21. FBL-Forensic Entomology Short sequences (166304 bp) such as are likely to be obtained fromdegraded forensic specimens were then added to the data base. http://www.dpo.uab.edu/~jwells/mtDNA.htm

Image courtesy of Mark Wilson, Federal Bureau of Investigation Mitochondria are the cellular organelles that carry out oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). They are believed to be descended from free living bacteria, and still have their own DNA. It appears that mitochondria throughout the living world came from a single cell that set up shop within another cell (endosymbiosis) very early in the history of life (see Science Vol. 283, pp.1476-1481). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contains some, but not all, of the information needed to make and operate a mitochondrion. The organization of the molecule is very simple compared to nuclear DNA (nDNA). The typical animal mtDNA is a circular molecule about 16.5 kilobases in length, a tiny amount compared to the approximately 3 billion base pairs in human nuclear DNA. It includes about 37 genes (22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs, and 13 peptides), with very little inter-genic sequence and no introns. The only non-coding region of any size is called the CONTROL REGION (CR) or D-LOOP in vertebrates, and the

22. Forensic Science Resources In A Criminal Fact Investigation forensic entomology Smith, A Manual of forensic entomology, ( British NaturalHistory Museum, London 1992). EVIDENCE BASED ON BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES http://www.tncrimlaw.com/forensic/fsbiblio.htm

Forensic Science Resources in a Criminal Fact Investigation What's New Submit a Title for the Bibliography Index BASIC FORENSIC SCIENCE REFERENCE LIBRARY Forensic Science Applications to the Investigation and Preparation of a Criminal Case Scientific Evidence Michie Co. , Charlottesville, VA: 1993) Foundation Press , Mineola, N.Y.: 1993) Forensic Medicine and Pathology Adelson, The Pathology of Homicide Charles C. Thomas , Springfield, IL: 1974) Modern Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Forensic Science , (F. A. Davis Co., Philadelphia: 1980) Medicolegal Investigation of Death: Guidelines for the Application of Pathology to Crime Investigation , (3rd Edition) ( Charles Thomas , Springfield, IL: 1993) DiMaio, Gun Shot Wounds CRC Press , Boca Raton, FA, 1992) The Johns Hopkins Atlas of Human Functional Anatomy, ( Johns Hopkins University Press , Baltimore: 1977) Criminalistics: Questioned Documents; Physical Anthropology; Odontology; Engineering Sciences Prentice-Hall , Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: 1982, 1988, 1994) Wecht, Forensic Sciences , Vols. 1-3, ( Matthew Bender , New York: 1995) Crime Scene Search and Investigation Techniques of Crime Scene Investigation , (Fifth Edition) ( CRC Press , Boca Raton, FL: 1992) Swanson, Chamelin, and Territo, Criminal Investigation, (Sixth Edition) (

23. Ecdp0030 - Forensic Entomology - The Use Of Insects In Death Investigations forensic entomology THE USE OF INSECTS IN DEATH INVESTIGATIONS. Home.FUNCTIONAL COMPETENCIES. Acquiring and Analyzing Information http://www.rcmp-learning.org/docs/ecdd0030.htm

FORENSIC ENTOMOLOGY: THE USE OF INSECTS IN DEATH INVESTIGATIONS FUNCTIONAL COMPETENCIES A cquiring and Analyzing Information - Conducting Investigations and Collecting Evidence [Collecting Information] P artnership - Inter/Intra-Agency and Multi-Disciplinary Cooperation [Partners] TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Procedure Collecting, Preserving and Packing Specimens Other Uses For Insects In Forensic Science INTRODUCTION Forensic (or medico-legal) entomology is the study of the insects associated with a human corpse in an effort to determine elapsed time since death. Insect evidence may also show that the body has been moved to a second site after death, or that the body has been disturbed at some time, either by animals, or by the killer returning to the scene of the crime. However, the primary purpose of forensic entomology today is to determine elapsed time since death. Forensic entomology was first reported to have been used in 13th Century China and was used sporadically in the 19th Century and the early part of the 20th Century, playing a part in some very major cases. However, in the last 15 years, forensic entomology has become more and more common in police investigations. Most cases that involve a forensic entomologist are 72 h or more old, as up until this time, other forensic methods are equally or more accurate than the insect evidence. However, after three days, insect evidence is often the most accurate and sometimes the only method of determining elapsed time since death.

24. Forensic Entomology The Testimony of Bugs forensic entomology A Technical Report on the Increasing Useof Insects to Aid Legal Investigations. Introduction to forensic entomology. http://www.main.com/~brad/techrep/techrep.htm

The Testimony of Bugs Forensic Entomology A Technical Report on the Increasing Use of Insects to Aid Legal Investigations. Brad Wager August 12, 1997 (I have removed the class name, professor's name, and academic institution.) Investigators are slowly becoming more and more aware of the invaluable contributions made by the silent testimony of insects. This report focuses on the growing area of Forensic Entomology. Insects found at the crime scene, traditionally ignored and considered a nuisance to investigators, are now being studied using new technologies to provide valuable clues to legal investigations of death. This report also touches on some broader areas of this previously overlooked field of science. Executive Summary Because of advancements in technology and increasing knowledge of science, investigators are applying new techniques to find previously unseen clues. Although a grim subject matter, the study of insect infestation and behavior has recently come into prominence as valid scientific data. This report introduces Forensic Entomology and discusses its early history. Information about what an investigator can determine from insect clues is also presented, with most of the discussion being centered around the blowfly-maggot life cycle.

25. Kruglick's Forensic Entomology Links Personal Stuff. Email Us. The Firm. Kruglick Law Offices. forensic entomology Links.Bibliography Return to Index. Articles on forensic entomology. Bug hype. http://www.kruglaw.com/f_entomology.htm

Site Links Personal Stuff Kruglick Law Offices Forensic Entomology Links Bibliography Return to Index Articles on Forensic Entomology Bug hype ... Colorado State University's Department of Entomology Directory of World Wide Forensic Entomologists Entomology Links Around the Web FBL-Forensic Entomology Forensic ... Iowa State University's Department of Entomology Michigan State University's Entomology Page Surf to: Forensic Entomology Univ of Alabama FBL-Forensic Entomology University of Missouri at Columbia's Department of Entomology WWW Entomology Resources TOP of PAGE

26. Forensic Entomology: What The Blowfly Saw forensic entomology What the Blowfly Saw. Grade Level 6 10. For moreinformation on this topic, visit the forensic entomology website. http://ousd.k12.ca.us/~codypren/forensic.html

Text Links: Home Lesson Plans Humor Teacher Inquiry ... Links Feedback is invited: Email me! Forensic Entomology: What the Blowfly Saw Grade Level: Subject: Biology/entomology Objectives: Extracting factual information from text. Making logical deductions from information presented. Procedure: Have the students read the paragraph below, then fill in the table indicating when the three insects arrive or leave the body. They should then write a paragraph of their own explaining when the Marine died, and how they know. Type of Insect When they arrive/leave What they prove Hairy maggot blowflies Cheese skippers Soldier flies Put the above information together. How long ago did the Marine die? How do you know? The quotes and information above are from an article, by Jessica Snyder Sachs, titled "Maggot for the Prosecution," in the November, 1998, Discover magazine. For more information on this topic, visit the Forensic Entomology website. For other insect sites, go to my

27. Crime Scene Investigation Books--Forensic Entomology Crime Scene Investigation Books. forensic entomology. cover, ForensicEntomology The Utility of Arthropods in Legal Investigations http://www.crime-scene-investigator.net/entomology-books.html

Crime Scene Investigation Books Forensic Entomology Forensic Entomology: The Utility of Arthropods in Legal Investigations by Jason H. Byrd (Editor), James L. Castner (Editor) (September 26, 2000) Insects and other anthropods found at a death scene can provide corroborating evidence regarding both the time and place of death as well as possible antimortem and postmortem treatment of the victim. Nevertheless, most forensic investigators are not specially trained in entomology, and until now, no entomology reference has fully explored these subjects. Forensic Entomology: The Utility of Anthropods in Legal Investigations usurps this void, instructing even individuals without a background in entomology on what to search for when recovering entomological evidence at a crime scene. A Fly for the Prosecution : How Insect Evidence Helps Solve Crimes by M. Lee Goff (May 31, 2000) Entomology and Death, a Procedural Guide by Neal Haskell (Editor), E. Paul Catts (Editor) (December 1990) Return to the Main Bookstore Page Crime Scene Investigation Books Ballistics Bloodstain Courtroom Testimony Crime Lab ... Forensic Anthropology Forensic Entomology Forensic Photography Forensic ScienceGeneral General Reading/General Information High Tech Crimes ... Writing and Research Questions about how your order will be handled?

28. About Forensic Entomology About forensic entomology lHome l About forensic entomology l Guidelinesl Services l Published Articles l Urban Entomology l Contact Usl http://www.insectinvestigations.com/aboutfe.htm

About Forensic Entomology l Home l About Forensic Entomology l Guidelines l Services l Published Articles l Urban Entomology l Contact Us l Forensic entomology is legal application of the science of entomology. Entomology is the study of insects, often includ ing spiders an d other arthropods. Forensics encompasses both civil and criminal areas of law. Photographs: Bluebottle blow fly (top left) courtesy of John Mitchell (see Urban Entomology page), working in the lab (below), Silpha sp. carrion beetle (bottom left), Mediterranean flour moth ( Anagasta kuehniella ), bottom right). In certain cases of suspicious death,the length of time that insects have colonised remains is useful to police investigations in helping to determine time of death. It is the mandate of the Provincial Coroners Office to determine time of death but, through pathology, they are unable to scientifically estimate beyond a certain postmortem period. In such cases, insects may become evidence and assist in determining time of death. This is based on the length of time that certain insect species, often species of blow fly, have colonised the remains. Blow flies are the insects of primary significance because the time they begin to colonise remains is often approximately consistent with the time of death. The forensic application of entomology has a long, although sporadic written history reaching back to 13

29. The Scientist - Where The Bugs Are: Forensic Entomology 3, 2001, NEWS. Where the Bugs Are forensic entomology. Creepy critters help tolead investigators to the criminal's door. Tools and Clues in forensic entomology. http://www.the-scientist.com/yr2001/sep/lewis_p10_010903.html

The Scientist 15[17]:10, Sep. 3, 2001 NEWS Where the Bugs Are: Forensic Entomology Creepy critters help to lead investigators to the criminal's door E-mail article By Ricki Lewis Courtesy of Richard W. Merritt Strong Stomachs Required: Forensic entomologists routinely encounter grim scenes in their line of work. To watch the X-Files' Dana Scully probe corpses, you'd think that every physician and scientist is expert in reading clues in maggot patterns. Not so. The American Board of Forensic Entomology (ABFE) lists just eight members; a total of 63 professionals practice this science worldwide. Forensic entomology is the study of arthropods, used to solve matters of legal interest, most often of a criminal nature. "It's mostly a repeated tale of human tragedy combined with some remarkable insect ecology," says Jeffrey Wells , assistant professor, department of justice sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham. Use of forensic entomology is spotty, compared to routine procedures such as ballistics or blood spatter, hair, and fiber analyses. "It depends on the area and the police force. Here in British Columbia it is pretty routine," explains Gail S. Anderson

30. Forensic Entomology Insect Types. Scarabinidae. Scarabinidae. Dermestid beetle larva (dorsal). Dermestidbeetle (dorsal). Staphylinidae. Staphylinidae. Dermestid larva. Dermestid. Fly pupa. http://medlib.med.utah.edu/kw/osteo/forensics/entomology/types.html

Insect Types Scarabinidae Scarabinidae Dermestid beetle larva (dorsal) Dermestid beetle (dorsal) Staphylinidae Staphylinidae Dermestid larva Dermestid Fly pupa Various stages of maggot development Coleoptera Coleoptera Dermestid Dermestid Flea larva Fly mass Flea larva Fly Scarabaeidae Second, third instar maggot Third instar maggot First instar maggot Third instar Chrysomya rufifacies

31. Forensic Entomology http://medlib.med.utah.edu/kw/osteo/forensics/entomology/entomology.html

32. Mark Benecke: Forensic Entomology - Insekten Auf Leichen http://www.uni-koeln.de/~akr05/maden.html

Forensic Entomology Rechtsmedizinisch-kriminalistisch angewandte Insektenkunde by Mark Benecke Go to Arcticles written by MB Go to Articles written about MB Go to Choice of articles written by MB/Artikel von MB Six forensic entomology cases : description and commentary (from: Journal of Forensic Sciences) Maggots Tell All (or: How to become a Forensic Entomologist ) (from: Science/nextwave.org) Antworten auf Random Amplified Polymporphic DNA (RAPD) typing of necrophageous insects (Diptera, Coleoptera) in criminal forensic studies: validation and use in praxi (from: Forensic Science International) Rechtsmedizinisch angewandte kerb- und spinnentierkundliche Begutachtungen (Forensic Entomology) in Europa Some bugs feeding on corpses (aus: ZEIT) zur Forensischen Entomologie um die Wende zum 20. Jahrhundert (mit Marcel Leclercq. Aus: Rechtsmedizin) Forensische Zoologie. Fliegen, Algen und Schnecken als Hilfsmittel und Gegenstand kriminalistischer und gerichtsmedizinischer Untersuchungen (aus: Kriminalistik) Detektive nutzen sechs- und achtbeinige Helfer.

33. Gordon's Forensic Entomology Page Click Here. forensic entomology. forensic entomology is a relatively newscience, one still developing much of its arsenal of understanding. http://www.earthlife.net/insects/forensic.html

Forensic Entomology Forensic entomology is the use of insects and our knowledge of their life cycles to assist in investigations into crimes, normally those involving death of a human being though it has been used to reinstate an unfairly sacked worker and in investigations into drug trafficking. As such it inevitably involves looking at a lot of dead, sometimes long dead, bodies. As well as acquiring an in-depth knowledge of the life cycles and interactions between the insects and other arthropods that are attracted to dead bodies. Generally the most important contribution to an investigation be a Forensic Entomologist is to accurately determine the post-mortem interval, i.e. the time between when the person died and when the body was found, or when the Forensic Entomologist arrived on the scene. Forensic entomology works because the species of flies and beetles and other arthropods involved are attracted to a dead body at relatively specific times after its death. These times relate to the state of decomposition and are therefore related to not only time of death but also the environmental parametres in force at the time. Also these insects come to the corpse to lay eggs, these eggs develop into larvae which have life cycles involving several instars and a pupae all with predictable growth rates for known temperatures. Because we are dealing with real living things here there is a certain amount of variability but given several species to cross check with and with accurate knowledge of the temperature ranges and humidity effecting the area around the corpse surprisingly accurate (often to within one or two hours) estimates of the time of death can be made.

34. Forensic Entomology Shelf - Forensic Science Bookstore / © 1996 - 2003 Knowledg Entomology and Death, a Procedural Guide by Neal Haskell (Editor) Spiral BoundPublished by forensic entomology Associates Publication date Dec 1990. http://www.corpus-delicti.com/entomology.html

New Books: Used Books: Entomology by H. Steven Dashefsky Paperback, 192 pages Published by Tab Books Publication date: January 1,1994 Synopsis : This valuable educational guide presents environmentally sensitive experiments in insect behavior, form, function, and ecology. Ideal for competitions or for science assignments, Entomology provides expert project development tips for students. Young Adult. Entomology and Death, a Procedural Guide by Neal Haskell (Editor) Spiral Bound Published by Forensic Entomology Associates Publication date: Dec 1990 A Fly for the Prosecution: How Insect Evidence Helps Solve Crimes by M. Lee Goff, Amy Bartlett Wright (Illustrator) Hardcover, 224 pages Published by Harvard Univ Pr Publication date: May 2000 Forensic Entomology: The Utility of Arthropods in Legal Investigations by Jason H. Byrd (Editor), James L. Castner (Editor) Hardcover, 456 pages Published by CRC Press Publication date: September 26, 2000

35. Entomology WWW: Entomology Topics: Forensics forensic entomology. American Board of forensic entomology; Directoryof World Wide Forensic Entomologists by Morten Stærkeby; Factors http://www.isis.vt.edu/~fanjun/text/fore.html

Forensic Entomology Home Other Topics American Board of Forensic Entomology Directory of World Wide Forensic Entomologists by Morten Stærkeby Factors Affecting the Accurate Estimation of Postmortem Interval By Forensic Entomologists by Michelle Sulz Forensic Archaeology by James Batchelor Forensic Entomology Jason H. Byrd, University of Florida The Forensic / Entomology Bookstore by Morten Stærkeby Forensic Entomology - designed to teach police officers and homicide investigators by Stephen W. Bullington Forensic Entomology Pages, International by Morten Stærkeby Forensic Entomology by Ian Dadour and David Cook Forensic Insect Identification Cards by James L. Castner ... Forensics on Yahoo Forensic entomology at Penn State University Forensic Science Reference Page National Fish and Wildlife Service Forensics Laboratory Forensic Science Resources (Entomology) R. Scott Carpenter The Forensic Science Resource Guide to a Criminal Fact Investigation: Forensic Entomology Rhodes University Forensic Entomology Course Martin Villet Yahoo's Forensic Entomology Page Zeno's Forensic Page URL: http://www.isis.vt.edu/~fanjun/text/fore.html

36. Rhodes University Forensic Entomology Course examination. Tutorial 2 DOMESTIC forensic entomology. In Entomology pp.616618. Tutorial 3 COMMERCIAL INDUSTRIAL forensic entomology. http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/forensic_ent.html

Rhodes University ENT302: Forensic Entomology Lecturer: Martin H. Villet (M.Villet@ru.ac.za) OVERVIEW Tutorial 1: Introduction Tutorial 2: Domestic Forensic Entomology General Psychological Conditions Tutorial 4: Medico-criminal Forensic Entomology Practical 1 Practical 2 Practical 3 References Directory of Forensic Entomologists General Forensic Science Tutorial 1: INTRODUCTION Forensic science deals with facts that may be used as legal evidence. Forensic entomology specifically deals with the study of insects and related arthropods in relation to legal evidence. It is the study of insects and other arthropods for the purpose of uncovering information useful to a legal investigation. Three broad categories of forensic entomology have been defined: domestic, commercial and industrial, and medico-criminal. Civil litigation usually involves the first two categories. Domestic cases involve insect pests and pesticides in homes and gardens Commercial and industrial cases include any cases of insects in commercial and industrial products, such as cockroach parts in chocolate and spiders in tissue paper, and the monitoring of commercial and industrial pollution using insects as bioindicators Medico-criminal cases are generally part of criminal investigations, and therefore enjoy disproportionate publicity.

37. Blowflies, Forensic Entomology, forensic entomology is the study of evidence gained from insects.According Scope and applications of forensic entomology. Annual http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Kirstin/kirstin.html

Spatial and temporal variation in the occurrence of blowflies of forensic importance Kirstin Williams , Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa BACKGROUND The term "forensics" has to do with any form of evidence. Forensic entomology is the study of evidence gained from insects. According to Keh (1985) , the term "forensic entomology" is applied to the study of insects associated with certain suspected criminal events for the purpose of uncovering information useful to an investigation. However, forensic entomology can also apply to non-criminal events such as urban and stored-product situations. The field of forensic entomology is young in southern Africa, but this is changing rapidly, and entomological evidence has led to the conviction of local murderers ( Gunnell, 2000 Lucilia cuprina Photograph courtesy of Hamish Robertson, South African Museum The idea behind forensic entomology is that different insects colonize carcasses at different stages of decomposition. By identifying the insects present in and on a carcass and what stage of development they are in, it is possible to predict the time of death with a certain degree of accuracy. However, there are a number of conditions that have to be taken into account such as temperature, humidity, rain and geographic location ( Smith, 1986

38. Forensic Entomology Phone 570.398.1561 Fax 570.398.5089. forensic entomology. We Objectives To know the three basic fields of forensic entomology. - To http://www.jsasd.k12.pa.us/lgasperine2/forensic_entomology.htm

J ERSEY S HORE A REA S CHOOL D ISTRICT Jersey Shore, PA 17740 Phone: 570.398.7170 Fax: 570.398.5612 Forensic Entomology We are investigating the various phyla of arthropods as well as identifying certain characteristic body parts and cycles. How do we apply any or all of this information? Why should I know that there are different parts in the insects reproductive life cycle. In today's technological society, many of our basic concepts are being used in methods that we had never dreamed possible. Law Enforcement, Pest Management and Food Processing techniques are all changing due to the wealth of information and applications of the life cycles of the arthropods. In this assignment, you are to investigate the role of arthropods in forensic studies. You are to research some of the following questions and present your work in the format of a short paper. Objectives: - To know the three basic fields of Forensic Entomology. - To identify and describe the three basic reasons Forensic Entomology is used. - Relate the concept of succession to the time of death of an organism.

39. Forensic Entomology Phone 570.398.1561 Fax 570.398.5089. forensic entomology. 2. Identifyand describe the three basic reasons forensic entomology is used. http://www.jsasd.k12.pa.us/lgasperine2/forensic_worksheet.htm

J ERSEY S HORE A REA S CHOOL D ISTRICT Jersey Shore, PA 17740 Phone: 570.398.7170 Fax: 570.398.5612 Forensic Entomology Back Home Email 1. What are the three basic fields of Forensic Entolomology? 2. Identify and describe the three basic reasons Forensic Entomology is used. 3. Why is succession important and how is it related to the time of death of an organism? 4. Identify the common insects that help to decompose an organism. 5. How is temperature important to the growth and development of insects.(Hint: why are "masses" temperatures recorded?) 6. How are some of the insects habits and concentrations related to the possible causes of death? 7. Identify the relationships between chemicals (drugs) in the food source and rates of growth and development of the insects on the dead organism. Back Home Email Last updated on May 15, 2000 LA Gasperine

40. Forensic Entomology forensic entomology. We live in a world populated by bacteria and insects. Goto the forensic entomology Pages International using the buttons below. http://home.iprimus.com.au/ararapaj/craigslea_testbed/Forensic Web Test Site/for

fo-ren-sic: involving the application of scientific knowledge to legal matters. —Webster's New World Dictionary Forensic Entomology We live in a world populated by bacteria and insects. Although it seems that we spend a lot of effort in fighting them, they provide a useful service as natural rubbish recyclers. Think of that dark brown leaf mould or compost that you find in rainforests. Through decay all the chemicals used by living things are able to be re-used. Forensic pathologists and entomologists specialise in studying the rates of decay of human remains. By understanding the time and sequence of various stages as bacteria and insects attack the body, they can usually make an accurate estimate of the time since death. This period is called the post-mortem interval (PMI). In addition, many different species of insect attack a corpse at different stages of decay and even prefer different tissue types (such as a beetle which attacks bones). One species, the cheese skipper larva ( Piophila casei ), is found in dead creatures only after about 2 months has passed. Since some insect species are only found in certain geographical regions, climates or locations (eg swamp or desert), the police can work out if the body has been moved from another location.

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