41. Las Positas Fencing Center history of fencing Swordfighting as sport has existed since ancient featured eventsfor Masters, and until recently fencing was the only olympic sport that http://www.laspositasfencingcenter.com/sport_history.html

History Rules Tips Talk the Talk ... How to Follow the Action History of Fencing Swordfighting as sport has existed since ancient Egypt, and has been practiced in many forms in various cultures since then. Although jousting and tournament combat was a popular sport in the European middle ages, modern FIE fencing owes more to unarmoured dueling forms that evolved from 16th century rapier combat. Rapiers evolved from cut-and-thrust military swords, but were most popular amongst civilians who used it for self-defense and dueling. Rapiers were edged, but the primary means of attack was the thrust. Rapier fencing spread from Spain and Italy to northwest Europe, in spite of the objections of masters such as George Silver who preferred traditional cutting weapons such the English broad sword. The Spanish school, under masters such as Narvaez and Thibault, became a complicated and mystical affair whose geometrical theories required much practice to master. Italian masters like Agrippa and Capo Ferro developed a more pragmatic school in the late 16th and early 17th centuries, introducing innovations such as linear fencing and the lunge.

42. Introduction To Olympic Martial Arts - Viewers' Guides To Fencing, Judo, And Tae We've put together Viewer's Guides for these three olympic martial arts, outliningthe history, rules, and for more information Viewer's Guide to fencing http://martialarts.about.com/library/weekly/aa072400.htm

zfp=-1 About Sports Martial Arts Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting Martial Arts with Apply Now Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') Subjects ESSENTIALS Choosing a Martial Art Finding a Martial Arts School Checking Out a Martial Arts School ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Introduction to Olympic Martial Arts The Sydney Olympic Games are just days away, and at About Martial Arts, we're getting ready for the spectacle. This year's Olympics introduce tae kwon do as an official Olympic sport, making it the first kick/punch martial art in the games. New advances in fencing might do away with the wires that attach fencers to their scoring devices; just like cell phones and remote controls, fencing is going wireless. And competition in judo promises to be some of the most exciting matches ever. We've put together Viewer's Guides for these three Olympic martial arts, outlining the history, rules, and equipment of each sport. Consult these About Martial Arts special sections for more information: Viewer's Guide to Fencing En garde! Although fencers can sometimes look like big white spiders playing tag, this is a serious martial art, with a heritage of duels and medieval warfare. But don't think it just has merit for its historical value

43. Viewer's Guide To Olympic Fencing - About Martial Arts Basic facts about fencing for viewers of the Sydney olympic Games,including history, rules, equipment, and notable players. http://martialarts.about.com/library/olympics/blfencing.htm

zfp=-1 About Sports Martial Arts Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting Martial Arts with Apply Now Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') Subjects ESSENTIALS Choosing a Martial Art Finding a Martial Arts School Checking Out a Martial Arts School ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Viewer's Guide to Fencing Where: Sydney Exhibition Centre, Darling Harbour When: 16-24 September 2000 History Fencing has been a sport as long as swords have been weapons ancient carvings from 1190 BC Egypt depict fencers with masks, practice swords, and judges. However, despite the modern sport's electronic scoring, light, whippy blades, and high tech protective gear, fencing is still fighting with swords. As the best-known European martial art, it hearkens back to the days of chivalry and swashbuckling, duels and family feuds, Capulets and Montagues, Zorro and the Three Musketeers. Fencing has been a medal sport in every modern Olympic games. France and Italy ruled the

44. Fencing Lessons At The Fencers Club, Fencing Club & School: CitySearch to our tradition of developing olympic caliber athletes. True to our history, we boastthe most talented group of internationally recognized fencing Masters in http://www.fencersclub.com/3.html

Fencing Lessons at the Fencers Club E-mail us! Home Page Map Our History Competition Schedule Our Instructors Group Classes After-School Programs Special Offers and News Open Bouting Weapon Schedule Application/Information Our History The Fencers Club is the oldest continuously existing organization in the Western Hemisphere dedicated exclusively to teaching and promoting the sport of fencing. Since our establishment in 1883 we have remained at the vanguard, producing successive generations of National Champions and Olympians. As a highly diverse not-for-profit school, we promote the following activities: after-school, community outreach and college placement programs local, regional, national and international competitions seasonal training camps and national team camps in all weapons individual and group classes for beginners, recreational fencers and serious competitors of all ages - all contributing to our tradition of developing Olympic caliber athletes. Our current facility features 14 full-length training strips with state-of-the-art electronic scoring equipment; an in-house equipment store and armory; complete locker room and shower facilities; and a masseur in residence. True to our history, we boast the most talented and experienced group of internationally recognized Fencing Masters in the country - including the United States National Team Coaches in Men's Foil, Women's Foil and Men's Sabre, as well as the Head Coaches of New York University, and St. Johns University. The proud patrimony of the Fencers Club includes more National Champions and Olympic Medallists than any other club in the United States, and is uniquely documented by our photographic and pictorial archives. Spanning over a century, they chronicle our greatest competitors, from Olympic Silver Medallists George Calnan and Joseph Levis, to foilist Albert Axelrod and sabreur Peter Westbrook - Bronze Medallists in 1960 and 1984 respectively - as well as such legendary coaches as Chaba Elthes and Michel Alaux.

45. Fencing Institute Of Texas, Inc. - Our History The Company history. played a role in June 2001 for the Dallas 2012 olympic Bid Committee Wedemonstrated fencing on the esplanade in Fair Park for the USOC and http://www.fenceintexas.org/Business/infobusiness/historybusiness.htm

The History of Fencing Institute of Texas, Inc Check here for pages on our Vision and Mission statement History Investor center Maps and directions Service, Support and Safety Board of Directors Coaching staff Fencing programs Competitive Teams Links to USFA, etc. Questionnaire Front Page releases Tournament results Calendar of events Newsletter Newsletter Archives Student guidebook Library information Photo pages Winter Training Camp Summer Camp The Company History The Fencing Institute of Texas was established in March 1998 by a small group of people with one common belief, that fencing is a worthy sport and should be available to the masses. This group of fencers, non-fencers, and fencer parents were joined together by Abdelmonem Salem who is currently coaching at the Air Force Academy. Coach Salem taught us how to dream. In August 1998, the Board discovered suite 410 in MacArthur Commons Business Park. The interior was painted purple, green and yellow, and had a large, brick kiosk in the center of the main floor. After several months of hard work, 40 gallons of white paint, glue and parquet flooring, suite 410 became a fencing center. In November 1998, our founding coaches joined us: Epee Coach Hossam Mahmoud and Foil Coach Vitaliy Boksiner. They were joined by Senior Coach and US Olympian Skip Shurtz for a brief time in the spring of 1999.

46. Fencing Institute Of Texas, Inc. - Our Corporate Mandate is to develop the sport of fencing (olympic, classical and and making the sport offencing available to an opportunity to experience the history and majesty of http://www.fenceintexas.org/Business/infobusiness.htm

Success, Quality, Committment Check here for pages on our Vision and Mission statement History Investor center Maps and directions Service, Support and Safety Board of Directors Coaching staff Fencing programs Competitive Teams Links to USFA, etc. Questionnaire Front Page releases Tournament results Calendar of events Newsletter Newsletter Archives Student guidebook Library information Photo pages Winter Training Camp Summer Camp Fencing Institute of Texas, Inc. Vision, Mission, Mandate The Fencing Institute of Texas' vision is to develop the sport of fencing (Olympic, classical and theatrical) in the Dallas/Fort Worth area. In order to do this, the Board of Directors has taken on the mission of increasing awareness of the sport through media events, tournaments, and other venues; and making the sport of fencing available to those who might not have an opportunity to experience the history and majesty of this sport. We envision a premier school of fencing, coaches dedicated to the development of their students, and Olympic and World Cup winners! About Fencing Institute of Texas, Inc.

47. Tennis Olympic History olympic historian, researcher, writer, consultant specializing in the olympic Games,history of Sport, Physical Education, Wrestling, fencing, Sports .. http://www.apriljuju.com/radio-city-music-hall-schedule.htm

48. The History Of Fencing Early olympic Games featured events for Masters, and until recently fencingwas the only olympic sport that has included professionals. http://users.ox.ac.uk/~fencing/hisfencing.htm

S wordfighting as a sport has existed since ancient Egyptian times and has been practised in many forms in various cultures since then. Although jousting and tournament combat were popular sports in the European middle ages, modern F.I.E. fencing owes more to the unarmoured duelling forms that evolved from 16th century rapier combat. Rapiers were edged having a military role for thrusting into chinks of heavy armour. The original Spanish school, under masters such as Narvaez and Thibault was steeped in technical precision requiring much practise to master. In the late 16th and early 17th centuries, rapier fencing spread to Italy and masters like Agrippa and Capo Ferro developed a more pragmatic school, introducing linear fencing and the lunge. B y the 18th century the rapier had evolved to a shorter, lighter design, popularised in France, called the small sword or fleuret (due to the leather safety tip resembling a flower). The small sword often had an edge, to prevent the opponent from grabbing the blade, although the weapon was mainly used for thrusting. The light weight made a more complex and defensive style possible, and the French masters developed a school based on subtlety of movement, double-time parries and complex attacks. The small sword is identical to the modern foil.

49. History Notice how similar it is to the masks of today. At the start of the 20thcentury the olympic games finally accepted fencing as a sport. http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~aus015/History.htm

50. Home foil and women's épée were included in the olympic Games in fencing, an ancientart, has become a modern sport The history of fencing, Part I Ancient fencing. http://www.fencingmaster.com/history/history.htm

A Brief History of Fencing The Art of Fencing The skilful use of a sword according to established rules and movements was practised by the ancient Egyptians, Persians, Greeks and Romans as well as the Chinese and the Japanese, not only in war but also in exercise and in entertainment. The development of fencing techniques and the history of the sword are interlinked. As new needs for the sword arise, the sword has to be modified accordingly. And as new models are made with new material and improved methods of construction, new techniques are devised. In the 16th century, with the increasing use of firearms on the battlefields, the role of the sword became limited to duelling. Duelling reached its peak in the high incidence of duels (mensur) in the German universities in the 19th century. It, however, saw a decline toward the end of the century and in time was banned altogether. As a result, fencing passed from the domain of the duel to that of sport. The three weapons used in the sport of fencing are the sabre, the épée and the foil. With the study and practice of swordsmanship with these weapons, fencing became an art. The prototype for the sabre as represented in an edged weapon with a curved blade and ornamental elements forming a partial knuckle guard had existed in Europe since classical antiquity. During the Middle Ages, varieties of broadswords designed principally for cutting were used throughout Europe. By the 16th and 17th centuries, the rapier replaced the broadsword as a side arm and emphasis shifted to the use of the point rather than the cut. However, mounted troops still required a cutting weapon and the sabre, based on eastern models, filled this need.

51. A Brief History Of Fencing A profound student of military history and tactics, Patton subsequently authoreda new Manual of the Saber and fencing has been an olympic sport since the http://members.cox.net/jasmwatson/wfa/history_of_fencing.htm

A Brief History of Fencing Fencing as a sport in the contemporary sense, did not exist prior to the closing decades of the 19 th century. Training in swordsmanship was largely confined to the aristocratic and military social classes. Teachers of fencing were frequently regarded as somewhat disreputable, and we have records of legal restrictions placed upon their activities. Fencing techniques were transmitted orally on a personal basis and, aside from a few manuscripts, we have scant records of these techniques. But with the advent of moveable type and printing in the fifteenth century, the arts and methods of various practitioners were made widely available. As the use of firearms in combat spread, wearing armour became impractical. By the sixteenth century, under the influence of the Spanish, Italian, and French swordsmen, the civilian weapon of choice became the rapier. Constant refinements in fencing theory, through the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, brought swordsmanship from early fantastical ideas to the rectified and scientific concepts of the nineteenth century. By the late seventeenth century, the idea of "right of way" was clearly understood, and the use of the point for thrusting attacks preferred. With the introduction of the wire mesh fencing mask (circa 1780) practice became less restricted to conventional exchanges. Among the most famous Americans to fence was Gen. George S. Patton of WWI and WWII fame. Patton was a member of the U.S. Olympic team at the 1912 Stockholm Games, representing the U.S.A. in the Military Pentathlon, as well as on our Saber team. Following the Games, he studied at the French cavalry school in Saumur. A profound student of military history and tactics, Patton subsequently authored a new Manual of the Saber and redesigned the saber for the U.S. Cavalry. For a time, he was designated "Master of the Sword" of the Cavalry School in Fort Riley, Kansas.

52. Olympics 2000 | Csmonitor.com , Making olympic history. •, 2000 olympics Top Athletes Quiz. ,Photo gallery olympic Eyes. , fencing gives new thrust to kids' lives. http://www.csmonitor.com/atcsmonitor/specials/oly2000/interactive/krt_olympics.h

INTERACTIVE FEATURES Olympics Down Under Making Olympic History 2000 Olympics: Top Athletes Quiz 2000 Olympics: New Sports ... Olympic Athletes: Getting Stronger FEATURES In the US: High-tech gear for 2000 Olympics In the US: Aborigines on tour celebrate culture Photo gallery: Olympic Eyes Australia at a glance The significance of Ayers Rock Fencing gives new thrust to kids' lives A letter from... Kangaroo Island G'day mate! Learn the lingo For kids: What's in these photos?

53. Mary Beth Iagorashvili Athlete Bio in the first women’s modern pentathlon in olympic history. of Chiropractic to competein the 2000 olympic Games. Strongest sports are swimming and fencing. http://www.olympic-usa.org/cfdocs/athlete_bios/bio_template.cfm?ID=378&Sport=Mod

54. Howstuffworks "How Fencing Equipment Works" Official olympics site for fencing; olympic history of fencing; Rules of fencing;US fencing Association (USFA); American fencing Online Archive; fencing.net. http://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/fencing-equipment7.htm

ComputerStuff AutoStuff ElectronicsStuff ScienceStuff ... PeopleStuff Categories Arts Games Movies Music ... Television Sponsored By: Explore Stuff Big List of Articles Get the Newsletter Shop or Compare Prices Orbitz - Plan a Trip! ... Sports How Fencing Equipment Works by Craig C. Freudenrich, Ph.D. Introduction to How Fencing Equipment Works Protective Equipment Competition ... Wireless Scoring Systems Lots More Information! Thanks to Justin Meehan of Blade Fencing Equipment of New York, who contributed to this article with his advice and comments. Official Olympics site for Fencing Olympic history of Fencing Rules of Fencing U.S. Fencing Association (USFA) ... Intro HSW Home Table of Contents: Introduction to How Fencing Equipment Works Protective Equipment Competition Foil ... Help

55. A Short History Of Ancient Fencing However, there is an interesting document in an ancient history describing how in Eventually,the practice of fencing was included in the olympic Games http://home.lynx.net/bactau/ancient.htm

A Short History of Ancient Fencing next Modern fencing.............. The word "Escrime" is used to signify the art of "Touching without being touched". It seems that the word "Carma" coming from Sanskrit meaning fencing. An old French word "Escremie" or "Eskermie" is also used to specify the meaning of "Escrime" or fencing. Since the origin of humankind, people have tried to compensate for their physical weakness by inventing weapons to defend themselves against animals and other human beings, or to conquer them. The first weapons were made from wood, stone and then metal. Weapons have been developed and evolved to follow patterns reflecting their value in the social, artistic and technological aspects of various cultures. Weapons have been used to settle personal disputes, battles between small tribes and between nations. Eventually, the use of weapons led to man trying to develop perfect methods of combat. People wanted to be able to maximize their most effective strengths and skills. For all people, learning how to handle and control a weapon immediately led to an important subject: the art of fencing. Mention was made in sacred books, in ancient India, containing the principles of weapon exercises shown by the Brahmans, the first professionals who taught fencing lessons in public places. Later on, this science of fencing was strictly reserved for the warrior class

56. A Short History Of Modern Fencing For the 1996 olympic Games in Atlanta, women's épée has been added to the fencingprogram without increasing the total number of fencers in the competition. http://home.lynx.net/bactau/modern.htm

A Short History of Modern Fencing The foil The épé e The sabre ... International Fencing Federation Fencing has evolved over 800 years from a deadly combat to a complete sport. Speed of movement and the intricate strategy of ancient dueling are still very much a part of modern fencing. Since dueling was outlawed, fencing as a sport has grown more and more popular with both men and women. Women and men compete separately, with some fencers becoming proficient in two or all three weapons, while others specialize in only one. Coordination, speed, agility and self assurance are a few of the qualities this sport requires of its followers. Because of the necessity to analyze the opponent's game and to develop strategy, fencing is often described as an animated game of chess. With the development of new metal alloys, lighter and more manageable weapons have become possible. These place a premium on speed and coordination and give little if any advantage to sheer strength. When the French introduced a new type of fencing, it was neat, quiet, precise and more deadly than before. The essence of the action was nimbleness of wrist and fingers which required quickness rather than muscular vigor By fencing, we have come to mean not simply fighting for hits, but a strictly regulated game. Its traditions have been transmitted through generations and make fencing a truly educational sport. Despite the evolution of fencing from combat to sport, certain conventions have remained intact - judges do not distinguish between accidental and strategically thought out hits. Competitions are presently held in three weapons: Foil, Épée, and Sabre

57. Bigchalk HomeworkCentral Sports Rules Histories (Sports) asked questions; history of fencing; Rules of fencing; What I fencing? World BookOnline Article on WEIGHTLIFTING; olympic history weightlifitng WRESTLING; http://www.bigchalk.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects/WOPortal.woa/Homework/High_School/Spo

58. USC Fencing History one aspect of the team has remained the same throughout its history the dedication Carfagno,chosen to represent the US on the 1940 olympic fencing Team and http://www-scf.usc.edu/~fencing/History.htm

USC FENCING History Compiled by Adam Johnson Introduction The Early Years Swords and the Silver Screen The 50's, 60's and 70's ... Photo Gallery - USC Fencing over the Decades Introduction Since 1926, the USC Fencing Team has proven to be a dominant force, winning numerous championships and representing the bold Trojan spirit. Although it has changed over the last three-quarters of a century, as athletes and coaches have come and gone, one aspect of the team has remained the same throughout its history: the dedication to the sport of fencing and to teaching its skills to all who seek to learn. The Early Years The beginnings of the USC Fencing Team date back before its creation in 1926 to the initiation of Rufus B. von KleinSmid as the fifth President of the University of Southern California in 1921. Von KleinSmid was, among his many talents, a skilled fencer and an enthusiastic promoter of the sport. He received instruction on a regular basis at the Los Angeles Athletic Club (L.A.A.C.), an institution which is still in existence in its original location downtown. The fencing instructor at the Athletic Club was a Belgian fencing master by the name of Henry J. Uyttenhove

59. Peter Westbrook Many of them received fencing scholarships to academically elite schools like StephanieCook Willie Banks Matt Biondi Preserving olympic history The ISOH Oral http://www.woa.org/westbrook.htm

60. NEGRINI History history. NEGRINI fencing LINE has reached the highest levels in fencing,with many olympic athletes relying on its products. http://www.negrini-uk.co.uk/HISTORY.HTM

HISTORY E ver since the 16th Century, the fortress-town of Verona represented an important production centre for the supply of weapons to the Winged Lion armies of the "Serenissima" Republic of Venice. The development of a tradition in the Verona area for high quality, hand-crafted, weapons and related products has been attributed, with authority, to this period. W hite arms manufactured in the city of the Scaligeri were used in important military actions. Examples of valued pieces are still kept in Museums and private collections and provide precise historical references of a period having as main characters the skilful artisans and artists of Verona, at the forefront in respect of other prestigious school in Italy. T he Master manufacturer L. NEGRINI & SON, first established in 1897, was one of the first to give a fundamental contribution to the affirmation of chivalrous arms and of the "noble art" in Italy. T he company today, NEGRINI FENCING LINE, under the direction of Mrs. Anna Negrini and her two sons, Paolo and Michael, is an attentive interpreter of the increasing needs of the world markets, paying careful attention to style and quality in its production. Particular care is taken to guarantee the continuation of a prestigious tradition at the service of modern fencing.

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