http://image.lib.depaul.edu/GIC/SearchByLCTGMResults.asp?LCTGM=Necklaces

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