21. Introduction, Expo 86 Portfolio Second was the fur trade industry which closely followed abundant natural resourcesof canada, much of 1670, the Londonbased hudsons bay company had remained http://www.johncrittenden.com/_expo/intro.html

The History of Transportation "The official portfolio of limited edition prints for EXPO 86" Introduction When the first white man arrived in North America they found a continent already inhabited, Over thirty thousand years ago, so the historians say, the first "explorers" crossed land that is now under the Bering Strait and spread across the Americas. Over many years, these ancestors of the modern Inuit and Indian settled in different environments and became divided into numerous linguistic groups. These "native Americans" had no written language and their history was based on legends and stories passed down through the generations. The archeological evidence and oral traditions show a wide variety of lifestyles, customs and beliefs, as one can expect from such a large and diversified environment as the Americas. Even in Canada, about which "The History of Transportation" is written, the varied climate and terrain have moulded many "groups" of peoples, each very much at home and master of their world. Why the American Indians never evolved a wheeled vehicle has long been a puzzle to anthropologists. The Plains Indians had their travois, a v-shaped framework formed by tent poles with a skin tent cover tied on and household goods piled on top, the whole thing being dragged initially by a dog and later by a horse. Prior to this the Indians used the animal trails, eventually creating foot paths a foot or so wide through the forests and across the plains. Many of these footpaths later became highways and often showed the way through some of the wildest and most difficult country in Canada, the mountain passes of British Columbia.

22. CheatHouse.com - Metis People And The Fur Trade In The North(Northern Canada) booth and display to show that canada whether in play as significant a role in furtrade community as 1990 Coates 1994 ISSN 1206 4203 hudsons bay company 800 a http://www.cheathouse.com/eview/2672_metis_people_and_the_fur_trade_in_the_no.ht

Metis People and the Fur Trade European Fur Trade: Three factors led to the development of large-scale fur trading within the Metis communities of the North. The first was the bountiful supply of furs in North America. The Canadian Shield and the Mackenzie Delta were the greatest fur areas in the Metis people and the fur trade in the north(Northern Canada) Note! The sentences in this essay are shuffled, making this essay unusable If you want to read the essay in it's original and proper state, click here. We use this page for our internal search engine, and it's not meant to be viewable. North American History Home Essays [LOGIN] ... 1995-2003, Loadstone

23. MRC Fast Facts been chosen to go to canada to study The hudsons bay Point Blankets were first manufacturedin The Amercian fur trade company was importing colours of indigo http://www.metisresourcecentre.mb.ca/fastfacts/

Did You Know July 8, 1874 the long march of 1506 km (941 miles) along the Commission Trail begins with: 275 North West Mounted Police 308 horses 142 draft oxen 93 cattle for slaughter 114 Red River carts 20 Metis drivers 73 wagons 2 nine-pound muzzle loading field guns 2 brass mortars several mowing machines, protable forges and field kitchens During the Christmas holidays of 1866 some ladies in the settlement had organized a bazaar, the profits which, amounting to 60 to 70 pounds, had been devoted to charitable purposes among the local poor. A similar effort, assisted by an amateur concert, in 1867, produced about 100 pounds, and gave occasion to a series of very large and pleasant gatherings of people from all quarters during the Christmas week. Source: Red River by J.J. Hargrave, F.R.G.S. pg 421 Society of the Generons This society consisted of the best hunters, took it upon them selves to see that the aged, the sick and crippled recieved a share of the buffalo hunt. Source: D. McLean "Home from the Hill" At each hunt Gabriel would make at least one free run through the herd, dedicating the beasts he then slaughtered to the old and the sick who could not hunt for themselves, it was an example he expected of other good hunters.

24. Metis Nation Of Bristish Columbia- Region 6 area of canada, and are descendants of hudsons bay, French Explorers These were theflags of the fur trade wars between the Hudson bay company and the http://www.citytel.net/metisbc/history.html

Welcome Definition Education History ... Contacts HISTORY Métis people come from the Red River area of Canada, and are descendants of Hudsons Bay, French Explorers, and First Nations peoples. Métis have added great flavor to the creation of Canada. The History of the Métis Flag

25. North West Company had control of over twothirds of the Canadian fur trade. The North West companyattempted to block this colony by buying hudsons bay company shares in http://www.rockyview.ab.ca/bpeak/students/canada/kctri3.html

Rivalry with the Bay During 1790-91, McTavish attempted unsuccessfully to have Britain end the Hudson's Bay Company monopoly. Efforts to lease transit rights from the HBC were later rejected as well. The only remaining options were to enhance the direct rivalry with the English, who were extending their own web of land posts. Through the 1790's, the North West Company prevailed. By 1795, the Nor'westers had control of over two-thirds of the Canadian fur trade. This dominance was achieved by Alexander Mackenzie's exploration of the Pacific overland in July of 1793. During 1813-1820, the Bay started its developing posts closer to the Rockies. The HBC was planning an agricultural colony in an area critical to the Nor'westers transportation and provisioning systems. The North West Company attempted to block this colony by buying Hudsons Bay Company shares in London and by discouraging future Scottish colonies . There were many bitter and costly encounters between the two companies over the Red River Colony . The Seven Oaks Incident took place on June19, 1816, was the worst conflict, making neither side a winner. There were many battles between 1815, and 1819. In June 1819, 7 North West Company partners and numerous men were captured by the Hudson's Bay Company. The Nor'westers reputation, and their business that year were ruined.

26. Henry's Home Page: Canoeing and learn about the times of the fur trade. Historical Cultural Arts Society; canada'sNational History voyageur stuff, songs, games; hudsons bay company history; http://www.astro.uwo.ca/~hlepar/hobbies/canoeing.html

Canoeing and Paddling Library Classic Sayings from the Water's Edge Local Events List of 2002 Re-enactments Great Upper Canada Rendezvous Location: Fanshawe Pioneer Village in London, Ontario. Date: May 17, 18, 19, 20 2002 FRIDAY MAY17 will be EDUCATION DAY Teachers - Plan to bring your classroom out. Re-enactors - Please contact us if you would like to participate Historic period crafts for kids, along with music, dancing. Re-enactors perform all weekend. Come out, have fun and learn about the times of the fur trade. Plan to join us for The Great Upper Canada Rendezvous' 2002 Canoe Adventures - On-Line On River-On Line: NORTH to UNGAVA , a retracing of the 1903 ill-fated Hubbard Expedition. Organizations and Resources London Canoe Club Canadian Recreational Canoe Association Canoe Ontario Canadian Canoe Routes ... Yukon Tourism Canoes, Watercraft, Suppliers: Tripping Canoes Wooden Canoe Heritage Association Swift Canoe Guide Green Valley Boatworks Links ... Voyageur Canoe Co. Outfitters: Lady Evelyn Outfitters (Temagami) List of Outfitters Naturally Superior (David Wells) Black Feather ... HBC Outfitters Literature, Art, Music: Every paddler needs a music library.

27. Table Of Contents; Birnie (860) - Dyce . . Pioneer History with the The North West company (hudsons bay company). Now Albertaand NW Territories, canada. fur trade and Empire, by F. Merk Cambridge http://www.birnie.org/bdyce00t.htm

The James Birnie and Charlotte Beaulieu Tree Table of Contents Descendants of Robert Birnie and Betty Dyce Generation One Generation Two Generation Three ... Index Cathlamet, Washington State, USA As noted in James Birnie's service record , most of his appiontments were in the Columbia River Valley. He settled in the valley and founded the Village of Cathlamet. When the British and Americans settled their dispute the lower columbia valley, it became part of what is now Washington State, USA. For more history about this interesting pioneer family click to the site by Daryl Birnie Dorcy of Austin, Texas Birnie Creek Charlotte's House Click to enlarge View of Cathlamet Photos courtesy of Janine Oman Birnie Island, Nass, British Columbia Pioneer History with the The North West Company (Hudsons Bay Company) NAME: BIRNIE, James PARISH: Aberdeen, SCOTLAND ENTERED SERVICE: 1818 (NWC) DATES: b. 1799-d. 1864 Outfit Year An outfit year ran from 1 june to 31 May.

28. Canada: HIGH ARCTIC DREAMS to the fur trade and whaling industry, the peoples of the area migrated with theseasons in search of food. In the early 1900's the hudsons bay company set up http://www.toursexplore.com/tour139.html

Home Page International Destinations Canadian Destinations Book Your Tour ITINERARY HIGH ARCTIC DREAMS THE GREAT NORTHERN ARTS FESTIVAL Day 1 ARRIVE INUVIK (D) Arrive in Inuvik, the most northerly town in North America, and experience northern hospitality at it's finest, in one of our unique hotels. you will be greeted at the airport and provided with a town tour. Welcome Dinner. Accommodation at the Finto Hotel. Day 2 TUKTOYAKTUK (B,L) Travel from Inuvik to Tuktoyaktuk, an Inuit community on the shores of the Arctic Ocean. The distinct cultural groups in the region include the Inuvialuit (Eskimo) who live along the coastline of the Beaufort Sea and the Gwich'in who reside inland to the edge of the tree line. In Tuktoyaktuk you will stay with your host Inuvialuit family for 5-6 hours. Your guides will give you an extended tour of the community including interpretation on the community permafrost "Ice-House", and if possible a visit to the craft, carving and gift shop. Learn about the modern Inuvialuit and how they maintain their cultural ties to the past. At your host's home you will hear stories about life in the Arctic and enjoy a traditional meal of caribou soup & bannock. There will also be some time available looking for shorebirds or taking photographs on your own. Return to Inuvik. Accommodations at the Finto Hotel. Day 3 INUVIK/Victoria ISLAND (B,L,D)

29. Metis Links of metissage on the canada Tree Newsletter North American fur trade Conference Siteincludes conference subsidiary to the hudsons bay company including the http://www.othermetis.net/links/Metis.html

Last Modified June 17, 2002 Note: 1 All of the links below have been checked for viability as of June 1, 2001, and more than 100 dead links have been removed. U.S. section of Return to Links Screen To Site Listings To Welcome Screen To Contents Screen ... U V W XYZ Aboriginal Canada Portal Aboriginal Claims: Sahtu Dene ... Alexander Campbell's Account of the North West Rebellion of 1885 Alexander Campbell's 'An Account of the Advances of the 7th Fusiliers of London to aid in the suppression of the North West Resistance of 1885. Batoche National Historic Site, Canada Heritage Canada, Parks Canada site with an online tour of Batoche, the site of the final battle of the Riel Reistance. A Brief History of the Fur Trade A time line of the 250 years of the Fur Trade in North America. BNA Introduction Homepage of the Black Native American Association Listing for a book intro'ed by Berger. Canada Tree Newsletter Homepage Homepage for Canada Tree - A newsletter devoted to the exploration of Fur Trade Family history.

30. Métis L.I.N.K.S. In canada, Métis families and communities were identifiable Métis families followedthe fur trade to the In 1869, the hudsons bay company abandoned its claim http://www.metislinks.ca/heritage.html

We are a people of mixed North American Aboriginal and European ancestry. The Constitution Act, 1982 What Is Our History? What Are Our Traditions?

31. WorldBook General Reference Encyclopedia > History > United States > Westward Mo hudsons bay company , English corporation, formed in 1670, which held a by streamsflowing into Hudson bay in canada the West was Young fur trade and Mission http://surfablebooks.com/worldbookgeneral/History/United States/Westward Movemen

WorldBook General Reference Encyclopedia History United States Westward Movement ... Fur trade Fur trade Search the Web with WorldBook All of Surfable Books Match: All Any Boolean Documents 31 - 40 of 135 on the subject : Fur trade Add to my e-mail alerts Mitchell v. M.N.R. T-434-90 IN THE MATTER OF an Appeal pursuant to section 135 of the Customs Act , S.C. 1986, c. 1 and IN THE MATTER OF an Action for declaratory relief BETWEEN: GRAND CHIEF MICHAEL MITCHELL, also known as KANANTAKERON Plaintiff Found by: HotBot http://www.cmf.gc.ca/en/cf/1997/orig/html/1997fca21083.o.en.html WHO WERE THE TRAPPERS, TRADERS AND MOUNTAINMEN WHO WERE THE TRAPPERS, TRADERS AND MOUNTAINMEN COLORADOS EARLIEST NON-NATIVE VISITORS Early Spanish explorers are said to have visited this territory in the early 18th century searching for gold but they left no traces of any discoveries. Early 19t Found by: HotBot http://bvsd.k12.co.us/tag/mountainmen2.html Hudsons Bay Company, an Encarta Encyclopedia Article Titled "Hudsons Bay Company" Hudsons Bay Company , English corporation, formed in 1670, which held a monopoly over trade in the region watered by streams flowing into Hudson Bay in Canada. Charles II, king of England, granted the charter for the Found by: HotBot GORP - Grand Portage National Monument, Minnesota

32. Student Sites canada's Native Peoples http//collections.ic.gc.ca/heirloom_series/volume2/volume2.htm.The fur trade and the hudsons bay company -http//www.canadiana.org/hbc http://agassizsd.mb.ca/centennial/student.html

STUDENT SITES Search Engines Arctic Animals Australia ... Water SEARCH ENGINES: Yahooligans www.yahooligans.com Kids.Net.Au - http://www.kids.net.au/ Ask Jeeves For Kids http://www.ajkids.com/ KidsClick http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/KidsClick!/ ARCTIC: The Arctic Environment- http://watarts.uwaterloo.ca/ANTHRO/rwpark/ArcticArchStuff/Environment.html Arctic Wildlife Portfolios - http://www.mnh.si.edu/arctic/html/wildlife.html Inuit Myths- http://www.windows.ucar.edu/cgi-bin/tour_def/mythology/inuit_culture.html Joamie School Project- http://www.nunanet.com/~joamie/ The Nunavut Handbook- http://www.arctic-travel.com/ ANIMALS: Animals at Large- http://www.sandiegozoo.org/ Animal Bytes - http://www.seaworld.org/AnimalBytes/animal_bytes.html Animal Sounds- http://www.seaworld.org/soundlibrary/soundslibrary1.htm Animal Sound Clips - http://www.animalpicturesarchive.com/animal/SOUND/ The Bear Facts on Polar Bears - http://www.polarbearsalive.org/facts.htm The Bear Den http://exn.ca/bears/bears.cfm The Electronic Zoo- http://netvet.wustl.edu/e-zoo.htm The Wild Animal Fact Sheets- http://www.kidsplanet.org/factsheets/map.html

33. Records For Hofstaetter, Elfriede. (in MARION) Markham, Ont., canada New York, NY, USA Viking, 1985. London, The Hudson's BayCompany, 1920 fur trade and empire; George Simpson's journal entitled Remarks http://vax.vmi.edu/MARION/@HUDSONS BAY COMPANY/c26910008000/0

Hofstaetter, Elfriede. Not found or no more entries match key Back to Start

34. Fatal Passage: The Story Of John Rae, The Arctic Hero Time Forgot Rae was a doctor employed by the hudsons bay company. The HBC had been set upto exploit the vast fur trade in canada, and had outposts across the North. http://www.wkonline.com/a/Fatal_Passage_The_Story_of_John_Rae_the_Arctic_Hero_Ti

Book > Fatal Passage: The Story of John Rae, the Arctic Hero Time Forgot Fatal Passage: The Story of John Rae, the Arctic Hero Time Forgot by Authors: Kenneth McGoogan,Ken McGoogan Released: 10 March, 2002 ISBN: 0786709936 Hardcover Sales Rank: List price: Our price: You save: Fatal Passage: The Story of John Rae, the Arctic Hero Time Forgot > Customer Reviews: Average Customer Rating: Fatal Passage: The Story of John Rae, the Arctic Hero Time Forgot > Customer Review #1: Superman on snowshoes What kind of man, at 45 years of age, slogs 60 kilometres through a Canadian January to give a lecture on icebergs? The Victorian era has endured much hostile press in recent years. Cultural mores have been challenged, essential ideas decried as "social artefacts" and the reputations of heroic idols, nearly universally male, demolished as shams. Its become a novelty to encounter the celebratory resurrection of a forgotten icon. McGoogan relates the life and accomplishments of Scotsman John Rae, who joined a Hudsons Bay Company ship as surgeon, travelled to Canada in 1833 and remained for twelve years - on the first stay. McGoogan has surveyed many of the resources dealing with Arctic exploration, but Raes own accounts provide the essential framework for this compelling narrative. The book is nearly two stories in one: Raes ranging explorations along the Canadian Arctic coast, and the mysterious disappearance of the John Franklin expedition. McGoogan keeps this paired account nicely balanced until they merge to determine Raes future reputation.

35. Hunter, Robert westernmost settlements of canada for the fur trade. du globe terrestre dressee furles memoires hudsons bay company, containing the latest information which http://www.trentu.ca/library/archives/87-001.htm

TRENT UNIVERSITY ARCHIVES Fonds Level Description Hunter, Robert Lloyd, 1914-1986 TITLE Robert Lloyd Hunter collection. 1556-1881. 30.5 cm of textual records. BIOGRAPHY / HISTORY Robert Lloyd Hunter was born August 19, 1914 to Cecil Hunter and Josephine Sipprel. He went to Ridley College in St. Catharines, Ontario. He received a Bachelor of Commerce and Law Certificate from the University of Toronto and Osgoode Hall. From 1939 to 1942 he served as Lieutenant of the 7th Toronto Reserve Regiment and from 1942 to 1945 he served as Captain with the 26th Field Regiment. In 1944 he married Hope Hazen Mackay and they had three daughters. In 1947 he was called to the Bar in Ontario and from 1947 to 1950 he served as a soliciter with the firm of Fraser & Beatty in Toronto. Subsequently, he was Vice-President and Director of Pitfield, Mackay, Ross investment dealers. He was an avid collector of Canadiana (Taken from: "Who's Who in Canada." Volume 73). Robert Hunter died in 1986. CUSTODIAL HISTORY This collection was collected by and in the custody of Robert Lloyd Hunter before it was donated to the Trent University Archives.

36. FEDLINK Technical Notes entire corporate archives of the hudsons bay company, which the from contact betweenthe company and the and subarctic canada, the fur trade, and exploration http://www.loc.gov/flicc/tn/97/05/tn9705.html

FEDLINK Technical Notes May, 1997 Volume 15 Number 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIBRARIES AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: The 1997 Joint Spring Workshop TECH NEWS OCLC NEWS ... EDITORIAL STAFF Libraries and Information Technology: The 1997 Joint Spring Workshop Like Tracy and Hepburn in the 1957 film classic, "Desk Set", the annual Joint Spring Workshop, Desk Set 1997: Partnering with Information Systems, tackled the challenges of librarian and system manager relationships. Sponsored by the Special Libraries Association; the American Society for Information Science, Potomac Valley Chapter; CAPCON Library Network; the District of Columbia Library Association (DCLA); the Federal Library and Information Center Committee (FLICC); the Law Librarians Society; and Library Management Systems of Bethesda, Maryland, this years workshop delved into the complexities of reorganizing library personnel, collections, and technology. The success of any library re-engineering process depends on the relationships between librarians and the Management Information Systems Departments (MIS). This workshop identified the implications of these relationships and suggested team building solutions for the library environment. The four workshop sessions, Scene-Setter, Snapshots from the Field, Case Studies, and Career Profile, featured personal experiences of both librarians and MIS personnel and forecast what organizations may look for in the future. Scene-Setter Dr. Deborah Leather, Associate Vice President for Instructional Technologies and Dean of Library, Towson State University, set the stage for the workshop with the morning keynote address. She gave perspective into present and future library organizational structure and planned change as well as on an overview of current library issues and trends. According to Leather, the initial shock of the information explosion leaves libraries feeling that a technology driven environment is out of control. She countered those fears and produced a laundry list of trends libraries must follow to survive in the future.

37. Exploration, The Fur Trade And Hudson's Bay Company - L'Exploration, Le Commerce company maintained meticulous records of its three centuries of exploration through canada. Learn about the archives and research tools. bay company's (HBC) chief interests for its first two centuries were the fur trade, http://www.canadiana.org/hbc

38. Province Of Manitoba | Hudson's Bay Company Archives Founded in 1670, the Hudson's bay company's (HBC) chief its first two centuries werethe fur trade, exploration and into the Dominion of canada, its interests http://www.gov.mb.ca/chc/archives/hbca/

About HBCA Holdings Hours of Operation Where to Find Us ... Home Welcome to the website of one of Canada's national treasures, the Hudson's Bay Company Archives (HBCA). The HBCA offers a wealth of information on the human and natural history of western and northern Canada and the western USA. Whether you are an historian, genealogist, ethnologist, environmental scientist or land claims researcher, the HBCA may be able to help. Founded in 1670, the Hudson's Bay Company's (HBC) chief interests for its first two centuries were the fur trade, exploration and settlement. After 1870, when its territory of Rupert's Land was incorporated into the Dominion of Canada, its interests became more varied. Today, as Canada's largest non-food retailer, it is best known for its national chain of department stores, the Bay and Zellers HBC's head office is located in Toronto, Ontario. In 1994, the Company and the Province of Manitoba entered into an agreement by which the archives were donated to the Province. These records are now part of the Provincial Archives of Manitoba in Winnipeg. They are administered as a separate division of the archives called the Hudson's Bay Company Archives, Provincial Archives of Manitoba. The Company manages its corporate records to its ongoing activities in Toronto, Ontario. Whether you visit the archives in person, read documents on microfilm through inter-library loan, in Canada's

39. Fort Langley NHS - History Today, the hudsons' bay company still sells the point blankets. The first Hudson'sbay company point blankets were vast majority of the furtrade blankets were http://parkscan.harbour.com/fl/blankete.htm

Fort Langley National Historic Site The Hudsons' Bay Point Blankets in the Fur Trade Frieda Klippenstein Blankets were a very important item in the fur trade. The native peoples grew to value them for several reasons - they were warm, durable, lightweight, and easily sewn into capotes, mittens or leggings. The bright colours were popular, but the white blankets also sold well in the winter when they were useful for camouflage in the hunt. As for the traders, they were happy to see natives use blankets instead of animals skins, because they hoped more furs would then be given in trade, and more time freed to spend on trapping. Hudsons' Bay Company still sells the point blankets In his article, Charles Hanson Jr (1976) writes that point blankets are often referred to as "Hudson's Bay blankets," because the HBC has marketed them continuously since about 1780. However, he says, they didn't invent them. It appears that the French first sold "pointed blankets" and the HBC began ordering them in 1780 to better meet the competition from the Montreal traders. The HBC did especially well selling blankets because, as the fur trade correspondence shows, their specifications to the manufacturers came from the natives' own complaints and suggestions. The first Hudson's Bay Company point blankets were made in 1779 by Thomas Empson of Witney in Oxfordshire, and they have been manufactured in Whitney continuously to this day. The vast majority of the fur-trade blankets were hand-woven, as the power loom was not generally used until after 1850, and hand weavers were still active in many factories until 1900. The woven material was beaten with mallets (as in a felting process) to keep the blanket from shrinking.

40. Alberta: How The West Was Young - Fur Trade And Mission History - Resources & Li Rocky Mountain House National Historic Site (Parks canada). on the fort’s furtrade era significance Historic hudsons bay CompanyHistoric HBC Part of the http://collections.ic.gc.ca/Alberta/fur_trade/resources.html

Fur Trade and Mission History: Resources and Links: Fur Trade and Mission History Read Listen Sitemap Search Partners Help Archaeology and Pre-Contact First Nations and Métis Fur Trade and Mission History Home Email Us Feedback Heritage Community Foundation Resources and Links BOOKS Anderako, Mark. Historic Trails Alberta . Edmonton: Lone Pine Publishing, 1985. Campbell, Marjorie. The North West Company Davis, Richard C., Ed. Rupert’s Land: A Cultural Tapestry . The Calgary Institute for the Humanities. Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1988. Lower, Arthur J. Western Canada: An Outline History MacEwan, Grant J.W. A Short History of Western Canada . Toronto: McGraw – Hill, 1968. Thompson, John Herd. Forging the Prairie West . Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1998. WEBSITES Please note: These links are provided as further information but we are not responsible for the contents of or any products or services offered in such Third Party Sites.

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