81. Microbial Source Tracking In Two Southern Maine Watersheds pollution in the Webhannet Estuary and Little River Estuary watersheds in Wells Itcould also help continue a trend toward cleaner estuaries, eventually helping http://www.umseagrant-mst.org/

Home What is MST Slideshow Maps ... Contact Us What's Happening The Microbial Source Tracking Project investigates non-point source pollution in the Webhannet Estuary and Little River Estuary watersheds in Wells, Sanford and Kennebunk, Maine. This project focuses on the Webhannet watershed the first year (Dec. 2001-Sept. 2002), and the Little River watershed the second year (Dec. 2002-Sept. 2003). The project was created by Maine Sea Grant associate Kristen Whiting-Grant, and funded by the Cooperative Institute for Coastal and Estuarine Environmental Technology ( CICEET Our Goal The goal of the project is two-fold. First, to help validate genetic fingerprinting (ribotyping) of E. coli as a method for identifying the source of fecal contamination in surface waters. The second goal is to determine the source animal species of the fecal contamination in the Webhannet and Little Rivers in York County, Maine. Fecal indicator bacteria such as E. coli

82. WATER USE PATTERNS IN THE WATERSHEDS OF THE GEORGIA RIVERINE WATER USE PATTERNS IN THE watersheds OF THE GEORGIA RIVERINE and Carrie Smith Assistant Professor and Graduate Student, Dept. of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602. http://gce-lter.marsci.uga.edu/lter/files/pubs/Alber_Smith_gwrc.pdf

83. Regional Updates Atmospheric Fertilization of estuaries Watershedsand Airsheds By Dr. Clayton Penniman http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/nebel2/medialib/update20.html

Atmospheric Fertilization of Estuaries: Watersheds and Airsheds By Dr. Clayton Penniman Introduction Pro/Con Connections Hyperlinks ... References Introduction Along the coast of the Northeastern U.S., the consequences of additions of excessive amounts of nitrogen-containing pollutants to many estuaries in the region has become a significant environmental concern. The Chesapeake Bay, Long Island Sound, Massachusetts Bay, and others are showing the effects of this overfertilization by anthropogenic nitrogen. The sources of this pollution are varied: sewage treatment plants; runoff from agricultural fertilizers and livestock manure; seepage of groundwater contaminated by septic systems that are inadequate or too densely situated; and runoff from lawn fertilizers used by homeowners. Individual estuaries have differing mixes of these sources as their most significant problem to be cleaned up or otherwise mitigated. The effects of this excessive fertilization include: Blooms of microscopic phytoplankton that can shade and degrade submerged, rooted aquatic plants that provide habitat for many commercially and ecologically important species of fish and shellfish. Loss of essential dissolved oxygen in the water as the algal blooms die and the dead cells are decomposed by microorganisms.

84. PART I: What Is An Estuary? above) do you think exists at your site? Like Rivers, estuaries haveWatersheds. Because rivers feed fresh water into estuaries, the http://geosci.sfsu.edu/courses/geol103/labs/estuaries/partI.html

PART I: What is an estuary? Introduction to Estuaries In most coastal communities, the local "estuary" is called by another name: San Francisco Bay, Chesapeake Bay, Puget Sound, Boston Harbor, Cook Inlet all "estuaries." But what makes them so, and why are they important to the country and to the 110 million Americans who live near their shores? Estuaries are bodies of water along our coasts that are formed when fresh water from rivers flows into and mixes with salt water from the ocean. In estuaries, the fresh river water is blocked from streaming into the open ocean by either surrounding mainland, peninsulas, barrier islands, or fringing salt marshes. This mixing of fresh and salt water creates a unique environment that brims with life of all kinds a transition zone between the land and sea known as an estuary. The estuary gathers and holds an abundance of life-giving nutrients from the land and from the ocean, forming an ecosystem that contains more life per square inch than the richest Midwest farmland. Why are healthy estuaries important to us? Estuaries are a critical source for much of our ocean life. Their bounty forms a natural wonder that offers the more than 50% of Americans who live near estuaries, and the millions who visit, a wealth of recreational opportunities. Estuaries provide essential habitat for over 75 percent of our nation's commercial fish catch. Commercial and recreational fishing, boating and tourism also provide more than 28 million jobs. Fishing alone generates $111 billion yearly in economic activity.

85. SOFIA - Circular 1134 - The Natural System - Estuaries And Bays publications circular Circular 1134 the natural system watershedsand coastal waters estuaries and bays. US Department http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/circular/1134/esns/eb.html

publications circular Circular 1134 the natural system watersheds and coastal waters estuaries and bays U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1134 Environmental Setting The Natural System Figure 21. Western Florida Bay at Cape Sable. Click on image to open larger picture (27.5k). Watersheds and Coastal Waters Estuaries and Bays A series of interconnected baysBiscayne and Florida Bays, Card and Barnes Sounds-lie between the mainland and the Florida Keys (fig. 17) . The bays are semitropical environments that support a variety of biological communities that are dependent on the distribution of sediment, salinity, temperature, and tidal flow. The bays and estuaries are protected in a shallow depression formed between the Keys and the mainland. On the Keys side, bedrock consists of coralline Key Largo Limestone (Hoffmeister and Multer, 1968) . This generally low ridge of limestone that forms the upper Florida Keys is as much as 18 ft above sea level at Windley Key and extends from Soldier Key in the north to Big Pine Key in the southwest. On the mainland side of the bays, the bedrock is the Miami Limestone which is dominated by two lithologies-an oolitic facies forming the Atlantic Coastal Ridge and a nonoolitic bryozoan facies beneath the Everglades to the west (Hoffmeister and Multer, 1968)

86. Streams & Watersheds Homepage Watershed Studies. DEP’s stream monitoring program evaluates the healthof all streams within Montgomery County watersheds. Home watersheds. http://www.montgomerycountymd.gov/mc/services/dep/Watershed/home.html

News What is a watershed? How can I help protect my watershed? Public Involvement ... NPDES MS4 Permit Background and specific information about the Montgomery County NPDES MS4 Permit to control stormwater runoff into streams and other waterways. The goal of this federal Clean Water Act program is to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation's water. Biological Monitoring Watershed Restoration Watershed restoration is the process of returning damaged streams to conditions that are healthier, cleaner, and more natural for wildlife and aquatic life and people. Better streams and rivers means an improved quality of life for those who live, work, and play in the community. Restoring and rehabilitating streams brings many benefits to the entire county as well as to neighborhoods adjacent to streams. Click here to link to DEP's Watershed Restoration Homepage. Special Protection Areas Special Protection Areas (SPAs) are places where existing water resources or other environmental features directly relating to water resources are of high quality or unusually sensitive; and where proposed land uses would threaten the quality of preservation of those resources or features in the absence of special water quality protection measures which are closely coordinated with appropriate land use controls. Click here to link to DEP's SPA Homepage.

87. MHBNL Introduction Hope Bay setting is one of climate scale natural changes in estuaries and watershedsand five centuries of anthropogenic impacts forcing ecosystem evolution. http://www.smast.umassd.edu/MHBNL/intro.html

Home Personnel Habitat Issues Modeling ^ Click on the image. Background and Problem Our estuaries have been impacted by human activity for several centuries. In recent years public concern over the apparent poor health of many estuaries has been growing, and consequently have resulted in a proliferation of laws and regulations intended to protect our estuaries. However, only by carefully linking cause and effect can we develop appropriate, cost effective, focused remedies for correcting, modifying, or mitigating effects. Impacts on the Mt. Hope Bay Ecosystem: Human Population Growth and Coastal Development Water Quality Changes power plant effluent pollutants nutrient enrichment freshwater discharge Climate Variability Habitat Loss/Change Natural Variations in Fish and Invertebrate Populations Biological Community Change prey populations predator populations competitor populations Fishing Mortality and Other Impacts Our Vision for the MHBNL Strategic Goals: To develop a facility for the study of anthropogenic influences on estuaries in general.

88. Titles American Naturalist BIDS Ecoflora Service Boreal Ecosystem Studyweb Coral Reefs; Studyweb Ecology and Ecosystems; Studyweb Estuariesand watersheds; Theoretical Ecology Simulation Server; Tree of http://www.isical.ac.in/~library/ecology.html

Titles American Naturalist BIDS Ecoflora Service Boreal Ecosystem Atmosphere Study Centre for Population Biology ... WWW Virtual Library: Ecology and Biodiversity

89. Introduction To Natural History water referred to as St. Georges Bay, including all of the Bay's associatedestuaries and watersheds. For the purposes of this research http://www.stfx.ca/research/gbayesp/NH_introduction.htm

Back To Natural History Table of Contents INTRODUCTION TO NATURAL HISTORY Outcomes and Deliverables Background and Context This report presents the preliminary outcomes of research focused on the St. Georges Bay Ecosystem that has been supported by a contract from the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada Oceans Act Office (#F530080009). The research, as specified in the terms of the supporting contract, has been focused on achieving the following 'Statement of Requirement' objectives. Gather and assimilate available secondary information respecting the geology, water quality, biology, human settlement and human use of the Antigonish, Pomquet and Tracadie, Margaree, and Mabou estuaries and the coastal zone area between Pleasant Bay and Lismore, Nova Scotia . Gather and assimilate available secondary data respecting coastal, estuarine and river fisheries, e.g., alewive, eel and salmon, including sport recreational fisheries. Document contemporary land use practices and patterns associated with the coastal zones, estuaries and the lower reaches of the major rivers, including where possible descriptions and assessments of agricultural, industrial and settlement sourced pollutants.

90. SOFIA - Circular 1134 - The Natural System - Kissimmee- Okeechobee- Everglades W Florida. Click on image to open larger picture (25.9k). Watershedsand Coastal Waters. Kissimmee Okeechobee- Everglades Watershed http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/circular/1134/esns/koew.html

publications circular Circular 1134 the natural system watersheds and coastal waters kissimmee- okeechobee- everglades watershed U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1134 Environmental Setting The Natural System Figure 17. Hydrologic features and the natural direction of surface-water and coastal-water flows under predevelopment conditions in south Florida. Click on image to open larger picture (25.9k). Watersheds and Coastal Waters Kissimmee- Okeechobee- Everglades Watershed The Kissimmee- Okeechobee- Everglades watershed, an area of about 9,000 mi , once extended as a single hydrologic unit from present-day Orlando to Florida Bay, about 250 mi to the south (fig. 17) . In the northern half of the watershed, the Kissimmee River and other tributaries drained slowly through large areas of wetlands into Lake Okeechobee, a shallow water body of about 730 mi . The lake periodically spilled water south into the Everglades ( Davis, 1943 Parker, 1974) , a vast wetland of about 4,500 mi . Under high water-level conditions, water in the Everglades moved slowly to the south by sheetflow, thus forming the area known as the River of Grass. Water discharged from the Everglades into Florida Bay and the Gulf of Mexico, and under high-flow conditions, also into the Atlantic Ocean through small rivers or transverse glades in the Atlantic Coastal Ridge or as seepage and spring flow into Biscayne Bay.

91. Watershed Project Gathering Information Internet Resources. These sites have been preselectedfor this project. There are many more sites that you might find helpful. http://wwwgen.bham.wednet.edu/waterlink.htm

Gathering Information: Internet Resources These sites have been pre-selected for this project. There are many more sites that you might find helpful. However, you might spend hours looking for information and not find much of value. During class time set aside for this project you must stay on these sites. On your own time, if you have independent access, you may look for other sites. Save Lake Whatcom Watershed Bellingham Public Works Local Ownership of Forest Lands Coastal Watersheds ... Estuaries and Coastal Watersheds Checkpoint You will be checking in periodically with your teacher to show your progress and the quality of information you are gathering. Click here to see how you're doing with the research process! (Gathering information: step 4 of 5) "Save the Watershed" project was created by Kathy Dorr, Susan Swank and Jan Frank, Bellingham School District teachers. Much of the text used in this module is a direct quotation from pages created by Gretchen Offutt. The structure and visual layouts of these modules are based on her online research project "Planetary Adventure"

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