1. ERC Organization , Contact info.......fossil fuels petroleum Engineering Petroleum reservoir engineering, gelation rheologyutilitization, reservoir simulation. Person, http://www.kgs.ukans.edu/ERC/ERCorg-5.html

Fossil Fuels: Petroleum Engineering Petroleum reservoir engineering, gelation rheology utilitization, reservoir simulation Person Description Contact info Donald Green dgreen@ku.edu Stan McCool TORP, chemical flooding of petroleum reservoirs, gelation rheology utilization mccool@ku.edu Rodney Reynolds TORP, field liaison engineer, assist oil and gas recovery in state rreynolds@ku.edu Shapour Vossoughi Chemical and Petroleum Engineering: Petroleum reservoir engineering shapour@ku.edu Paul Willhite Chemical and Petroleum Engineering: TORP, petroleum reservoir engineering, improved and enhanced oil recovery processes willhite@ ku .edu Capabilities Building Efficiency Basic Research in Energy Systems Physics, semiconductors, superconductors Microbiology Remediation, enhanced petroleum recovery Alternative Energy Solar, wind, fuel cells, thermal energy storage, biofuels, transportation alternatives, turbines Electrical Transmission Utility regulations, energy storage systems, structures in energy generation, cogeneration, incineration, VOC conversion, biomass, atmospheric deposition, particulates, consumer incentives Energy Policy Energy Environmental Policy, International Energy Policy, Law Administration, Natural resources, Economics, History, Geography

2. ERC Organization fossil fuels petroleum Geology Oil gas reservoirs, production statistics,well logging, geochemistry, fluid flow, probability methods in petroleum http://www.kgs.ukans.edu/ERC/ERCorg-4.html

Fossil Fuels: Petroleum Geology Person Description Contact info Pieter Berendsen Kansas Geological Survey: Geochemistry, fluid flow, petrography pieterb@kgs.ku.edu Tim Carr Kansas Geological Survey: Geology and geophysics of oil and gas reservoirs tcarr@kgs.ku.edu John Davis Kansas Geological Survey: Geostatistics, probability methods in petroleum exploration johndavis@ukans.edu John Doveton Kansas Geological Survey: Wireline geophysical logging, geostatistics doveton@kgs.ku.edu Paul Enos Dept. of Geology, carbonate reservoir characterization enos@ku.edu Evan Franseen Kansas Geological Survey: Carbonate petroleum reservoirs, sequence stratigraphy, sedimentology evanf@kgs.ku.edu Lee Gerhard Kansas Geological Survey: Carbonate reservoir characterization, Energy policy, national energy supply, energy and environment lgerhard@kgs.ku.edu Robert Goldstein Dept. of Geology, pore systems associated with oil and gas reservoirs gold@ku.edu Bill Guy Kansas Geological Survey: Wireline petrophysics logging and petrophysical reservoir bguy@kgs.ku.edu

3. Profiles--Fossil Fuels animals. These remains are millions of years old. There are threefossil fuels petroleum oil, natural gas, and coal. Fossil fuels http://www3.iptv.org/exploremore/energy/profiles/fossil_fuels.cfm

Fossil Fuels Biomass Fossil Fuels Uses Benefits Limitations Geography ... Wind Fossil fuels are energy resources that come from the remains of plants and animals. These remains are millions of years old. There are three fossil fuels: petroleum oil, natural gas, and coal. Above image courtesy EREN Uses Providing Electricity Fueling Transportation infrastructure Heating and Cooling Heating and cooling are also accomplished mainly through the use of fossil fuels like natural gas and oil. Regions of the country that experience harsh winters rely heavily on these fuels to heat their homes and businesses. Regions that stay temperate Benefits One of the biggest benefits of fossil fuels is their cost. Coal, oil and natural gas are abundant right now and relatively inexpensive to drill or mine for. In fact, coal is the most plentiful fossil fuel and it is found over much of the world. Because the costs are contained, electricity and fuels for transportation and heating are available to everyone. Limitations Nonrenewable Resource Fossil fuels are a nonrenewable resource. Fossil fuels take millions of years to develop under extreme conditions. Once they are gone, they can no longer be part of our energy mix.

4. UCEI: Energy Organizations By Subject Technology Center Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center fossil fuels petroleum.Australian Petroleum Cooperative Research Centre Chevron http://www.ucei.berkeley.edu/ucei/nrgorgs.html

University of California Energy Institute Energy Research Organizations and Information Sources (by subject) NOTE: This page is being updated. Many of the links are obsolete. See the list ordered by orgainzition, which has been updated. Energy Research Organizations and Information Sources (by organization) Links to lists of organizations and sources are shown in larger type . Information referenced is in English unless otherwise noted. Contents Comprehensive Energy Research Institutions and Information Sources Fossil fuels Fossil fuels: Petroleum Fossil fuels: Natural Gas Fossil fuels: Coal Fossil fuels: Geology, Geochemistry, Geophysics Fossil fuels: Conversion (including hydrogen from all sources) Nuclear Energy Nuclear Energy: Fission Nuclear Energy: Fusion Renewable Energy Sources (including Geothermal) Renewable Energy Sources: Photovoltaics Renewable Energy Sources: Solar Thermal Renewable Energy Sources: Hydropower Renewable Energy Sources: Biomass Renewable Energy Sources: Wind Geothermal Energy Combustion Electricity Energy Use Energy Use: Buildings (including passive solar) Energy Use: Industry Energy Use: Transportation Energy and the Environment Energy Policy Comprehensive Energy Research Institutions and Information Sources Ames Laboratory AOL NetFind: Energy WWW Index Argonne National Laboratory Energy Systems Division Energy Technology Division Technology Development Division Arizona State U.

5. Department Of Energy - Fossil Energy Home Page Part of the US Dept. of Energy. Offers info on its programs in areas such as coal and power, plus news, publications, statistics, and links. Oil/Gas R D fuels R D Oil Reserves Electricity awarded contracts to accelerate Strategic petroleum Reserve fill this spring. by the Office of fossil Energy, U.S. Department of http://www.fe.doe.gov/

SEARCH THIS SITE Oil Reserves Electricity Regulation Gas Regulation ... INDEX Click icon to report errors in data on this web site. Trapping Global Warming Gases in Old Oil Fields 1st Field Test to Study Feasibility in United States Underway in New Mexico Could depleted oil fields offer sites for sequestering greenhouse gas emissions? A field test in Hobbs, NM, could give scientists their first "real-life" indication of whether this approach can be a future option in President Bush's Global Climate Change Initiative. READ MORE READ MORE RECENT FOSSIL ENERGY NEWS ITEMS DOE Plans $1 Billion FutureGen Plant Abraham announces prototype plant to produce hydrogen, sequester carbon. Sequestration Leadership Forum DOE, State Dept. to set up global partnership for carbon sequestration. Cleaner Coal Power in Kansas Sunflower Electric Power joins with DOE to test new pollution controls. Virginia Plant to Recycle Coal Ash Universal Aggregates begins project to improve value of coal byproducts. New Clean Coal Projects DOE announces choices for 1st projects in President Bush's Clean Coal program. Ten New Oil Research Projects New projects emphasize fundamental research of new oil field concepts.

6. Culture Change - A Project Of The Sustainable Energy Institute The AutoFree Times magazine, called witty by the BBC's Educational Webguide, offers articles on roadfighting, alternative transportation, sustainable trade, and related issues such as petroleum dependence, overpopulation, and climate change. http://www.lesscars.org

A project of the Sustainable Energy Institute - Promoting eco-democracy since 1988 Home About SEI Donate Contact Via e-mail: Culture Change Letter subscribe index Culture Change print magazine issues: index Pedal Power solutions to petroleum dependence and polluting vehicles: Arcata Library Bikes Pedal Power Produce , and more! CAOE - Committee Against Oil Exploration - stop offshore oil drilling to protect sensitive habitats and cut petroleum dependence. Culture Change through music! The Depavers eco-rock! Take our Pledge for Climate Protection and let the beautiful earth provide for you. SEI hometown action! Arcata city council's proclamation against war on Iraq and Kyoto Protocol proclamation Fact Sheets Interviews Press Releases ... Links Donate Sustainable Energy institute needs your tax-deductible donation . Help support culture change! Long Distance New Institute of Petroleum hears Sustainable Energy message.

7. Fossils Into Fuels. Introduction Crude oil, natural gas and coal are fossil fuels. fossil fuels are very precious resources, not just because they are Careers in the petroleum industry. Using the esource http://www.schoolscience.co.uk/content/4/chemistry/fossils

Fossils into fuels Contents Foreword Crude oil, natural gas and coal are fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are very precious resources, not just because they are an important source of fuels. We can also make numerous organic chemicals from them, needed to make products such as paints, detergents, polymers (including plastics) cosmetics and some medicines. In this electronic resource (e-source) you will find out about: the many uses of oil and gas where they come from how they are found how they are extracted and transported how they are refined, processed and delivered how the oil and gas industry looks after the environment careers in the oil and gas industry. Contents Introduction Sources of crude oil and natural gas Looking to the future Careers in the petroleum industry Using the e-source There are a number of interactive features in this e-source: A glossary of terms : any word with a glossary entry is highlighted like that. Clicking on the word will open a new window with a definition of that word. Quick questions : at the end of each page is a quick question to test your understanding of that page. Type in your own answer then click on the button to show the answer that experts would give.

8. The Energy Story - Chapter 8: Fossil Fuels - Coal, Oil And Natural Gas The Energy Story is a general introduction to energy. Chapters explore renewable energy, fossil fuels, electricity, circuits and many other things. There are three major forms of fossil fuels coal, oil and natural gas. it and it eventually over millions of years turned into coal, oil or petroleum, and natural gas. http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/story/chapter08.html

Chapter 8: Fossil Fuels - Coal, Oil and Natural Gas Where Fossil Fuels Come From There are three major forms of fossil fuels: coal, oil and natural gas. All three were formed many hundreds millions of years ago before the time of the dinosaurs - hence the name fossil fuels. The age they were formed is called the Carboniferous period. It was part of the Paleozoic Era. "Carboniferous" gets its name from carbon the basic element in coal and other fossil fuels. The Carboniferous Period occurred from about 360 to 286 million years ago. At the time, the land was covered with swamps filled with huge trees, ferns and other large leafy plants, similar to the picture above. The water and seas were filled with algae - that green stuff that forms on a pool of water. Algae is actually millions of very small plants. Some deposits of coal can be found during the time of the dinosaurs. For example, thin carbon layers can be found during the late Cretacious period (65 million years ago) - during the time of Tyrannosaurus Rex

9. DOE-Fossil Energy: Education - Frequently Asked Questions What are fossil fuels and why are they called that? The most commonfossil fuels are coal, oil (also called petroleum) and natural gas. http://www.fe.doe.gov/education/gen_questions.html

Frequently Asked Questions What are "fossil fuels" and why are they called that? The most common fossil fuels are coal, oil (also called petroleum) and natural gas. Some other fuels, like oil shale and peat (a very young form of coal), also are part of the fossil fuel family. These fuels were formed millions of years ago from plants and animals that died and decomposed beneath tons of soil and rock. At the same time (and for millions of years afterward), ancient plants and animals left their outlines in mud which later dried and solidified into rocks. These outlines, along with hardened bone fragments from the prehistoric animals, are called "fossils." [More information on how fossil fuels were created] Why did some decaying material become coal while other ancient material became oil and natural gas? Coal was formed from plant debris while natural gas and oil were formed from tiny organisms that settled to the bottom of ancient seas and rivers. Differences in temperatures and pressures, along with the amount of time the organisms decayed underground, typically determined whether oil or natural gas was formed. Generally, where the underground temperature was hotter or the pressures were the greatest, natural gas formed. How much buried plant matter did it take to make coal?

10. HydrogenSource - Technology A fuel processing system converts hydrocarbon or other organic fuels to hydrogen of composition and purity suitable for fuel cell operation. The fuels include petroleum derived liquids, such as naphtha and gasoline, petroleum derived gases, such as methane and propane, and other fuel such as methanol and ethanol. http://www.hydrogensource.com/technology.html

Fueling the Future TM The Technology What is a fuel processing system? What is a fuel cell? What is a fuel processing system? A fuel processing system converts hydrocarbon or other organic fuels to hydrogen of composition and purity suitable for fuel cell operation. The fuels include petroleum derived liquids, such as naphtha and gasoline, petroleum derived gases, such as methane and propane, and other fuel such as methanol and ethanol. The product hydrogen gas must be supplied at temperature, humidity and purity level determined by the type of fuel cell using the hydrogen. The conversion process is carried out in a fuel processing train. The "train" is a series of chemical reactors which sequentially effect changes to the fuel to bring it to fuel cell requirements. One of the most critical steps in the process train is the step to remove sulfur from the source fuel. Reducing the fuel sulfur content to very low levels, parts per billion, makes the subsequent processing steps easier and insures high product purity. The second step in the train is the primary conversion step. Here the source fuel is broken down and a product is produced which is primarily hydrogen, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. The composition at this point depends on the primary process. It may be catalytic steam reforming, autothermal reforming, partial oxidation or other processes. When reforming is used steam is supplied to the reactor to enhance the quantity of hydrogen produced. Partial oxidation requires no steam but produces less hydrogen per unit of fuel than the reforming processes.

11. Energy Matters: Fossil Fuels - Petroleum Home. fossil fuels. petroleum Contents http://hyperion.advanced.org/20331/types/fossil/petrol.html

Fossil Fuels Fossil Fuels Fission Hydroelectric Biomass ... Fusion Petroleum Contents The Retrieval of Petroleum Uses and Availability Petroleum Petroleum, or "crude oil," is a liquid fuel that is present in various locations throughout the world. It has many uses, from the generation of electricity to the manufacture of medicines, plastics, and other commercial items. Much like coal, petroleum is formed from the remains of biodegraded organic material. When animals that lived in the sea millions of years ago died underwater, their remains were gradually covered by layers of very fine dirt known as "silt" on the ocean floor. Then, as the years passed, pressure from the layers built up and compressed the organic material, forming the oil. Petroleum has many different "viscosities," or thicknesses. The viscosity depends on the amount of gases and solids that are present in the oil. Often, natural gas is disolved in the liquid and can be extracted for other uses. Petroleum take three main forms: paraffin, asphaltic, and mixed-base. These forms are based upon the chemical makeup of the hydrocarbon-based oil. Home Search Credits Help ... Next Section: Retrieval of Petroleum

12. Energy Matters: Fossil Fuels - Uses And Availability Of Petroleum Home. fossil fuels. Uses and Availability of petroleum and Its Products.Before the current uses of petroleum were discovered, its http://hyperion.advanced.org/20331/types/fossil/petroluses.html

Fossil Fuels Fossil Fuels Fission Hydroelectric Biomass ... Fusion Uses and Availability of Petroleum and Its Products Before the current uses of petroleum were discovered, its main applications were waterproofing and light emission. In the mid-1800s, it was found that a liquid fuel called "kerosene" could be isolated from crude oil. Kerosene was important because it was used a great deal for lighting purposes during the rest of the 19th century. During the industrial revolution of the late 1890s, new energy sources were required to fuel the innovations constantly being discovered. Thus, people began to experiment with crude oil's other properties. Distilled petroleum began to overtake coal as the primary heating fuel. Furthermore "gasoline," a fuel that could be distilled from crude oil, took on central importance in industrialized societies because of the inventions of the automobile and the internal combustion engine. Furthermore, the development of electricity around the turn of the century increased demand for fuels that could be burned to power generators, thus increasing demand for petroleum. Petroleum can also be directly combusted to heat houses and other buildings. Unfortunately, because crude oil contains a number of impurities such as sulfur and nitrogen, its combustion can contribute to pollution and the greenhouse effect.

13. Fossil Fuels fossil fuels. petroleum and natural gas of marine origin http://www.chemistry.uq.edu.au/homepages/bernhardt/lectures/chem3005_pb_lect2.pd

14. Culture Change - A Project Of The Sustainable Energy Institute fossil fuels Policy Action) by an energy analyst who published the Lundberg Letteron oil industry trends. We demonstrate alternatives to sprawl and petroleum http://www.culturechange.org/

A project of the Sustainable Energy Institute - Promoting eco-democracy since 1988 Home About SEI Donate Contact Via e-mail: Culture Change Letter subscribe index Culture Change print magazine issues: index Pedal Power solutions to petroleum dependence and polluting vehicles: Arcata Library Bikes Pedal Power Produce , and more! CAOE - Committee Against Oil Exploration - stop offshore oil drilling to protect sensitive habitats and cut petroleum dependence. Culture Change through music! The Depavers eco-rock! Take our Pledge for Climate Protection and let the beautiful earth provide for you. SEI hometown action! Arcata city council's proclamation against war on Iraq and Kyoto Protocol proclamation Fact Sheets Interviews Press Releases ... Links Donate Sustainable Energy institute needs your tax-deductible donation . Help support culture change! Long Distance New Institute of Petroleum hears Sustainable Energy message.

15. CREDO Petroleum Corporation CREDO petroleum Corporation CREDO petroleum believes strongly in fossil fuels It explores for, produces, and markets natural gas and crude oil in the US Midcontinent and Rocky Mountain regions. Concentrating on shallow and mediumdepth properties ( http://redirect-west.inktomi.com/click?u=http://wwvv.hoovers.com/hoovers_capsule

16. PrePRINT Network Fossil Fuels - Energy, Science, And Technology Preprints - US D fossil fuels. Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, TH Huxley Schoolof Environment, Earth Sciences and Engineering, petroleum Engineering http://www.osti.gov/preprints/fossilfuels.html

Fossil Fuels Collections: California at Berkeley, University of, Department of Materials Science and Mineral Engineering Engineering, Geoscience Group Colorado School of Mines, Reservoir Characterization Project (RCP) Columbia University, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, 4D Seismic Program Darmstadt, Technische Universität - Fachgebiet Energie- und Kraftwerkstechnik ... Western Michigan University - Michigan Basin Core Research Laboratory Preprints Provided by Individual Scientists: Bannwart, Antonio Carlos - Departamento de Energia, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", Brazil Bayless, David J.- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ohio University Blanchard, Roger D. - Department of Chemistry, Northern Kentucky University Buckley, Jill S.- Petrophysics and Surface Chemistry, New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology ... Zevenhoven, Ron - Abo Akademi University Finland * This site is not searchable via our search engine, but it is included here for your information. We welcome suggestions for additional preprint sites. If you are aware of a site we have not included, please submit via the

17. EnergyFiles: Fossil Fuels - Related Resources EnergyFiles fossil fuels. American petroleum Institute The major national tradeassociation representing the entire petroleum industry exploration and http://www.osti.gov/EnergyFiles/Fossil/related.html

EnergyFiles: Fossil Fuels Related Resources Organizations and Agencies Reference Materials Standards Organizations and Agencies American Gas Association - A trade association composed of about 300 natural gas distribution, transmission, gathering and marketing companies in North America American Petroleum Institute - The major national trade association representing the entire petroleum industry: exploration and production, transportation, refining, and marketing Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) - EPRI's home page containing organizational and business group information International Energy Agency (IEA) - Information on publications, technology and statistics from the IEA National Petroleum Council - An Oil and Natural Gas Advisory Committee to the Secretary of Energy Society of Petroleum Engineers - Home page for the society; contains information on publications, events, and the petroleum industry U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Fossil Energy - The Office of Fossil Energy manages a national technology program to increase natural gas and petroleum supplies and provide cleaner, more efficient ways to use coal and natural gas to generate electricity Reference Materials A New Approach to Estimating Hydrocarbon Resources - A U.S. Geological Survey fact sheet on estimating the amount and distribution of hydrocarbon resources

18. Professor Quester Answers - Fossil Fuels and coal that's why they're called fossil fuels) were formed want to be technicallycorrect, all fuels come from from oil seeps or surface petroleum deposits http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/ask_quester/answers_fossil_fuels.html

Professor Quester Answers Questions on Fossil Fuels Dear Professor Quester: Which energy source, fossil fuel or uranium, will we run out of first? What are some advantages and disadvantages of both? (Sean, 8th grade, Monguagon Middle School, Trenton, Michigan) The Professor Answers: We'll probably run out of fossil fuels first. During the 20th century, energy has become more easily available, especially from fossil fuels. Not only do countries depend on burning fossil fuels to generate electricity but they are used in vehicles. Each year, more oil, coal and natural gas are found. How long will the reserves of fossil fuels last? In 1960, 40 billion tons of oil and gas were known to exist. At that rate they were being used across the world, the reserve was estimated to last about 40 years. By 1990, more gas and oil had been discovered (estimated about 142 billion tons of known reserves), but the rate at which it was used had also increased. Estimates of reserves are said to last between 40 and 70 years at the rate of current use. The developed nations of the world use fossil fuels at an incredible rate, mostly for transportation and to generate electricity. Nuclear power is being used in increasing amounts to help satisfy the huge demand for energy. The nuclear fuels could last many hundreds of years, even if demand increases.

19. Ansidocstore: Department: 'ASTM International: Petroleum Products, Lubricants, A ASTM International petroleum Products, Lubricants, and fossil fuels AmericanSociety for Testing and Materials (ASTM International) Standards. http://webstore.ansi.org/ansidocstore/dept.asp?dept_id=1585

20. International Energy-Related Environmental Information International Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Consumption and Flaringof fossil fuels (petroleum, Natural Gas, and Coal) Data. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/international/environm.html

xxxxx EIA Home Page International Home Page International Energy-Related Environmental Information Page Search EIA: by International Energy- Related Environmental Information Carbon Dioxide Emissions Environmental Briefs Environmental Analyses Climate Change Analyses ... Return to Energy Information Administration Home Page International Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Consumption and Flaring of Fossil Fuels Information Data Forecasts Analyses International Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Consumption and Flaring of Fossil Fuels (Petroleum, Natural Gas, and Coal) Data Note: To read reports in PDF format, click HERE to download a free copy of Adobe Acrobat Reader Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Consumption of Petroleum, Natural Gas, Coal, and the Flaring of Natural Gas, By Region with Selected Countries and World Total, 1992-2001 (Million (10 ) Metric Tons Carbon Equivalent) [ html ] or [ PDF Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Consumption of Petroleum, Natural Gas, Coal, and the Flaring of Natural Gas, All Countries, 1980-2001 (Million (10 ) Metric Tons Carbon Equivalent) [ xls Per Capita (Person) Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Consumption of Petroleum, Natural Gas, and Coal, and the Flaring of Natural Gas, All Countries, 1980-2001 (Million (10

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