1. MAP COLLECTION OF FINNISH RELATED PEOPLE Maps showing the history of the Finnishrelated people of Russia. Includes maps of city locations, name changes, and much commentary. http://www.geocities.com/ojoronen/FINMAPS.HTM

Historical Maps of Finnish and Finno-Ugric People Complete Uralic World Guide Maps of Finno-Ugric Distribution Map of Finno-Ugric Distribution 400AD - Map IV Map of Finno-Ugric Distribution 900AD - Map VII Finno-ugric Distribution in 13-14AD - 13-14AD Finno-ugric Distribution in 15-16AD - 15-16AD ... Explanation of Color Codes for Maps IV and VII Maps of Finno-Ugric Settlements and Place-Names 1. Map Showing 8 Finno-Ugric Republics - color coded 2. Map of Slavic expansion into Merja Land Äänisjärvi (Onega) Äänisentakainen Koreljaanien maa ... 15. Large Finland Map Map (1), shows the approximate limits of ancient Finnish settlements between the Ural Mountains and Fenno-Scandia (Norway, Sweden, Finland). Finnic people that occupy the areas between these Republics, do not have their name-sake Republic. For example, there is no Vepsä, or Korelian autonomous area. Note the spaces between these Republics, an obvious attempt to keep them separated. Map (2) shows the Expansion of Slavs (Slaavien leveneminen) into Finno-Ugric lands. The Merjas are displaced and absorbed by neighboring Finno-Ugric groups, especially the Mari, who themselves travel Eastward from their ancient homeland in the area where the Oka flows into the Volga. (Mareja = Maris, Vepsäläisiä = Vepsä+people - related to the Eastern Karelians, -järvi = -lake eg. Valgetj. = Valgetjärvi. In some cases the -j. ending denotes a river, -joki.) The largest Map (3) is seemlessly split into four files, and covers Karelia/Eastern Karelia, the mythical land of Kalevala.

2. Lonely Planet World Guide | Destination Finland | History finland history. Finland's traces of human settlement date back to thethaw of the last Ice Age some 10,000 years ago. The Finns' ancestors http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/europe/finland/history.htm

home search help worldguide ... Related Weblinks Finland History Finland's traces of human settlement date back to the thaw of the last Ice Age some 10,000 years ago. The Finns' ancestors seem to have dominated half of northern Russia before arriving on the north of the Baltic coast well before the Christian era. By the end of the Viking Age, Swedish traders and chieftains had extended their interests throughout the Baltic region. Over the centuries, Finland has sat precariously between the Protestant Swedish empire and Eastern Orthodox Russia. For seven centuries, from the 12th century until 1809, it was part of Sweden. Finland was blighted by constant battles with Russia, and severe famines. From 1696-97, famine killed a third of all Finns. The 1700s were punctuated by bitter wars against Russia, culminating in the eventual loss of Finland to Russia in 1809. With nationalism beginning to surge during the latter half of the 19th century, Finland gained greater autonomy as a Grand Duchy, though new oppression and Russification followed, making Finns emotionally ripe for independence. The downfall of the tsar of Russia, and the Communist revolution in 1917, made it possible for the Finnish senate to declare independence on 6 December 1917. Demoralising internal violence flared up, with Russian-supported 'Reds' clashing with nationalist 'Whites' who took the German state as their model. During 108 days of a bloody civil war, approximately 30,000 Finns were killed by their fellow citizens. Although the Whites were victorious, Germany's weakened position after WWI discredited it as a political model and relations with the Soviet Union were soon normalised. Political salves did little to heal the wounds of civil war, however, and stories of 'peacetime' massacres are still emerging from these dark days of Finnish history.

3. Www.iue.it/LIB/SISSCO/VL/hist-finland/Index.html Similar pages finland historyHistory of Finland. Click here to visit our sponsor. http://www.iue.it/LIB/SISSCO/VL/hist-finland/Index.html

4. Finland: History finland history. PREHISTORY. Modern Finns descend from the FennoUgriantribes that originally lived in northeastern Europe between http://w3.restena.lu/lhce/comenius/fin/finhis.html

Finland: History PREHISTORY Modern Finns descend from the Fenno-Ugrian tribes that originally lived in northeastern Europe between the Ural mountains and the River Volga. As the continental glacier melted, it gave way to people to spread north and west. By 2000-1000 BC some form of Finnish was spoken on both sides of the Gulf of Finland. The remainders of the first permanent settlements along the coastline originate from the Iron Age, around 500 BC. The settlement was very scattered until the Viking Era ca. 800-1050 AD when the Vikings used the northern coastline of the Gulf of Finland as their trade route to the east. THE SWEDISH PERIOD ca. 1200-1809 At the beginning of the historical time, the population of Finland didn´t consist of any unified nation but of different, often hostile tribes. The king of Sweden and the Roman Catholic Church in the west and Novgorod of Russia and the Greek Orthodox Church in the east were both interested in conquering the area. The Finns in the southwest oriented themselves to the west, those in Karelia to the east. All through the Middle Ages Finland was part of Sweden. At intervals, during the time of the Scandinavian Union, as Sweden´s power was temporarily weakened, Finland was governed from Denmark.

5. Finland: History And Culture finland history and Culture http://www.louisville.edu/library/ekstrom/govpubs/international/finland/finhisto

Finland: History and Culture History of Finland (Virtual Finland) History of Finland (in Finland: A Country Study) The Winter War 1939-1940 (Finnish Defense Forces) Other Related Information: Finland ... Back to International Information Comments to Barbara Whitener, GovPubs Webmaster URL:http://library.louisville.edu/ekstrom/govpubs/international/finland/finhistory.html

6. IExplore - Finland History, IExplore Finland Travel - Travel Finland GUARANTEED! finland history of Finland Indigenous Samis (formerly knownas Lapps, a term they find offensive) once inhabited most of Finland. http://www.iexplore.com/dmap/Finland/History

dateString = 1071624271; Keyword Search: Home Explore Europe Finland History E-mail this page Keyword Search Help Finland Travel and Trips Overview The Essentials Where to Go ... Health and Vaccinations Contact Us We're here to help you book your next vacation, 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. (US Central Time) Monday-Friday. Call 1-800-iExplore Price Guarantee Our promise: You won't find any of our trips at a lower price anywhere. iExplore offers the best value in adventure and experiential travel... GUARANTEED! Finland History of Finland -Related Information- Trip Search See Trips to Finland Experts Meet our Europe expert Rosemary Burki Book List for Finland See Gear, Books and More Contact Us Advertise ... About iExplore

7. Finland History - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, C finland history Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources,Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics http://www.workmall.com/wfb2001/finland/finland_history_index.html

Country Ranks Introduction History Geography People Government Gov. Leaders ... [TOP] Finland History Index http://workmall.com/wfb2001/finland/finland_history_index.html Source: The Library of Congress Country Studies History Introduction Historical Setting ORIGINS OF THE FINNS THE ERA OF SWEDISH RULE, c. 1150-1809 ... Finland in the Era of Consensus, 1966-81 NOTE: The information regarding Finland on this page is re-published from The Library of Congress Country Studies. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Finland History information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Finland History should be addressed to the Library of Congress. Please put this page in your BOOKMARKS - - - - - Enter your e-mail address to receive e-mail when this web site is updated. Your Internet e-mail address: http://workmall.com/wfb2001/finland/finland_history_index.html Revised 04-Jul-02 Photius Coutsoukis

8. Finland History revolution, Finland perceived its chance to try for independence; after a civilwar, Finland became independent for the first time ever in its history. http://www.nationbynation.com/Finland/History1.html

BACK TO THE FRONT PAGE BASIC INFO. GEOGRAPHY GOVERNMENT BACK TO THE FRONT PAGE BASIC INFO. GEOGRAPHY GOVERNMENT ... FINLAND Originally from the Ural mountains and with a semi-unique language related more to Hungarian and Estonian than to any of the Scandinavian tongues, Finns came to their land via Siberia in the 700s. The indigenous peoples, the Lapps, were displaced into the northernmost areas of Scandinavia. Four hundred years later, Christianity arrived in the form of Swedish conquerors. In the 1500s, the land of the Finns became a Swedish grand duchy and even today, ethnic Swedes comprise about 7% of the population. Located unluckily between Sweden and Russia, Finland was often the site of battles between the dueling competitors. In 1809, the country was ceded to Russia. After the communist revolution, Finland perceived its chance to try for independence; after a civil war, Finland became independent for the first time ever in its history. But in 1939, Finland again became a battleground as the Soviet Union attacked the Finnish Republic. The Soviets prevailed but after germany and Russia went to war with each other in 1941, Finland resumed hostilities against Russia as well. Britain viewed Finland as cocombatants with Germany at this point and declared war. In 1944, the USSR again vanquished Finland and made the Finns fight against Germany, which was occupying northern Finland. The war left Finland largely ruined. The victorious Soviets forced harsh terms on the Finns including territory and reparations. A defense pact with the USSR was also signed in 1948 and reaffirmed in 1955, 1970, and 1983, as Finland's governments recognized that their independence hinged on the avoidance of any anti-Soviet activity. But the country was able to maintain freedom and an excellent economic base in the shadow of communism. When the Soviet Union collapsed, Finland suffered too with recession, unemployment, and currency devaluation (since as much as 25% of their export trade had been with the USSR). Politically, the 1990s brought the first non-socialist government to power in a quarter century and in 1994, the first direct election of a president took place. Finland joined the EU in 1994.

9. Finland History finland history Last updated in September 2002 12th century to 1809.Part of Sweden. 1809. Autonomous grand duchy under Russia. 1812. http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/www/en/laenderinfos/laender/laender_ausgabe_html?

10. FINLAND HISTORY: Finnish War Of Independence So it was natural that at this point in history, he should be very nervous indeed. BettySewed Them A newly independent Finnish Army, and Finland, is born. http://peacecountry0.tripod.com/kapina.htm

Get Five DVDs for $.49 each. Join now. Tell me when this page is updated True Stories of The Finnish War of Independence translated from Finnish by Osmo Joronen Updated September 25, 2002 Contents: Brief historical background Humor: The Swedish and the Russian typewriter: a true story from the revolution. Betty Sewed Them Devils by the Gravel Pit January - May 1918 Communism Not only did the Finnish people have to gain their freedom from Russia, but they had to also "run the gantlet" of their own communist uprising instigated and backed by Russian Bolsheviks, which was defeated by general Mannerheim with some German assistance. It happened in the turmoil of the First World War as well as the Russian Bolshevik Revolution. Finns fought not only in Finland but also in the Baltic countries. Stalin never forgot the humiliating defeat. Suomen korkeimman vallan haltija, eduskunta hyväksyi joulukuussa Suomen julistautumisen itsenäiseksi ja suvereeniksi valtioksi. Eduskuntaan nojannut Suomen hallitus eli senaatti ryhtyi itsenäisyyden ja toimintavapauden turvaamiseksi riisumaan aseista ja karkottamaan vanhan emämaan Venäjän joukkoja ja Venäjän hallitus puolestaan julisti sodan Suomen hallituksen "vastavallankumouksellisia" joukkoja vastaan. Näin syntyi 28.1. 1918 vapaussota. The government of Finland, the parliament, approved in December Finland's Declaration of Independence and formation of a sovereign state. The Finnish senate began the task of independence and "showed Russians the door." (Like, pardon me tavarits, aren't you guys in the wrong country? Your country is

11. FINLAND AND RELATED PEOPLE: Finno-Ugric, WWII, Maps, Culture, Language Survey of the Uralic peoples, including information on their languages. Excellent maps indicating Category Science Social Sciences Natural Languages Uralic...... Finnish food, EnglishFinnish translation, Finnish mythology, Finnish music, Finnishlitarature, Finnish authors, Tom of Finland, finland history, Map of http://peacecountry0.tripod.com/

Get Five DVDs for $.49 each. Join now. Tell me when this page is updated Welcome To Osmo Joronen's URALIC FAMILY HOME PAGE INDEX 1. Historical Maps of Finno-Ugric Inhabitation of Europe and Asia (1935): Directory of Maps - finmaps.htm Laatokan Karjala (Ladoga Karelia) - lkarjala.htm 2. Origins of the Finno-Ugric, Finnish People and Related Topics: Early History of the Finnish People - earlyfin.htm History of the Finno-Ugric People - fgpeople.htm Classification of Uralic Languages - langclas.htm White Sea Area 13th - 14th Century - kola.htm ... Finno-Ugric Cooperation - fincoop.htm 3. Finland and its Neighbours in WW II: Finno-Russian War of 1939-1944 - aredsnow.htm The War Experiences of Antti Joronen, Good-bye Karelia - antti.htm S äkkijärvi displaced person ... Debunking Stalin's excuse for attacking Finland in 1939 - alie.htm 4. Finnish Culture: a) Food - The Famous Karelian Pie - piirakka.htm - Finnish Bread: Historical background - leipa.htm b) Literature - kalevala - kalevala.htm

12. Finland: History encyclopediaEncyclopedia—finland history. Early History to Independence.Finland's first inhabitants, dating from about 7000 BC, probably http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0858115.html

Celebs, Models ,Movie Stars... Magazines From Around the World! Ladies..Never pay retail again! Facial care packs and Cosmetics at lowest prices ! All Infoplease All Almanacs General Entertainment Sports Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Infoplease Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... Fact Monster Kids' reference Info:Daily Fun facts Homework Center Newsletter You've got info! Help Site Map Visit related sites from: Family Education Network Encyclopedia Finland History Early History to Independence Finland's first inhabitants, dating from about 7000 B.C. , probably followed the melting ice northward, attracted by a good supply of game. The first Finnish-speaking persons to enter the region, who were mostly nomadic hunters and fishers, migrated into Finland from the south. By the 8th cent. they had displaced the small number of Lapps who lived in central and S Finland and who were forced to move to the far north of the country, where they live today. The Finns were organized in small-scale political units, with only loose ties beyond the clan level. From the 11th cent. Christian missionaries were active in Finland. In the 13th cent. Sweden conquered the country. Under the Swedes, Finland enjoyed considerable independence, its political sophistication grew, commerce increased, and the Swedish language and culture were spread. In the mid-16th cent. Lutheranism was established in Finland, and in 1581 the country was raised to the rank of grand duchy.

13. Finland: History encyclopediaEncyclopedia—finland history. Early History to Independence.Finland's first inhabitants, dating from about 7000 BC, probably http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/world/A0858115.html

Encyclopedia Finland History Early History to Independence Finland's first inhabitants, dating from about 7000 B.C. , probably followed the melting ice northward, attracted by a good supply of game. The first Finnish-speaking persons to enter the region, who were mostly nomadic hunters and fishers, migrated into Finland from the south. By the 8th cent. they had displaced the small number of Lapps who lived in central and S Finland and who were forced to move to the far north of the country, where they live today. The Finns were organized in small-scale political units, with only loose ties beyond the clan level. From the 11th cent. Christian missionaries were active in Finland. In the 13th cent. Sweden conquered the country. Under the Swedes, Finland enjoyed considerable independence, its political sophistication grew, commerce increased, and the Swedish language and culture were spread. In the mid-16th cent. Lutheranism was established in Finland, and in 1581 the country was raised to the rank of grand duchy. Finland suffered severely in the recurring wars between Sweden and Russia. In 1696 famine wiped out almost a third of the population. By the Treaty of Nystad (1721), which ended the

14. World Travel Guide - Finland - History & Government World Travel Guide World Europe finland history and Government History Duringthe first millennium BC, various peoples settled in Finland including the http://www.handheld.travel-guides.com/data/fin/fin580.htm

World Travel Guide World Europe Finland History and Government History: Government: The constitution allows for a President, who is head of state, and a single-chamber Assembly. The President is elected by direct popular vote for a term of six years, while the 200-strong Parliament is elected every four years. From worldtravelguide.net

15. Finnish Search Engine – For A Map Of Finland, Picture Of Finland, History Of Fi For Finland flag map news finland history map flag news Helsinki hotel history Helsinkinews travel weather flag Finland hotel Helsinki travel hotel history http://www.finlandsearch.info/

Search Engine.Search for a hotel in Finland, map of Finland, picture of Finland, history of Finland, map of Helsinki, hotel in Helsinki map.  For information on history of Finland hotel, map, picture, travel, history use these quick links: Finland picture Helsinki history Finland map Helsinki hotel ... Finland hotel Search Engine Query Select Country Search Engine Search The World Algeria Argentina Australia Austria Bahamas Bangladesh Barbados Belgium Bolivia Brazil Bulgaria Cameroon Canada Caribbean Chile China Columbia Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt England Estonia Fiji Finland France Germany Ghana Greece Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kenya Korea Kuwait Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malaysia Malta Mexico Monaco Morocco Mozambique Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Nigeria Northern Ireland North Korea Norway Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russia Saudi Arabia Scotland Senegal Singapore Slovakia Slovenia South Africa South Korea Spain Sri Lanka Sweden Switzerland Taiwan Tanzania Thailand Tunisia Turkey Ukraine UK United Arab Emirates Uruguay USA Venezuela Vietnam Wales Yemen Yugoslavia Zambia Zimbabwe Search The World 'Any Country' plus search.info

16. FINLAND Welcome to Otaniemi, finland history of Finland; The Sami in finland history; TheSami in finland history/\Narrative tradition/\The Sami Region. Kotka. Finland. http://www.helsinki.fi/~sedergre/finland5.html

FINLAND Travel in Finland Home Page Virtual Finland by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs Finland Online Short description of Finland Finland map and facts Finland , economy, culture, politics and connections (Mofile) US Dept. of State Background Notes of Finland Helsinki for the Virtual Traveller , What's On, Where To Go and Clickable Map Where To Go in Helsinki Real time weather in Europe seen from a satellite (METEO-FRANCE). Finnish Festivals 1995 (music, opera, film, theatre, dance, etc.) Fintrip , Finnish Travel Guide The Gastronomy of Finland , written for the Ministry for Foreign Affairs by Anna-Maija Tanttu Finnish Ethnographic Media Laboratory , "Hyper Kalevala"-project Alvar Aalto Museum Fintrip -Main page Finnair World Wide Wings Weather Forecast ... History of Finland The Essential History of Finland. Welcome to Otaniemi, Finland History of Finland The Sami in Finland: History The Sami in Finland Remorse homepage Remorse is here! Remorse is a non-professional heavy metal band from Kalajoki, Finland. History. Members. "Discography" Contact Remorse. Pekka Verronen... FINFO: Historia ARTIKKELIT. Main Outlines of Finnish History. Finland 500 years on the Map of Europe. The ancient religion of the Finns. Kalevala. LINKKEJÄ MUIHIN..

17. Finland History/Maps/Information, Jim & Jenny's Michigan. Ohio. Pennsylvania. Rhode Island. International. Finland. Germany. Ireland.Italy. finland history/Maps/Information. Under Development, Check back for updates. http://jim-jenny.mulligan.home.att.net/International/Finland.htm

Home Letters Genealogy References ... Links Researching: United States Connecticut Illinois Iowa Michigan ... Rhode Island International Finland Germany Ireland Italy Finland History/Maps/Information Under Development, Check back for updates

18. History Of Finland History of Finland. URL http//www.hut.fi/~juheikki/FINLAND/history.htm Createdby Juho Heikkilä on March 23rd, 1996 Last update on April 11th, 1996. http://www.hut.fi/~juheikki/FINLAND/history.htm

History of Finland Until the 12th century, the region known as Finland remained in a political vacuum, with both the Roman Catholic Church from Sweden and the Greek Orthodox Church from Novgorod, i.e. Russia, having their eyes on it. In the mid 12th century however the south-west Finland (Finland Proper) was brought under the Swedish dominion and Christian faith. Sweden continued to expand their domain until in 1323 the Treaty of Pähkinäsaari froze the Finnish borders. Under Swedish rule Finland was presented the Scandinavian Legal and Social systems. This also led to the founding of Turku in the 14th century and later, in 1640, to the founding of Finland's first University, Turku Academy. Today we know it as Helsinki University. In Sweden's era as a great power (1617-1721), it dominated the Baltic region and Finland's eastern border stretched further and further east. But the Great Northern War in 1700-1721 caused the Swedish power to collapse and Russia occupied Finland in 1714. That began the era known as the Great Wrath, ending in 1721. In the Peace of Turku in 1743 however, Russia retreated, but with considerable territorial losses to Finland. Sweden begun to fortify Finland and one of the greatest projects was the founding of Viapori, also known as the Gibraltar of the North, in 1747. In 1808 The Russian Czar Alexander I launched an attack and finally defeated the Finnish army. Peace was concluded in 1809 and Finland annexed to Russia. Finland now became an Autonomous Grand Duchy with a governor-general representing the Czar.

19. Finland: History world/A0858115.html. encyclopediaEncyclopedia—finland history. EarlyHistory to Independence. Finland's first inhabitants, dating http://print.factmonster.com/ce6/world/A0858115.html

document.write('Print Now!'); this page was printed from Factmonster.com www.factmonster.com/ce6/world/A0858115.html Encyclopedia Finland History Early History to Independence Finland's first inhabitants, dating from about 7000 B.C. , probably followed the melting ice northward, attracted by a good supply of game. The first Finnish-speaking persons to enter the region, who were mostly nomadic hunters and fishers, migrated into Finland from the south. By the 8th cent. they had displaced the small number of Lapps who lived in central and S Finland and who were forced to move to the far north of the country, where they live today. The Finns were organized in small-scale political units, with only loose ties beyond the clan level. From the 11th cent. Christian missionaries were active in Finland. In the 13th cent. Sweden conquered the country. Under the Swedes, Finland enjoyed considerable independence, its political sophistication grew, commerce increased, and the Swedish language and culture were spread. In the mid-16th cent. Lutheranism was established in Finland, and in 1581 the country was raised to the rank of grand duchy. Finland suffered severely in the recurring wars between Sweden and Russia. In 1696 famine wiped out almost a third of the population. By the Treaty of Nystad (1721), which ended the

20. Finland News Helsinki Multicultural Library. Helsinki Maps. finland history; A selection ofevents and documents on the history of Finland; Finnish History on the Internet; http://www.finlandnews.com/s/finland/notes.html

Travel Sport News Cities NetCafes ... EMPLOYMENT NEWS SOURCES Helsingin Sanomat NewsRoom Finland Aamulehti Åbo Underrättelser ... Kainuun Sanomat RELATED SITES Espoo - Finland's High-Tech City Helsinki - Centre of the New Northern Europe Helsinki - City of Helsinki Helsinki - City of Vantaa ... Lakbima attractions and important historical junctures Helsinki - Riitta's Finland Page Helsinki - Multicultural Library Helsinki Maps Finland: History ... History of Finland A selection of events and documents on the history of Finland FINLAND - A Country Study Finnish history and country study from the US Library of Congress Historical Highlights of Finland Finnish FAQ contains general country information including history Departments of History in Finland Finnish History History links in Finnish Finland in WWII by Henri Matti Hovi Brief History of Finland in World War II by Matti Yrjölä The Causes, Events, and Repercussions of the Russo-Finnish War by Stephen Payne Top WN Network Feedback Jobs ... Ads

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