1. Colombian History Furnishes an overview of the history of Columbia from the country's discovery by the Spanish in 1510 to 1903. HISTORY. When the first spaniards arrive to what is now Colombia, the largest and widespread culture was the Chibchas. http://www.ddg.com/LIS/aurelia/colhis.htm

HISTORY When the first spaniards arrive to what is now Colombia, the largest and widespread culture was the Chibchas. They were concentrated mainly in the highland basins and valleys of the Cordillera Oriental. The first Spanish settelment was established in 1510 on the coast of the Gulf of Uraba (Caribbean Sea) but was abandoned after a few years. Santa Marta and Cartagena (founded in 1525 and 1533, respectively) were the earliest permanent settlements. Bogota was founded in 1538, followed by more than twenty other settlements by the middle of the sixteenth century. About the same time, spaniards moving northward from Peru reached southern Colombia and founded Pasto and Popayan. Spanish settlement grew and expanded during the seventeenth century, stimulated by the sources of gold and silver. Gradually, an increasing number of sttlers turned to agriculture. Large estates were established using the Indians and later Africans for forced labor. Colombia was part of the territory known as the Viceroyalty of Nueva Granada (established in 1740), which also extended over present-day Panama, Venezuela, and Ecuador . The population of Colombia was estimated at aproximately 800,000 in 1770. It is believed to have crossed the 1-million mark early in the nineteenth century.

2. Colombian History University of the Andes describes the region's preColumbian inhabitants, and touches on every major historical period thereafter. OUR HISTORY. 1. Precolombian Colombia In the colombian Atlantic Coast ( Monsú and Puerto Hormiga) there are also equivalent traces of communities that were http://www.uniandes.edu.co/ingles/Colombia/Historia/historia.html

OUR HISTORY Precolombian Colombia Up to a short while, it was believed that in the American Cultural Formative Stage the most precocious cultural expressions were supposed to be given in territories in Mesoamerica, until the maya, olmeca, tolteca, zapoteca and teothiuacana civilizations were developped; these were followed by the Aztecs . Or in Peru, where the Chavin, Paracas, Mochica, Nazca and Huari- Tiahuanacu, which derived from the Incas , were originated. Both processes took place between five hundred years b.C. and the first millenium of the Christian Era. Today it is known that the first intensive agriculture related to stable establishments was originated in the amazoni c jungle , and parted from there in the year 4.000 b.C. towards the coasts. In Ecuador they have discovered traces that have been left there for more than 3.000 years, because in those times, the people were dedicated to cultivate yuca and corn, a long time before Mexico or the andean plateau. In the colombian Atlantic Coast ( ) there are also equivalent traces of communities that were dedicated to the recollection of molasses in the fourth millenium b.C. The fields in Puerto Hormiga abound in rocks, hearths, shell deposits, bones and ceramic designs that were analogous to the ones in

3. Colombian History Contemporary articles from periodicals collected by The World History Archives http://www.emulateme.com/history/colomhist.htm

History of Colombia History Home Page CountryReports.org Shop our Online Store! Discuss World Issues! ... The Liberal Tenure Afghanistan Albania Algeria Angola Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Bolivia Bulgaria Cambodia Chad Chile China Congo, Dem. Rep. Colombia Comoros Cyprus Czech Republic Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Ethiopia Finland Georgia Germany Ghana Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakstan Korea, North Korea, South Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Libya Madagascar Mauritania Moldova Mongolia Nepal Nicaragua Nigeria Oman Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Saudi Arabia Seychelles Singapore Somalia Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Syria

4. Colombian History Contemporary articles from periodicals collected by The World History ArchivesCategory Regional South America Society and Culture History......History of Colombia. Click here to visit oursponsor. Buy a History or Related Book ~. http://www.countryreports.org/history/colomhist.htm

History of Colombia History Home Page CountryReports.org Shop our Online Store! Discuss World Issues! ... The Liberal Tenure Afghanistan Albania Algeria Angola Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Bolivia Bulgaria Cambodia Chad Chile China Congo, Dem. Rep. Colombia Comoros Cyprus Czech Republic Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Ethiopia Finland Georgia Germany Ghana Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakstan Korea, North Korea, South Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Libya Madagascar Mauritania Moldova Mongolia Nepal Nicaragua Nigeria Oman Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Saudi Arabia Seychelles Singapore Somalia Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Syria

5. An Overview Of Recent Colombian History An Overview of Recent colombian history. XIX Century. After achievingits independence from Spain, Colombia experiences numerous civil http://colhrnet.igc.org/timeline.htm

An Overview of Recent Colombian History XIX Century After achieving its independence from Spain, Colombia experiences numerous civil confrontations and uprisings. By the middle of the century, religious, economic and political powers were concentrated in a handful of families. There were reactions against the oligarchic society's hierarchic racism like the 1841 war in which slaves and indigenous peoples rebelled against their masters. While often characterized as conflict between the incipient liberal and conservative movements, many of these wars reflected a confrontation between the privileged and the underclass. The liberal and conservative parties begin to take form in Colombia. During their formation process that would extend into the early XX century, the philosophies of the parties underwent various transformations. The Constitution of 1886 consolidated the central government and eliminated federalism as a means to counteract the state of institutional chaos and fiscal bankruptcy, and to end rivalries among political chieftains. However, many democratic rights were suspended. Persecution against radical sectors opposing the government led to the War of the Thousand Days. The war is followed by a period of brutal repression of the union movement and of indigenous people that extended into the 1920s. This war consolidated the bipartisan system.

6. Peace For Colombia: A Great Alliance Against Crime President Andrés Pastrana was elected by the largest majority everin colombian history. The country was tired of the scandals http://colhrnet.igc.org/newsletter/y1999/winter99art/victorr.htm

Peace for Colombia: A Great Alliance Against Crime I wish to give thanks for the opportunity to appear in this forum where important analysts of American and Latin American life come together to speak on issues of peace and human rights. I wish to title my presentation "Peace for Colombia: A Great Alliance Against Crime." The Colombian crisis is a summation of crises that have gone unresolved throughout our history. Colombia has known peace and security only for brief periods, and is characterized instead as a country of high levels of violence and human rights violations. The Colombian political process is markedly behind in matters of both mechanisms for political participation and the democratic distribution of opportunities. An important factor in this backwardness is a regional disparity resulting from both contemporary obstacles and the weight of history.... The primary guerrilla force in Colombia is the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, or FARC. They have achieved considerable development to the point that many consider them a true army. The sustainability of the Colombian insurgency is explainable to a great extent by its irregular war practices. These include kidnaping, providing armed protection for narcotics growers (though one cannot justify identifying the guerrilla as a drug cartel), hold-ups of regional development banks, and extortion of periodic payments (the so-called "

7. An Overview Of Recent Colombian History An Overview of Recent colombian history After achieving its independence from Spain, Colombia experiences numerous civil confrontations and uprisings. http://www.igc.apc.org/colhrnet/timeline.htm

An Overview of Recent Colombian History XIX Century After achieving its independence from Spain, Colombia experiences numerous civil confrontations and uprisings. By the middle of the century, religious, economic and political powers were concentrated in a handful of families. There were reactions against the oligarchic society's hierarchic racism like the 1841 war in which slaves and indigenous peoples rebelled against their masters. While often characterized as conflict between the incipient liberal and conservative movements, many of these wars reflected a confrontation between the privileged and the underclass. The liberal and conservative parties begin to take form in Colombia. During their formation process that would extend into the early XX century, the philosophies of the parties underwent various transformations. The Constitution of 1886 consolidated the central government and eliminated federalism as a means to counteract the state of institutional chaos and fiscal bankruptcy, and to end rivalries among political chieftains. However, many democratic rights were suspended. Persecution against radical sectors opposing the government led to the War of the Thousand Days. The war is followed by a period of brutal repression of the union movement and of indigenous people that extended into the 1920s. This war consolidated the bipartisan system.

8. Pre-Colombian History Welcome Travelogues. Precolombian history in South America. These fewnotes aim to provide some historical background to better understand http://berclo.net/page94/94en-hist-sam-pc.html

Welcome Travelogues Pre-Colombian History in South America These few notes aim to provide some historical background to better understand the events that have shaped the people I have met in the countries I visited in South America. According to conventional wisdom, South America has been inhabited for about 20,000 years by hunters and gatherers who began developing agriculture around 4000 BC Christ using the slash and burn technique still used today by some isolated tribes of Amazonia. The first permanent agricultural settlements appeared about 3 500 BC in areas where the quasi nomadic slash and burn technique was not applicable such as the coastal river valleys that required irrigation to control the seasonal runoff from the Andes and the highlands where it was necessary to build terraces to create farmable land. These new labour intensive agricultural techniques required a consensus on how the collective efforts of each community should be spent and that required stable structures based on a common set of values and beliefs. Each community invented their own gods which were generally concerned with keeping a calendar of the seasons and with providing fertility to the land and the people. Little is known of these early religions that developed independently during 1000 years in many places on the coast ( Valdivia , Huaca Prieta, Salinas de Chao, Aspero, Piedra Parada, El Paraiso), and in the highlands (Kotosh, Shillacoto, Wairai-jirca, Huaricoto, La Galgada, Piruru).

9. Guatemala In 2001 ( ) I have covered the precolombian history of Guatemala in the page on the historyof the Maya Nation so I will only mention some of the post Colombian events http://berclo.net/page01/01en-guatemala-1.html

Welcome Travelogues Begin trip Previous: El Salvador Guatemala Capital: Guatemala City Area: 108 890 km² Population: 10 801 000 Currency: 1 US$ = 7.8 Quetzal GDP: 101 / 4 100$ HDI: CPI TSI: 2000 data I have covered the pre-Colombian history of Guatemala in the page on the history of the Maya Nation so I will only mention some of the post Colombian events that I perceive as having caused Guatemala to be as it is today. The Maya culture had gone through its decadence (900 to 1000 AD), and the Toltec-Maya renaissance was itself entering decadence through Cocom and Xiu conflicts when the Spanish struck around 1530 after first having dispatched the powerful Aztecs. The brutal eradication of the Maya culture by the Spanish ranks with the genocide of Christian Armenians by Muslim Turks in 1915 and the holocaust perpetrated on Jews by Nazis during W.W.II. After the conquest, the Maya majority survived by adopting the disguise a Christianity which hid their own traditional deities. They survived , but they were completely excluded from the centres of power which were fought over by extremist Conservatives and Liberals with a violence characteristic of the Spanish Heritage in its ex colonies.

10. Colombian History Resources At Questia - The Online Library Of colombian history Resources at Questia The Online Library of Booksand Journals. The World's Largest Online Library. colombian history. http://www.questia.com/popularSearches/colombian_history.jsp

11. 1Up Info > Colombian History, Biographies - Encyclopedia Guide • News. Search 1Up Info. ENCYCLOPEDIA . colombian history,Biographies Articles. • Arboleda, Julio • Lleras Camargo http://www.1upinfo.com/encyclopedia/categories/colhistbio.html

History People Places Wildlife, Animals, and Plants ... News Search 1Up Info ENCYCLOPEDIA Colombian History, Biographies Articles Arboleda, Julio Lleras Camargo, Alberto Lleras Restrepo, Carlos Reyes, Rafael ... Zea, Francisco Antonio Editor's Pick Cricket World Cup 2003 Atomic Bomb Colin Powell Cricket ... World War II Content on this web site is provided for informational purposes only. We accept no responsibility for any loss, injury or inconvenience sustained by any person resulting from information published on this site. We encourage you to verify any critical information with the relevant authorities. Home Contact Us Privacy Links Directory ©1Up Info

12. 1Up Info > Samper Pizano, Ernesto (Colombian History, Biographies) - Encyclopedi You are here 1Up Info Encyclopedia colombian history, Biographies SamperPizano, Ernesto, colombian history, Biographies. Samper Pizano, Ernesto. http://www.1upinfo.com/encyclopedia/S/SmprPzno.html

You are here 1Up Info Encyclopedia Colombian History, Biographies Samper Pizano, Ernesto ... News Search 1Up Info ENCYCLOPEDIA Colombian History, Biographies Samper Pizano, Ernesto Related Category: Colombian History, Biographies Samper Pizano, Ernesto rn Pronunciation Key Related Resources and Utilities AMAZON All Products Books Magazines Popular Music Classical Music Video DVD Electronics Software Outdoor Living Wireless Phones Computers Outlet Read articles on eLibrary: Encyclopedia Topics History People Places Content on this web site is provided for informational purposes only. We accept no responsibility for any loss, injury or inconvenience sustained by any person resulting from information published on this site. We encourage you to verify any critical information with the relevant authorities. Home Contact Us Privacy Links Directory ©1Up Info

13. Pre Colombian History The lake being the beautiful place that it is, you can bet that manydifferent cultures have attempted to stick around. The current http://www.santiagoatitlan.com/History/Pre_Colombian_History/pre_colombian_histo

The lake being the beautiful place that it is, you can bet that many different cultures have attempted to stick around. The current residents are relatively recent. The Tzutujiles and the Cakchiqueles arrived with the Quiche's around 1250 AD. from the "Lienzo de Taxcala" But before them the story went kind of like this; The Preclassic Period: At the end of the Pleistocene , hunters and gatherers probably inhabited parts of the highlandsThese people eventually settled down and engaged in simple farming.No Early Preclassic (1500 - 1000 BC) sites have been found in the highland part of this region, but there are signs that there were areas around the Nahualate river that were occupied. More information is available about the middle ( 1000- 600 BB) to late Preclassic(600 BC - AD 300 ) Periods. At this time Chukumuk, near the present day town of Santiago, starts showing signs of habitation.The estimate is that approx 100 people lived in Chukumuk at the time. They were not Mayas; their pottery shards are of Usultán ware, that was from eastern El Salvador. The Early Classic Period During the Early Classic Period (A.D.300- 700) terraces started appearing. This period is noted for the influence of Teotihuacan, a large site in central Mexico. Throughout Guatemala at this time there was a noted influence on the whole culture , including the makeup of the ceremonial sites.There was trade throughout the whole area.. There were still no large monumental centers built up.

14. An Overview Of Recent Colombian History, History, Colombia Update.com Home » Colombia Links » Arts and Entertainment » History » An Overviewof Recent colombian history. An Overview of Recent colombian history. http://www.colombiaupdate.com/links/ArtsEntertainment/History/20020119130137/vie

@import "http://www.colombiaupdate.com/global_css"; Home Photos Links Projects ... An Overview of Recent Colombian History An Overview of Recent Colombian History Posted by george http://www.igc.org/colhrnet/timeline.htm Post Your Comment Name Title Comments HTML formatting is not needed. Comment will be rendered as structured text. Site Map Articles Activism Bogota Civil Society ... Colombia Ring Reproduction in whole or in part, or translation without permission is prohibited. For information on reprinting content from this site contact us Login Subscribe Sponsors ... Colombia Ring

15. Genesis Gems / Pre-Colombian History PreColombian Goldwork. Courtesy of Museo Del Oro / Bogota, ColombiaColombia, one of Latin Americas riches countries in natural http://www.genesisny.net/PreHistory.html

Pre-Colombian Goldwork Courtesy of: Museo Del Oro / Bogota, Colombia Colombia , one of Latin Americas riches countries in natural resources is located in the northwest of South America. Washed by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and by the Pacific to the west, like a spinal column, the chain of the Andes Mountains stretches up from the south of the continent forming three fertile branches with countless valleys, plateaus and hillsides inhabited by the majority of the present-day population. The total land area is 1,141,748 sq km (440,831 sq mi). Colombia's varied topography also includes torrid lowlands; selvas (rain forests); and vast plains, or llanos. The principal river, the Magdalena, flows north across practically the entire country. Wildlife includes the larger South American mammals such as jaguars, pumas, and tapirs and monkeys, red deer, snakes, and birds. Colombia lies almost entirely in the Torrid Zone, between the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. The climate, however, varies with the elevation, with cooler temperatures at higher altitudes. In ancient times this land was occupied by societies governed by chiefs. Gold, the sacred metal, adorned the political leaders and was used as offerings to the gods. In the southwest of Colombia, the cultures which archaeologists call Tumaco, Calima, Malagana, Cauca, San Agustín, Tierradentro, Nariño, Quimbaya and Tolima, were the first to work the metal they found in the rivers.

16. History Of Ecuador Pre colombian history. For 12,000 years Ecuador has been home tovarious civilizations. Early cultures celebrated the history of http://www.galapagosonline.com/Background_Information/History/History_of_Ecuador

Pre Colombian History For 12,000 years Ecuador has been home to various civilizations. Early cultures celebrated the history of their forefathers through songs, dances, and story telling. Oral history was an important part of religious ceremonies. Little of this history remains today. The Spanish forcefully converted the indigenous culture to Catholicism, religious ceremonies were abandoned and many of the stories forgotten. The tales that endured are of the Inca's who arrived in Ecuador shortly before the Spanish. Information about earlier cultures is attributed to the archeological treasures discovered throughout the country. Ecuador is a young country archeologically speaking; the importance of unearthing and preserving ruins does not have the enthusiastic support of the country and scientists as in Mexico, Peru, Egypt or Turkey. Many of the country's ruins remain buried, left simply as a mysterious symbol of an earlier culture. One can only imagine what has left to be discovered. Opportunities to learn about Pre-Colombian cultures include the well-preserved ruins in Machalilla and Ingapirca or visiting one of the excellent museums housing collections of artwork and tools. The first known culture of Ecuador is the Las Vegas , a group of hunters and gathers who lived on the Santa Elena Peninsula between the Guayas Basin and Salinas. Living in houses and making textiles they enjoyed a varied economy and they existed by farming crops including maize and squash, hunting, and exploiting the mangroves for wood, oysters and other seafood. The museum "Museo de los Amantes de Sumpa" near Santa Elena houses displays of the Las Vegas and tells the story of their culture.

17. My First Class In Colombian History On Cyklotron.com My First Class in colombian history. george 11.08.2001. I attendedmy first class today at a local university History of Colombia http://cyklotron.com/w/20011108/view

@import "http://cyklotron.com/global_css"; home what's new photos about ... contact My First Class in Colombian History george I attended my first class today at a local university: History of Colombia I. I arrived early but hadn't read the homework. The lecture proved interesting but a bit beyond me. I have a lot of work to do! On the way home, I took the bus in the wrong direction and ended up falling (stupidly) when I went to get off. Not a bad start. Comment More on Colombia Last Modified: Comments i love what you are doing ............... by Anonymous User on 12.13.2001 05:53 AM Post Your Comment Name Title Comments HTML formatting is not needed. Comment will be rendered as structured text. home what's new photos about ... contact Check out Colombia Update , too! Designed and Hosted by Zettai.net Validate This Page

18. MetaCrawler Results | Search Query = Colombian History MetaSearch results for colombian history (1 to 20 of 84), Sites) More like this colombian history - HISTORY. When the first http://search.metacrawler.com/texis/search?q=Colombian History

19. Pre- Colombian History - Eduseek Home, Subjects, Help, Age Groups. Subjects History History 12+ Continentsand Countries South America Ecuador Pre- colombian history, Links. http://www.eduseek.com/navigate.php?ID=8603

20. Pre-colombian Precolombian history. back, Nicaragua has historically been at thecrossroads between northern and southern pre-Spanish civilizations http://www.elporvenir.org/html/pre-colombian.html

Pre-Colombian History Nicaragua has historically been at the crossroads between northern and southern pre-Spanish civilizations and cultures and there is evidence of human habitation dating back 30,000 years. In Managua near the crater lake of Acahualinca are some very well preserved human and animal footprints of what appears to be the remains of a mass fleeing of a volcanic eruption 6000 years ago. The best understood cultures are the For more information, please call (916) 736-3663 E-mail us at info@elporvenir.org Home About Us... Nica Info ... Links

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