1. Co-generation Technology Cogeneration Association. Energy Savings Potential for Cogeneration in using cogeneration with thermal energy storage. Although commonly in Europe, thermal energy storage has not http://www.newenergy.org/co-generation.html

Sustainable Energy Home Page publications organizations education ... Internet links Co-generation Cogeneration is a highly efficient means of generating heat and electric power at the same time from the same energy source. Displacing fossil fuel combustion with heat that would normally be wasted in the process of power generation, it reaches efficienciences that triple, or even quadruple, conventional power generation. Although cogeneration has been in use for nearly a century, in the mid-1980s relatively low natural gas prices made it a widely attractive alternative for new power generation. In fact, cogeneration is largely responsible for the dramatic decline of nuclear and hydraulic power plant construction that occurred in the 1980s. Cogeneration accounts for well over half of all new power plant capacity built in North America in the last decade. Cogeneration equipment can be fired by fuels other than natural gas. There are installations in operation that use wood, agricultural waste, peat moss, and a wide variety of other fuels, depending on local availability. To understand cogeneration, it is necessary to know that most conventional power generation is based on burning a fuel to produce steam. It is the pressure of the steam which actually turns the turbines and generates power, in an inherently inefficient process. Because of a basic principle of physics no more than one third of the energy of the original fuel can be converted to the steam pressure which generates electricity. Cogeneration, in contrast, makes use of the excess heat, usually in the form of relatively low-temperature steam exhausted from the power generation turbines. Such steam is suitable for a wide range of heating applications, and effectively displaces the combustion of carbon-based fuels, with all their environmental implications.

2. Co-generation, Industrial Co-generation And Public Sector Co-generation Cogeneration - co-generation provides green energy and environmental energy solutions. Clarke Energy co-generation energy solutions to industry and public sector. Co-generation. of heat that would normally be wasted. Clarke Energy Co-generation UK have an expert understanding of the engineering http://www.cogeneration-cogeneration.co.uk/co_generation/co_generation.htm

Co-generation - what is co-generation ? Co-generation is the generation of electricity with the recovery of heat that would normally be wasted. Clarke Energy Co-generation UK have an expert understanding of the engineering principles behind co-generation. Co-generation technology has been refined and developed over the years. Clarke Energy Co-generation systems can achieve efficiencies of up to 90%. Co-generation offers a large amount of flexibility and there is usually a combination of plant and fuels that can match most individual requirements. Co-generation strategy for your company Co-generation needs to be a part of your business strategy. Increased competition created by cheaper energy prices is one of the driving forces behind the increased use of co-generation in business today. Some of your competitors are using a co-generation strategy to reduce their energy costs!! Investing in Co-generation brings five direct benefits. Co-generation reduces your energy costs. Co-generation improves your profit margin and give your company a competitive edge.

3. Towards Local Energy Systems: Revitalizing District Heating And Co-Generation In In the document it is recognised that with cogeneration energy can be saved, theenvironment can be improved, costs can be cut and new, competitive actors can http://www.worldenergy.org/wec-geis/publications/reports/dh/country_studies/slov

Back to Country Studies Towards Local Energy Systems: Revitalizing District Heating and Co-Generation in Central and Eastern Europe The Development of Co-Generation in Slovenia by Hinko Solinc M. Sc., Adviser to the Government Ministry of Environment, Spatial Planning and Energy, hinko.solinc@gov.si The Government of Slovenia has stated in its Resolution on the Strategy of Energy Use and Supply of Slovenia, adopted by the National Assembly (Parliament) in January 1996, that it wishes to promote and support further development of co-generation in Slovenia. In the document it is recognised that with co-generation energy can be saved, the environment can be improved, costs can be cut and new, competitive actors can be introduced into the energy market. In quantitative terms the Resolution sets a target to double the volume of qualified power production (electric power production attaining very high efficiency or utilising waste or renewable sources in an economically and environmentally acceptable manner) by 2010. To this volume, co-generation is to contribute the main part. At the end of the 1999, the Slovenian Parliament adopted a new Energy law (Energetski zakon, Official. Gazette RS, No. 79/1999, 78/2000). The Law fundamentally changed the energy sector in Slovenia. The main choices made in the Energy law of 1999 are

4. Elgas Co-generation Meat (abattoirs) and some manufacturing processes require large quantities of heatand therefore provide ideal applications for cogeneration energy Systems. http://www.elgas.com.au/commercial/cogen.htm

The Benefits Reduced Fuel Cost A conventional electricity supply system is around 30% efficient with 70% waste heat loss. A co-generation system by producing both heat and power simultaneously can: increase efficiency up to 80% halve the cost of purchased electricity provide heat requirements at no additional cost displace expensive diesel fuel minimise environmental hazards from fuel spillage If a co-generation system is well matched to plant requirements for power and heat then an overall economic benefit will be obtained yielding a simple payback over 1 to 4 years. Security Of Supply Co-generation systems will also provide insurance against loss of electricity supply due to disruption by industrial action or accident. Futhermore a co-generation system can be arranged to operate in an emergency power generating mode in case of power failure. There for there is no need for investment in a non-returning diesel generating set. Finance and Operation For certain operations, Third Party Investors can arrange finance and operate co-generation systems; providing energy cost saving for no capital outlay and no additional complexity to your business operations.

5. (BDL) - Bradley International Airport - Press Release - November 4, 2002 cogeneration energy PLANT FULLY OPERATIONAL ON NOVEMBER 1, 2002.WINDSOR LOCKS, Connecticut — Friday, November 1, 2002 — As http://www.bradleyairport.com/grow/press/110402.shtml

Quick Links HOME SITE MAP THE RIGHT FLIGHTS Passenger Airlines -Major Airlines -Regional Airlines Terminal Maps -Terminal A -Terminal B -East Concourse Nonstop Service Flight Schedules Track A Flight Executive Clubs NORTHEAST'S FRONT DOOR Weather Visitor Information Accommodations Attractions EASY IN / OUT Airport Services Parking Options Ground Transportation AT YOUR SERVICE Special Needs Cargo Services / Concessions Brochures Travel Resources SEE BRADLEY GROW Construction News Bradley News Bradley History CONTACT BRADLEY Directory Employment FAQs CO-GENERATION ENERGY PLANT FULLY OPERATIONAL ON NOVEMBER 1, 2002 The co-generation plan was designed and constructed by Select Energy, Inc., of Natick, Massachusetts, which is a subsidiary of Northeast Utilities, with total construction costs being $10.9 million. As part of the 20-year agreement, Select Energy will operate and maintain the energy plant. The new co-generation plant at Bradley is estimated to save the Airport $4 million over the life of the agreement. Bradley International Airport is the second largest airport in New England. For more information regarding Bradley, go to the website at

6. S - SOL:SOURCES SOUGHT FOR ENHANCED-USE CO-GENERATION ENERGY (06/09/97) S SOURCES SOUGHT FOR ENHANCEDUSE co-generation energy PLANT DUE 063097 POC ContactEdward L. Bradley, III; Portfolio Manager, 202-565-4307 The Department http://www.fbodaily.com/cbd/archive/1997/06(June)/09-Jun-1997/Ssol011.htm

COMMERCE BUSINESS DAILY ISSUE OF JUNE 9,1997 PSA#1862 Department of Veterans Affairs, Facilities Management Office, Asset and Enterprise Development Office (189), 810 Vermont Avenue N.W., Washington DC 20420 Loren Data Corp. http://www.ld.com S - Utilities and Housekeeping Services Index Page

7.   Investment Projects : Energy 2-1-6 , A co-generation energyplant will be constructed in the industrial zone of Hengshui city....... Type, New cogeneration system. http://www.acca21.org.cn/bpip2-1-6.html

Brief Profiles Of Investment Projects For China's Agenda 21 Title Hengshui Co-generation Thermal Power Plant Type New co-generation system Description A co-generation energy plant will be constructed in the industrial zone of Hengshui city. The hi-technology combined clean coal combustion technology and the integrated gasfication combined cycle (IGCC) will be adopted including coal gasifier of 400 t/day, gas turbine, heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) and economizer. Multiple outputs of the plant will include electrical power, steam and hot water, coal gas, oxygen and nitrogen and chemical by-products such as sulfur, methyl alcohol, carbamide, etc. Rationale With the local economy booming, the environmental situation of Hengshui city has been deteriorating from the many industrial boilers and small steam and water turbines. This proposed plant will replace 38 small boilers and turbines of 10 tons, and will contribute greatly to environmental quality , alleviating problems of respiratory disease and deposits of soot from coal burning, and will also stimulate local economic development. The project will also provide residential heating for citizens of Hengshui. Outputs Electricity-generation: 20 MW;

8. EOO - Energy - Co-Generation EOO energy - co-generation. SEE ALSO Construction; Other energy; Environment - General - NGO/NPO; Environment http://www.envorgs.com/orgs/ener_cog.html

EOO - Energy - Co-Generation SEE ALSO: Construction ; Other ENERGY; Environment - General - NGO/NPO Environment - General - Products/Services International Non-U.S. Germany Japan New Zealand The Netherlands ... New Hampshire Energy - Renewable - Co-Generation - International INTGOV ASEAN COGEN Programme " identifies and promotes business opportunities for the implementation of Clean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration by facilitating Business between ASEAN Industries and EUROPEAN Suppliers." Founded: 1991. Located: Various, International. INTTA COGEN Europe " is the European Association for the Promotion of cogeneration. Its membership includes more than 190 power companies, power authorities and companies involved in cogeneration in 30 countries." Located: Unknown. INTTA " is the international association for district heating, cooling and combined heat and power (CHP)." Located: Brussels, Belgium. INTTA International District Energy Association (IDEA) " represents over 900 members who are district heating and cooling executives, managers, engineers, consultants and equipment suppliers from 20 countries." Founded: 1909. Located: Westborough, MA. INTPNP World Alliance for Decentalized Energy (WADE) " goal is to secure for its Members the wider worldwide use of highly efficient cogeneration and decentralized energy (DE) systems." Located: Edinburgh, UK.

9. Island Energy Co-generation cogeneration is simply use of the by-products of energy production to provide a second source of power. http://www.island-energy.com/cogeneration.htm

Island Energy Co-generation Home Island Energy Environmental Applications [ Island Energy Co-generation ] Island Energy New Construction Contact Us Island Energy Energy Efficiency Home ... Island Energy Environmental Applications Island Energy Co-generation Island Energy New Construction Contact Us Island Energy Energy Efficiency Co-generation is simply use of the by-products of energy production to provide a second source of power. A packaged Cogen unit utilizes a fuel-fired prime mover that drives an electrical generator, recovering the rejected heat through a very efficient process in the form of steam or hot water. This can be used for space cooling, domestic hot water, heating or industrial processes. Heat exchangers isolate the recovery system from other water systems. The entire Cogeneration System is modular. The Cogen Unit is sized to meet the building's thermal load. Whenever the Cogen System is operating, part of the facility's electrical load is, met by the Cogen Set, reducing electricity purchases from the utility. Packaged Cogen Sets have overall performance efficiencies in excess of 90% by recovering and utilizing virtually all rejected heat and avoiding utility transmission and distribution losses. The prime mover and generator are housed in a weatherproof, sound attenuated enclosure for installation indoors or out. The system is quiet and sound levels do not exceed normal nighttime noise levels. The complete operation of the Cogen System is constantly monitored by an Industrial Process Control Microcomputer. The Control System performs all interconnected scan, calculation and safety functions and is tied via modem, to the Service Center and the Factory. Incremental costs for Packaged Cogeneration Systems are completely recovered within two to five years due to outstanding economic factors. With the availability of multiple fuel sources and excessive electric rates, every Cogen fuel dollar yields at least two dollars of equivalent value.

10. Ocean-Resources.com - Page Not Found with manufacturers of boilers biomass to energy and cogeneration plants, industrial heating systems, disposing of http://www.ocean-resources.com/backissues/ngen-apr01/articles/8.asp

Page not found! The page you are looking for (404;http://www.ocean-resources.com/backissues/ngen-apr01/articles/8.asp) has been renamed or moved due to the launch of our new and improved website. Please use the search box to find the information that you were looking for, or click here to go to our home page! home top of page user agreement J.D. Irving Limited Marathon Canada Staffing Strategists Int.

11. ESCAP Energy News Recent And Ongoing Activities - Promotion Of Co-generation As the rapid implementation of cogeneration projects. For instance, state energy suppliers (electricity and gas companies) http://www.unescap.org/enrd/energy/een/cogeneration.htm

energy resource home publications ESCAP Energy News ESCAP Energy News Recent and Ongoing Activities Promotion of Co-generation as a Means of Pollution Control and Increasing in Energy Efficiency Within the framework of the implementation of the project on promotion of co-generation as a means of pollution control and increase in energy efficiency, funded by Japan, two subregional seminars, one in Viet Nam and the other in Bangladesh, successfully made headway towards creating greater awareness and possible acceptability of the co-generation technology. These subregional seminars aimed at creating awareness of co-generation among the national authorities, policy makers, utilities, industry representatives and others who are expected to benefit. The seminars also served as a platform for interaction between potential co-generators, manufacturers and/or suppliers of co-generation equipment (engines, turbines, pressure boilers, recovery boilers, absorption chillers, etc.), project developers, financiers and consultants who are involved in the development of co-generation in Bangladesh and Viet Nam. In addition to the international consultant, the energy efficiency expert and the Chief of the Energy Resources Section of the ESCAP secretariat, as well as invitees from neighbouring countries, took part and rendered valuable contributions to the seminars. In Viet Nam, the Subregional Seminar was held in Hanoi on 10 and 11 November 1998 preceded by a national seminar, held in Ho Chi Minh City on 9 November. The Hanoi Seminar was organized by the Department of Science Technology of the Ministry of Education and Training, and the Ho Chi Minh City Seminar by Trans Energy, a local non-governmental organization (NGO), with the support of the Department of Science Technology. In the national and subregional seminars in Viet Nam, in addition to a large number of local participants (51 in Ho Chi Minh City and 64 in Hanoi), including senior Government officials, representatives from academic institutions, NGOs and private sectors, participants from neighbouring countries - one each from Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines and three (a Government nominee and two self-sponsored) from Thailand - attended the Hanoi Seminar.

12. Co-generation - World-Wide Web Virtual Library US and Canada. Midwest Cogeneration Association; energy Savings Potentialfor Cogeneration in the United States; The Barriers to Combined http://www.energy.rochester.edu/cogen/

Cogeneration CHP Challenge sponsored by DOE's office of Industrial Technologies. College and University Cogeneration Plants in the US and Canada. Midwest Cogeneration Association Energy Savings Potential for Cogeneration in the United States The Barriers to Combined Heat and Power in Europe Cogeneration Buyers Guide ... A report on using cogeneration with thermal energy storage. Although commonly used in Europe, thermal energy storage has not been widely used with cogeneration in the United States. General Description: Cogeneration is the simultaneous production of heat and power in a single thermodynamic process. Almost all cogeneration utilizes hot air and steam for the process fluid, although certain types of fuel cells also cogenerate. History: Hot-air cogeneration, which is found in modern combustion turbines, can be traced back to medieval smokejacks. Steam cogeneration was first applied to the steamjack, which appeared in the early seventeenth century. By the late eighteenth century, waste steam from manufacturing processes was used to power steam engines, and the hot condenser water was used again for other process purposes. A complete history of cogeneration will be included here. Current Applications: Cogeneration today is widely used throughout the world for efficient production of heat and power. A

13. Welcome To Transparent Energy Systems Pvt. Ltd. Manufacturer of 96% Superefficient Boilers, Ammonia Absorption refrigeration Plants, Thermic Fluid Heaters/Hot Air Generators. Waste Heat Recovery Boilers, co-generation Systems, Water Recycling, Spray/Flash, and Fluid Bed Dryers. http://www.tespl.com

"Pushpa Heights", 1st Floor, Bibwewadi Corner, Pune -411037 (INDIA) Tel : 020-4212390, 4211347, Fax : 020-4212533 E-mail : trans@pn2.vsnl.net.in sales.pune@tespl.com Transparent Energy Systems Private Limited Business Groups Products WEBSITES HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEMS Waste Heat Recovery Boilers Waste Heat Recovery Thermic Fluid Heaters. Retrofits for Efficiency Improvement. - Combustion Air Preheater - Economisers - Condensate Recovery - Blow Down Heat Recovery - Flash Steam Recovery www.tespl.com Steamstar - 96 % efficient Oil / Gas fuelled smoke tube boiler. Tejaswi Agrostar - CMP : 87% Solid fuel fired composite boiler having water walled furnace with fire tube convection section. Agrostar - SEF : 85% Solid fuel fired boiler having external furnace with smoke tube convection section. Steampack - 93% efficient, horizontal / vertical coil type instant steaming Boiler, capacity 100-850 kg/hr. Coilstar - www.tespl.com

14. Pourslo.com energy conservation and cogeneration are Pourslo's long-term strategies. Forest industry, agriculture and city waste by-products and residues are PIDs primary sources of renewables for power generation. http://www.pourslo.com

15. Welcome To IPPSO Keywords Renewable energy Sustainable energy Solar energy cogeneration CogenerationDistrict energy District Heating and Cooling Wind energy Biomass energy http://www.newenergy.org/

Click here to get listed in the 2004 edition of the Canadian Power Directory Inaugural meeting of the Industry Task Force on Distributed Generation, March 5, 2003 Hosted at Toronto Hydro, to explore options for more effective integration of distributed generation in the context of changes resulting from Bill 210. "Maximizing the Competition" The 14th Annual Canadian Independent Power Conference and Trade Show which took place in Toronto October 28 and 29, 2002 "Early Market Operations" Click here for information on IPPSO's one-time-only stakeholder workshop featuring the IMO on June 26, 2002 in Toronto IPPSO's presentation to the Ontario Electricity Restructuring Forum on the possible privatization of Hydro One, May 6, 2002 How is Ontario's Reserve Margin? ... IPPSO's 2000 Conference "Your Place in the New Power Market" which was held on November 27 and 28, 2000 in Toronto, along with the 2000 Canadian Independent Power Trade Show, and the Market Readiness Workshop Series IPPSO's Conference "Working with the IMO," which was held on May 26, 1999 in Toronto Proceedings available free for download in "winzipped" pdf form) IPPSO's Market Design Website The Organizations responsible for this information include: IPPSO : Independent Power Producers' Society of Ontario SESCI : The Solar Energy Society of Canada, Inc.

16. SPS- Power Generation, Co-generation, Energy, Industrial, Chemical, Oil, Insurer Participants. AKZO Nobel BASF AG Calpine Corporation Carson energy GroupChevron Products Co. Co. Reliant energy Shell Sithe Energies, Inc. http://www.spsinc.com/customers_are.html

Partial Customer List Operating Companies- ORAP Participants AKZO Nobel BASF AG Calpine Corporation Carson Energy Group Chevron Products Co. CINERGY DOW Chemical Dubai Aluminum Co. Ltd. Dynegy ENRON ExxonMobil Hopewell Cogeneration Facility I/S Vestkraft INDECK InterGen Midland Cogeneration Venture National Power PLC Ocean States Power PT ARUN NGL Co.

17. Significant Representative Engagements Of The Construction Power Generation/energy, represented a major international construction contractorin subcontractor relations problems on several cogeneration plants in http://www.pepperlaw.com/pracarea/construct_/re_power.htm

18. Towards Local Energy Systems: Revitalizing District Heating And Co-Generation In Eastern Europe. Restructuring district heating and cogeneration inthe economies in transition towards local energy systems by Dr http://www.worldenergy.org/wec-geis/publications/reports/dh/restructuring/restru

Four Questions Raised 1. What are we talking of? 2. What is the Problem? 3. What Solutions are being put into Practice? ... 4. What remains to be done? Towards Local Energy Systems: Revitalizing District Heating and Co-Generation in Central and Eastern Europe Restructuring district heating and co-generation in the economies in transition: towards local energy systems by Dr. Klaus Brendow, World Energy Council, Geneva, London substituting for Witold Cherubin MSc. Mech. Eng., Warsaw, Energy Regulatory Authority, General Rapporteur Four Questions Raised What are we talking of? What is the problem? What solutions are being put into practice? What remains to be done? 1. What are we talking of? "A quantitative achievement in global terms!" on the users' side: on the producers' side: IEA, Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries, 1989-1999; ditto of OECD Countries and 2. What is the problem? "A crisis in terms of efficiency, profitability and sustainability" DH/CHP in CEE is generally (exceptions!) inefficient losses in heat transportation and distribution: 30 - 60 %, in buildings: 20 - 40 % , total 45 % and more, in addition to losses in generation outdated equipment, overextended networks, overcapacities

19. National Program On Energy Co-generation From Agricultural/Municipal Wastes National Program on energy cogeneration from Agricultural/Municipal Wastes(ECoAMu). Advancing GHG Mitigation Technologies. (2001/2 – 2004/5). http://res2.agr.ca/initiatives/manurenet/en/hems/ecoamu_main.html

National Program on Energy Co-generation from Agricultural/Municipal Wastes (ECoAMu) Advancing GHG Mitigation Technologies Original NRCAN submission ECoAMu Steering Committee List of Recommended Projects Project Summaries ... AAFC Environmental Initiatives Contact: Dr. Carlos Monreal, ECoAMu Program Manager; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON Tel: 613-759-1053 Fax: 613-759-7769 EM: monrealc@agr.gc.ca last revised: important notices

20. National Program On Energy Co-generation From Agricultural/Municipal Wastes Using AgriFood and Municipal Wastes for the co-generation of energy and Nutrientsin Sustainable Close-Loop Systems. Advancing GHG Mitigation Technologies. http://res2.agr.ca/initiatives/manurenet/en/hems/ecoamu_proposal.html

Original Submission to NRCAN Using Agri-Food and Municipal Wastes for the Co-generation of Energy and Nutrients in Sustainable Close-Loop Systems Advancing GHG Mitigation Technologies Prepared for: Natural Resources Canada Prepared by C.M. Monreal , C. de Kimpe , G. Timbers and R.J. MacGregor Research Branch and Policy Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada January 31, 2001 ECoAMu Main Page Background Agriculture and Greenhouse Gas Emissions In Canada, on-farm management practices contributed close to 57.6 Tg CO equivalent in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, that is, 10% of all the anthropogenic GHG emissions estimated in 1991. Approximately 11% of these emissions were in the form of CO , 36% in the form of CH and 53% in the form of N O. The CO emissions are primarily associated with soil respiration; CH emissions are primarily associated with enteric fermentation and manure production, and N O emissions are primarily a function of cropping practices and manure management. By 1991, the estimated national annual production of manure from several animal sources was approximately 137 Tg, most of it produced by the beef, dairy and hog industry. Animal production systems are responsible for 42 % of the direct GHG emissions from the agricultural sector. These estimates do not include GHG emissions associated with food processing and transportation.

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