41. Indigenous Peoples, Mapping And Biodiversity Conservation: africa. 29. Perlindungan Hutan dan Pelestarian Alam/Protection of Forests and of AncestralDomain as vehicles for recognizing indigenous peoples' tenure, and to http://www.bsponline.org/bsp/publications/asia/indigenous_people/part2.htm

NORTH AMERICA 18. Canada: Ditidaht Traditional Knowledge Mapping / GIS PROJECT STATUS: Current. LOCAL ORG: Ditidaht Band Council, Community Pacific Resource Group, Sofor Inforgraphics. NATIONAL ORG: EXTERNAL ORG: DONOR: Government of British Columbia, Heritage Conservation Branch. CONTACT: Chief Jack Thompson, Ditidaht Band Council, P.O. Box 340, Port Alberni, BC V9Y 7M8, Canada. Tel: 604-745-3333 Fax: 604-745-3332. REFERENCES: Scott 1995. OBJECTIVE: To develop a cartographic methodology appropriate for mapping traditional knowledge, occupancy and resource use. BACKGROUND: The Heritage Conservation Branch of the Government of British Columbia is addressing the question: What would a cartographic knowledge base for First Nations communities look like? How can traditional land use and occupancy be translated into codes and topologies that would be generally useful in representing and managing indigenous lands? The Ditidaht Band, Nu'Chah'Nulth First Nation, is collaborating with the Branch on a pilot project to devise suitable symbols and categories. METHOD: The information will initially be collected through conversations with elders, which may be audio or video recorded. The data will then be entered on 1: 20,000 base maps (17 sheets) and digitized into a GIS. One problem encountered in using these maps, and satellite imagery, is that they are not detailed enough to record some features of traditional significance.

42. WDCS - The Whale And Dolphin Conservation Society - Definition Of Aboriginal Wha between the nations of Asia, the west coast of africa .as well set up an organizationwhich channels the voices of the various indigenous peoples or remote http://www.wdcs.org/dan/publishing.nsf/allweb/5FB7A77FD6F40075802568EB002CF7E0

APRIL 7th 2003 WDCS Home Latest News Adopt a Dolphin Active Seas ... Whale Watching WDCS Newsletter subscribe unsubscribe - Quick Links About WDCS Active Seas Adopt a Dolphin Adopt a Whale Become a member Calendar Captivity CITES 2002 Contact WDCS Events Field Projects Gifts in Kind How you can help IWC 2002 Local Groups Merchandise News out of the blue holi Report a Sighting SEA RED Sightings Species Guide Strandings The Mortgage Shop UK Seal Hotline WDCS Corporate Partn WDCS Mastercard WDCS policy on swimm WDCS (Japanese) Whale Watching Whaling Whaling International Whaling Commission (IWC) Aboriginal whaling Definition of Aboriginal Whaling To date, aboriginal peoples have been 'willing' to accept that there needs to be international management of their hunts to make sure that whale populations survive into the future and so, implicitly, ensure their own survival. However, things are beginning to change. Since 1995, we have seen the declared intention of the Makah (US citizens of American Indian decent) campaigning for the right to resume hunting gray whales of the North West Pacific coast of the continental USA. They are arguing that they do not have to fulfil the definition of indigenous whaling promulgated by the world community through the IWC, but should be allowed to kill up to ten gray whales for 'cultural' reasons alone. The Makah Tribal Council have also made statements that they will be seeking to export whale meat in the near future. In December of 1996 members of the New Zealand Maori 'Treaty Fisheries Commission' made claims that they should be able to engage in trade in whale meat with Japan, stating that the IWC's definition of indigenous whaling was both 'arrogant and primitive'. (The Evening Post - New Zealand 21/12/96). The 'Fisheries Commission went on to assert that they were 'seeking to join an international body made up of indigenous and coastal "community-based whale users", which included Norwegian and Japanese members'.

43. Suid-Afrika Teken in en dan ontvang jy tot drie clari.news.minorities clari.world.africa.south_africaclari dialogue and understanding regarding indigenous peoples of all http://www.boer.co.za/nuus/lnk_nuus.html

Nuus in Suid-Afrika Hoofberigte Koerante Radio stasies E-pos Headlines Sport Krieket uitslae Ruby in SA Afrikaner Patriot ... Rapport Volksblad IMPACT : THE TRUTH OUT OF AFRICA http://home.global.co.za/~boervolk/impact.htm Radio Pretoroia OORSEE Die beste nuusdiens waarvan ek weet is PointCast : Mens moet hul sagteware aflaai, dit installeer, dan indien jy dit hardloop sluit dit by hul nuusdiens aan en verkry die nuutste nuus. Jy kan die kategorie"e self kies. Baie omvattend. Newsspot deur Mercury Mail is ook baie goed. Teken in en dan ontvang jy tot drie maal per dag opsommings per epos met verwysings na die artikels op die web. http://www.merc.com/ Yahoo's newsticker http://my.yahoo.com/ticker.html Koerante op die net Gogga (soekenjin vir Suid-Afrikaanse pers): http://www.gogga.ru.ac.za/ SA online media directory http://www.icon.co.za/~hermanm/ Woza (SA nuus) ... Main street SA (onafhanklike nuusbrief) : http://mainstreet.t5.com/ The Economist (met opsommings via epos): http://www.economist.com/mailing/ Business Day (met argiewe): http://www.bday.co.za/

44. Development Anthropology of the Impact of Development on indigenous peoples by Robert Drought and Developmentin africa's Arid Lands Robert H. Mast(Designer), dan Georgakes / Paperback http://www.serve.com/archaeology/books/devanth.html

Search amazon.com: Search amazon.co.uk: Home Books Books / UK Subscribe Archpub AON Web Ring Site Map ... Visitors from Europe - Click here to move to our UK index RELATED SUBJECTS Cultural Anthropology Agricultural Anthro. Forensics Gender Studies Human Origins Linguistics - Anthro. Medical Anthropology Paleoethnobotany Physical Anthropology Psychological Anthro. Visual Anthropology FIRST-TIME VISITORS WELCOME ! Click here to learn more about finding a book, pricing, and delivery information. WEBMASTERS Join AON Books Associates Program Sites Linking to AON Books FEATURING 30% Off... Who Killed Homer? List Price: Our Price: You Save: WHAT`S NEW ? Books Published Last Month Archaeology Anthropology Ancient History ARCHPUB Get e-mail about recent and forthcoming archaeology publications. Subscribe ArchPub FEATURED TOPICS Classical Archaeology Prehistoric Archaeology American Archaeology Archaeological Method and Theory ... Cultures in association with DEVELOPMENT ANTHROPOLOGY I II III IV ... Malaysia and the 'Original People' : A Case Study of the Impact of Development on Indigenous Peoples by Robert Knox Dentan (Editor) Our Price: Africa : Dilemmas of Development Usually ships in 24 hours Peter Lewis(Editor) / Paperback / Published 1998 Our Price: $30.00

45. Casas Workers Serving refugees hosting volunteer teams. dan, write Bill a note. Bryan Diane.africa. Serving isolated indigenous peoples by flying and doing dental hygiene. http://www.gocasas.com/workers.htm

casas workers How to pray for your workers Many Casas workers have a Sending Team which daily prays for them, weekly writes them, monthly meets together for prayer and idea exchange, quarterl y calls them or instant messages them, and yearly (or once during their term of service) visits them. Each Sending Team exists (a) to help their worker reach their people group and (b) to connect the worker to our church. These Sending Teams are coached by the Missionary Care Team name region work sending team contact write note Bill South America Providing technology to help workers translate the Scriptures into indigenous language write Bill a note Bill Western Europe Write to Bill's Sending Team contact person at Casas, Dan write Bill a note Africa Connecting needy people with resources by flying; serving AIDS orphans Southeast Asia Serving isolated indigenous peoples by flying and doing dental hygiene Southeast Asia Serving Asia's poor by providing medical care Sensitive Areas Eastern Europe Narnia Sharing God's love through culturally sensitive media Janelle Africa write Janelle a note South America Helping tribal people form indigenous faith communities Southeast Asia Arctic Sharing God’s love with tribal people of Siberia by flying South America Helping tribal people form indigenous faith communities Laura Eastern Europe Serving women and children by teaching and sharing Jesus Write to Laura's Sending Team contact person at Casas, Marilyn

46. WebPulaaku/Sokoto/H.A.S. Johnston/The Fulani Empire Of Sokoto/ dan Galadima a title. Gida(n) the house (of). HaaBe a word used by the Fulani todescribe the indigenous peoples of the Sudan. Maghreb Moslem North africa. http://www.pulaaku.net/defte/hasJohnston/glossary.html

webPulaaku Sokoto H.A.S. Johnston. The Fulani Empire of Sokoto London. Ibadan. Nairobi: Oxford University Press. 1967. 312 p. Glossary Ajele an executive official (literally Deputy) in Nupe. Alhaji courtesy title accorded to any man who has made the Pilgrimage to Mecca. The Hausa form of Haffl. Alkali a judge in a Moslem court. Alkalin Alkalai Moslem Chief Justice. ArDo a Fulani title, often accorded to the head of a clan or sub-clan. Askia the title of the rulers of the Songhai Empire after Muhammad Askia. Atikawa the members of the Atilm branch of the Sokoto ruling family. -awa suffix meaning 'the people of', e.g. Gobirawa, the people of Gobir. Ba- Banza Bakwai Barebari Berber. Birni n a walled town, hence a city. Chief this title has been used to describe the rulers of the Hausa States in distinction to 'Emir', which has been reserved for their Fulani successors. Chiroma a title originating in Bornu but later widely adopted by the Hausas and die Fulani. Normally reserved for members of the ruling family. Dagachi another tide originating in Bornu but adopted in Hausaland, particularly in the eastern Emirates, and retained by the Fulani. Dan son of, equivalent of Arabic

47. 474links to Economic Globalization Seattle indigenous peoples Declaration, 1999 South Summit,Gauteng South africa November 1821 Direct Action Network (dan)'s history http://lamar.colostate.edu/~america/474links.html

Linked up in Seattle 474 home vents and actions america home Research Links for studying anti-globalization Globalization: the actors the G8 World Trade Organization (WTO) Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) World Bank International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Chamber of Commerce World Economic Forum (Davos Group) United Nations Global Compact New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) Introductory Criticism of Globalization Walden Bello, "Why Reform of the WTO is the Wrong Agenda" IMF/World Bank basic intro (there's a whole section on IMF/WB below) Testimony before Subcommittee on International Monetary Policy and Trade of the House Committee on Financial Services , Hearing on U.S. Policy toward the African Development Bank and African Development Fund, April 25, 2001 Brian Dominick, "Thoughts on the Anti-capitalist Globalization Movement" 6.11.01 at Z Media Institute Center for National Security Studies' analysis of the 1996 Omnibus anti-terrorism act Canadian Security Intelligence Service

48. Liberal Democrats Bookshop NoNonsense Guide to indigenous peoples, Lotte Hughes, £7.00. and Outlaws in theGlobal Village, dan Plesch, £5.00. South africa A Modern History, Rodney Davenport, http://bookshop.libdems.org.uk/category.jsp?ID=158

49. Contents Highlights Also Inside. 2 UN Earth Summit in africa Continued from page 1. 2 -indigenous peoples Consultation in St. 7 - CELEBRATING GENOCIDE ! By dan Brook. http://www.uctp.org/Volume5/OctDec2002/contents.html

Highlights Also Inside 2 - UN Earth Summit in Africa Continued from page 1 2 - Indigenous Peoples Consultation in St. Lucia Highlights Also Inside 2 - UN Earth Summit in Africa Continued from page 1 2 - Indigenous Peoples Consultation in St. Lucia ... CALENDER OF EVENTS

50. DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY ADJUNCT FACULTY dan Bruce. Desert Areas of West Asia and africa. Topic specializations Health wellbeing of indigenous peoples. Sample Publications In press. http://www.ouc.bc.ca/anth/department_FACULTY.htm

DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY OKANAGAN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE ANTHROPOLOGY FACULTY: James Baker, Emeritus Dr. Roberta Robin Dods Dr. Diana E. French Dr. Richard Garvin Dr. Naomi McPherson (on Sabbatical 2002-2003) Dr. Sandra Peacock Dr. William R. Thurston (Chair) INDIGENOUS STUDIES FACULTY ADJUNCT FACULTY: Dan Bruce Dr. Dorothy A.E. Counts Dr. David R. Counts Mike J. Young CURRENT FACULTY Roberta Robin Dods BA (Honours) 1974 Toronto, MA 1975 Toronto, PhD 1998 London Associate Professor Research areas: Northern hemisphere boreal forests Desert Areas of West Asia and Africa Topic specializations: Landscape archaeology Wetland / Dryland habitats Prehistoric human ecology Prehistoric economies Ethnohistory of northern boreal Native Peoples of Canada Theoretical archaeology Sample publications: 2002 The Death of Smokey Bear: the ecodisaster myth and forest management practices in prehistoric North America. World Archaeology 33:3 (Feb.2002).

51. SO 3135 Gold Europe’s Conquest of indigenous peoples, “The Conquest the Islamic Worldand africa Islamic Revitalization Wahabbism, dan Fodio, and http://online.middlesex.cc.ma.us/so3135/home.htm

SYLLABUS SO 3135 History of World Civilizations Since 1500 Dr. Kalivas World History at Middlesex Homepage Texts, Grades, and Course Policies Required Readings: Robert Tignor, et al. Worlds Together, Worlds Apart: A History of the Modern World from the Mongol Empire to the Present . W.W. Norton and Company, 2002. Ronald Wright, Stolen Continents: The New World Through Indian Eyes. Houghton Mifflin, 1992. Mark Cocker, Rivers of Blood, Rivers of Gold: Europe’s Conquest of Indigenous Peoples. Grove Press, 2001. Avi Shlaim, War and Peace in the Middle East: A Concise History. Revised and Expanded Edition, Penguin Books, 1995. In addition to the assigned texts, there are lectures and world history websites that accompany each week of this course. Please be sure to complete all the assigned readings texts, websites, and online lectures in a timely manner. Thank you. Internet Attendance Policy: Participation in online discussions in the Discussion section is the only way to have a "class," so your active participation in weekly discussions is a requirement for this course. Thank you.

52. Education World® - *Social Sciences : Cultural Studies : Indigenous Peoples : A historical, cultural, and artistic diversity of african peoples. africa Tribe BackgroundPaper Carnegie Foundation paper of the Sheikh Uthman dan Fodio, one http://db.education-world.com/perl/browse?cat_id=4023

53. FPP Web Page2 visual depiction of indigenous peoples struggles around the globe. Crimes Against Nature and indigenous peoples. Vandana Shiva will What Is Working in South africa? (Tivoli 320C) http://www.gn.apc.org/forestpeoples/Briefings/World%20Bank/FPPIPbriefingOctober0

PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS ON THE REVISION OF THE WORLD BANK POLICY ON INDIGENOUS PEOPLES [OCTOBER-DECEMBER 2001] Essential Information for Indigenous Peoples’ Organisations and Activists Briefing prepared by the Forest Peoples Programme October 2001 The purpose of this briefing is to provide indigenous peoples and civil society organisations with summary information about the fundamental concerns surrounding the current revision of the World Bank’s safeguard policy on Indigenous Peoples. The end of the briefing provides details where further information can be obtained. The importance of a strong safeguard policy on Indigenous Peoples The World Bank’s policy on Indigenous Peoples is of crucial importance for indigenous peoples because it will determine how Bank staff and borrower governments deal with indigenous communities affected by their development projects and programmes. Mandatory provisions that respect indigenous peoples’ rights are very important because they provide affected indigenous peoples with a clear mechanism to raise concerns with Bank staff, implementing agencies and, if problems continue, with the Bank’s Inspection Panel. It is also important to realise that a strong and useful Indigenous Peoples Policy underpins the effectiveness and credibility of other key safeguards including the Bank’s Involuntary Resettlement, Environmental Assessment and Forests policies

54. Biowatch SA - Biopiracy Summit Programme and indigenous People, Debra Harry, indigenous peoples Council on Hunting in Colombianindigenous Communities, Lorenzo and traditional knowledge, dan Leskien, The http://www.biowatch.org.za/s2sprog.htm

Second South-South Biopiracy Summit "Biopiracy - Ten Years Post-Rio" Hosted by Biowatch South Africa 22-23 August 2002 St Stithians College, Johannesburg, South Africa DAY ONE: Thursday, 22 August 2002 CIVIL SOCIETY AWARENESS RAISING and CAPACITY BUILDING WORKSHOP - MEARS HALL Speakers’ Factsheets: Where speakers’ names appear in dark red, these are links to the speaker’s factsheet. TIME Registration Conference opening and welcome Biowatch South Africa Keynote Address: The Making of A Biopirate! Dr Tewolde Berhan Egziabher -ISD, Ethiopia PARALLEL SESSION 1: 09:10 - 12:45 RESOURCE CENTRE LECTURE THEATRE MEARS HALL SESSION 1: BIOPROSPECTING, Empty promises or real rewards? SESSION 2: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE. Profiting from or protecting communities? TIME TOPIC PRESENTER TIME TOPIC PRESENTER Dragged From Under The Sea: Experiences in Regulating Marine Bioprospecting in the Philippines Elpidio V. Peria , SEARICE, Philippines Community Research Protocols in Sabah Jannie Lasimbang , PACOS, Malaysia Bioprospecting models in Meso-America: promises and outcomes.

55. HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH Publications Portugues Francais Russian 6 See Anaya, indigenous peoples, p. 106. 11 Ibid., Article 7 (1) states, the peoplesconcerned shall and Land Use Planning Unit (Inventarisasi dan Tata Guna http://www.hrw.org/reports/2003/indon0103/Indon0103-06.htm

Africa Americas Asia Europe/Central Asia ... More... VII. INDIGENOUS LAND RIGHTS What could we do? Nobody said no to the [security] `apparatus' (aparat) in those days. We often heard about people being arrested or just disappearing. So when they came here wearing their guns, we just kept our mouths shut. -Villager from Mandigangin Indigenous Malay and Sakai communities have had vast areas of constitutionally protected customary land seized for Arara Abadi's pulp plantations, without due process and under intimidation by state actors. These seizures, although viewed by company representatives as the legal exercise of the rights granted to them by the state, were in violation of both international standards and constitutional provisions for indigenous property rights. Furthermore, the issuance of Arara Abadi's concession is based on a flawed interpretation of "unowned land" that unlawfully permitted the designation of indigenous land as "state forest." This fundamental problem of indigenous lands that have been inappropriately classified as "state forest" is one that must be addressed in order to stem the rising tide of violence around forest operations as well as to bring security to this economically important industry. Indigenous Property Rights and International Law Governments are entitled to confiscate land for public purposes, if done according to law, with public participation, due process and adequate compensation. Indonesia's designation of huge tracts of land as unowned and the subsequent transfer of land to business interests ignored pre-existing indigenous rights specifically recognized by the Constitution. Article 18 of the 1945 Constitution states: "The State of the Republic of Indonesia respect the status of self-governing villages (

56. LA REVISIÓN DE LA POLÍTICA DEL BANCO MUNDIAL SOBRE PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS Translate this page dan Aronson daronson@worldbank.org. Questions Tom Griffiths, Forest peoples Programme,tom@fppwrm.gn.apc.org. Return to the BIC's indigenous peoples Page. http://www.bicusa.org/ptoc/htm/fpp_revisiondelapolitica.htm

LA REVISIÓN DE LA POLÍTICA DEL BANCO MUNDIAL SOBRE PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS: CONSULTAS PÚBLICAS [Octubre-diciembre de 2001] Forest Peoples Programme World Rainforest Movement octubre, 2001 Información esencial para las organizaciones indígenas y activistas Esta nota informativa tiene como fin el presentar información resumida a las organizaciones indígenas y a la sociedad civil acerca de las inquietudes fundamentales que rodean la revisión corriente de la política del Banco Mundial sobre Pueblos Indígenas. La última parte de la nota indica donde se puede conseguir más información sobre este tema. La importancia de una política efectiva sobre pueblos indígenas La política del BM sobre Pueblos Indígenas es muy importante porque determina como el personal del Banco y sus prestatarios gubernamentales tratan con las comunidades indígenas afectadas por sus proyectos y programas de desarrollo. Las estipulaciones obligatorias que respetan los derechos indígenas son importantes porque constituyen un mecanismo que puede ser utilizado por la gente afectada para manifestar sus inquietudes frente al personal del Banco y los entes ejecutores. Si este proceso no da resultado, pueden presentar sus quejas al Panel de Inspección. Los pueblos indígenas exigen una política de salvaguardia más eficaz

57. Indigenous Peoples Site Map Natimage Image Map Page peoples United Mexico's indigenous peoples Expanding Millennium Pledge of Allegianceindigenous Manifesto Iroquois Horse/Tashunkewitko (Lakota) dan George Dull http://www.indigenouspeople.net/natmap.htm

Indigenous Peoples' Literature - Site Map Main Index Choose from Site Index Root Directory What Is Unique to This Site What's New Site Map (Graphical) Indigenous Nations Daily Inspirational Words Videos I P L Movies Music Indigenous Music Art Native American Art Native American Art I Indigenous Art Trial by Cartoon Zapatista Art Gallery Virtual Art Gallery of Chiapas Sites Supported by IPL Indigenous Peoples Survival Foundation Frontera de la Palabra Chiapas Menu Europe, Asia, Africa, and Oceania African Literature Arabic Literature Persian Literature Four Directions Inc. United Confederation Of Taino People (UCTP) Atihuibancex Mountain Wind Group Special Sites created by IPL Coyote and the Another One Coyote's Tales Five Generations of a Blackfoot Family Gaelic (Celtic) Peoples' Literature Grandmother's Creation Story Hawaiian Book of Days Indigenous Peoples of Taiwan Latvia/Livonia Peoples' Literature Lipan Apache Story for Children with Cancer Sun Child Taino People Biaraku Walking Back the Cat Midwest Consortium for Latino Research Zapatista II Indigenous Peoples of Mexico Aztecs Huichol Kiliwa Mayas Native Nations/Languages of Mexico Purepecha Tarahumara Tlahui Yaqui Zapoteco Mexican Stories Bridging Worlds Garbage People Husband/Wife Team Heal Spirit Lost In Mexico Maya Indians No Longer Hide Faith Mexico Honors Indians of the Past?

58. Indigenous Peoples Of North America have benefitted from this native peoples' treatment centre native land and reducedthe indigenous population from A GOOD DAY REMEMBERING CHIEF dan GEORGE 44 http://www.library.yorku.ca/SMIL/subjectguides/Area_Studies/indigenous.htm

LIBRARY HOME SMIL HOME COLLECTIONS FILMOGRAPHIES ... MUSIC RESOURCES Print this page Library Home Sound and Moving Image Library Subject Guides to Films and Videos INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF NORTH AMERICA Last updated October 2001 The films and videorecordings listed below are owned by York University Libraries and available for academic use by the York University community. Requests for these materials can be made in writing, by telephone, or in person to the 125 Scott Library York University 4700 Keele Street North York, Ontario M3J 1P3 E-Mail: imagelib@yorku.ca Telephone:416-736-2100 ext.33324 Fax:416-736-5838 Fall/Winter Hours: Summer Hours: Monday - Thursday 9 am - 9 pm Monday - Thursday 9 am - 7 pm Friday 9 am - 8 pm Friday 9 am - 5 pm noon - 5 pm Closed Weekends Please note the following abbreviations: MP 16mm film VC VHS videotape VC 3/4 3/4" videotape ACTS OF DEFIANCE 105 min. 1992 VC #1588 National Film Board of Canada On the spot reportage details the 1990 standoff between the Mohawk people of Kahnawake, and the municipality of Oka, and the Quebec and federal governments.

59. Unasylva - No. 186 - Forest - Dependent People - Beyond "participation": Indigen of improving protected area conservation in africa. Forest Research Institute, DebraDan, India, organized In E. Kemf, (éd.), indigenous peoples and protected http://www.fao.org/docrep/w1033E/w1033e08.htm

Beyond "participation": indigenous peoples, biological diversity conservation and protected area management M. Colchester Marcus Colchester is Director of the Forest Peoples Programme of the World Rain forest Movement. Chadlington, United Kingdoms Attempts to involve local communities in protected area management usually fail when initiated and directed by outsiders. This article focuses on some of The fundamental issues related to indigenous peoples and natural resource conservation. Western concepts of humankind's place in nature underlie the premises of wilderness conservation and present obstacles to indigenous residents. Imposed conservationist visions have led to forced relocation, impoverishment, human rights abuse and a breakdown of traditional systems of resource management. Conservation organizations are adopting new policies for working with indigenous peoples but, at the same time, top-down conservation and global environmental management by large development agencies threaten to reverse this progress. Conservationists need to develop new means of accountability to ensure that indigenous peoples' needs and rights are respected. Classical conservation The roots of conservation lie very deep in historical views of humankind's place in nature. However, whereas in recent years there has been an increasing acceptance of the value of indigenous knowledge systems as providing effective means of regulating human interaction with the environment, there has been much less scrutiny of the degree to which "scientific" notions of nature conservation have been shaped by Western cultural traditions and political economies.

60. Participants Misplaced Traditions British Lawyers, Colonial peoples, Law in at the Instituteof indigenous Government in dan obtained his doctorate in Political Science http://www.digitalstudio.educ.ubc.ca/exploratory_workshop/pages/participants.htm

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