61. Ancient Chinese History Summarizes China's history from the first lingguistic recorded dynasty to the People's Republic of Category Kids and Teens School Time By Region Asia China...... earliest civilizations in the world, has a recorded history of about of historicaldevelopment, the industrious, courageous, and intelligent Chinese people of http://www.travelchinaguide.com/intro/history/

Site Shortcuts China Discovery City Guide Attractions Travel Essentials Small Group China Tours Yangtze River Cruises China Tours City Packages Online Shopping Testimonial Maps China Pictures Climate China Hotels Travel Gossip About Us Advertising Volunteer Site Map China Travel FAQs Link Exchange Last updated: March 27, 2003 Home China Discovery : General Info : History of China China, representing one of the earliest civilizations in the world, has a recorded history of about 3,600 years. It possesses rich historical documents as well as ancient relics. Like other nations, China, in its development, passed through the stages of primitive society, slave society, and feudal society. During the middle decades of the 19th century, capitalist forces of foreign countries invaded China, and China was slowly transformed into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. The founding of the People's Republic in 1949 marked China's entry into the socialist stage. During the long period of historical development, the industrious, courageous, and intelligent Chinese people of all nationalities collectively created a great civilization. They made great contributions to all of mankind. The following is a list of the dynasties: Chinese Dynasties Period Prehistoric Times 1.7 million years - the 21st century BC

62. WWW-VL History Index by Enno Giele; Modern chinese history A Basic Bibliography from 1644present;Calligraphy, by Marilyn Shea; Chinese Studies - Electronic http://www.ku.edu/history/VL/east_asia/china.html

63. NM's Creative Impulse..China This is a great site except only the names are on the first page no dates or descriptionsand if you don't know a little about chinese history you don't know http://history.evansville.net/china.html

NM's Creative Impulse The Development of Western Civilization World History China Contents Introduction History People Places ... Search and Encyclopedia Britannica Contact Information Introduction The Yellow River Valley provided the necessary ingredients for the Shang people to flourish. Because of the natural barriers and great distances that limited their contact with other early civilizations, the Chinese developed a unique civilization. The Chinese culture gave to the West.... silk, paper, black powder, the wheelbarrow, the fork, the magnetic compass, Eastern philosophy, the first printed books, the suspension bridge and more. Back to Top Hist ory People Fossil Evidence for Human Evolution in China a very extensive site from Dr. Dennis Etler dealing with the anthropology of prehistoric China. There are clickable maps, photos and drawings of the remains of early man, an interactive timeline, links to position papers and to other research sites on the web. This is a great site - visit and spend some time here. "Peking Man" - early human remains

64. Our History His parents were freeborn black sharecroppers. On March 9, 1955, MatthewHenson died in New York City at the age of 88. chinese history http://www.diversitycity.net/history/index2.htm

Join our community MSN Groups NAVIGATION HOME HISTORY book club Bookstore ... GUESTBOOK News Letter Select the newsletters you'd like to receive, then enter your email address below. It's free! Diversity City List name two goes here Best book for Adults Ethnicity and Assimilation Chinese Immigration to the United States Chinese immigration can be divided into three periods: 1849-1882, 1882-1965, and 1965 to the present. The first period began shortly after the California Gold Rush and ended abruptly with the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. During this period thousands of Chinese, mostly young male peasants, left their villages in the rural countries to become laborers in the American West. They were recruited to extract metals and minerals, construct a vast railroad network, reclaim swamplands, build irrigation systems, work as migrant agricultural laborers, develop the fishing industry, and operate highly-competitive manufacturing industries. At the end of the first period, the Chinese population in the United States was about 110,000. Matthew A. Henson

65. Histoy, Chinese History, Asian History, Angel Island, Immigrants, Asain Immigran Educational Information of Asian history, Chinese culture, Japanesehistory and European history. Learn what happened in China with http://www.abetterdesign.com/lk01-03a.htm

A ngel Island, located in S.F. bay, was used as a detention center from 1910 to 1940. Here the immigrants were detained for days and months and even years while immigration officials attempted to ferret out illegal entries. F ew people realize that the arrival of Chinese 130 years ago is part of an intricate political and economic relationship between Asian and America. From her birth as a nation, America sought to establish herself as a new power among old nations, Americans saw their "manifest destiny" as westward expansion across the continent to the Pacific, and beyond to Asia. In America's economic development of the new western territories the Chinese were recruited to labor in the frontier. Caught between the white laboring class struggling for better working conditions, and capitalist exploitation of labor, the Chinese became scapegoats for the growing pains of the American labor movement in the West. Debates centering on white superiority over yellow inferiority became nationally known as the "Chinese Question". The answer was The Passage of The Exclusion Act of 1882 almost totally eliminating Chinese immigration. Furthermore, Chinese already in America were declared ineligible for citizenship. Yet even under these unstable conditions, Chinese communities did thrive.

66. Chinese History Choices Selections in chinese history. Click on Line of Your Choice. 1600to 1987 Era History of China; Warlord Control Extent of China in http://www.paulnoll.com/China/History/

Selections in Chinese History Click on Line of Your Choice 1600 to 1987 Era History of China Warlord Control Extent of China in 1926 ... Return to The Opening Page

67. TIME Asia Magazine: Sleepwalking Through Chinese History -- Nov. 18, 2002 19 Asia Sleepwalking Through chinese history To many Chinese, the 16th congressis a yawn—but their apathy is fine by the Party BY MATTHEW FORNEY/BEIJING http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501021118-389012,00.html

WAR ON IRAQ Complete Coverage of Gulf War II SPECIAL REPORT Islam in Asia Muslims Stand Up All of TIMEasia.com Past 30 Days Current Issue Advanced Search November 18, 2002/ Vol. 160 No. 19 Asia Sleepwalking Through Chinese History To many Chinese, the 16th congress is a yawn—but their apathy is fine by the Party BY MATTHEW FORNEY/BEIJING WILSON CHU/REUTERS Beijing residents like this one go quietly about their business Viewpoint: Control is still the Party's main goal Photo Essay: Scenes from the 16th Congress Special Report: China's Next Cultural Revolution The dissident has returned to Democracy Wall. Nearly a quarter-century has passed since he courted danger in this highly politicized part of Beijing by pasting posters demanding elections—and much has changed. Where the wall then stood, the new "Culture Plaza" is now strung with Christmas-style lights and emblazoned with a dozen glowing signboards. One instructs Chinese citizens to "Warmly Congratulate the Communist Party's 16th Congress." Another displays a news item about President Jiang Zemin seeking "advice" from Chinese who don't belong to the Party. Asked what he thinks of the story, a bystander replies indifferently, "These are decisions made at the top. There's no point having an opinion." The dissident is dismayed by the man's apathy. "This is the state of Chinese today," he says. "It saddens me." LATEST COVER STORY Yao Ming: The Next Mr. Big

68. History History China Resources of chinese history. Chinese American History Includesbooks about Chinese American, Chinatown and Chinese organizations. http://chineseculture.about.com/cs/history/

zfp=-1 About China Online Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting China Online with Jun Shan Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') Subjects ESSENTIALS Chinese Names China Photo Gallery Dictionary ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement History Guide picks History of China, Chinese American, Hong Kong and more. History: China Resources of Chinese history. Includes ancient examination system, bound feet, Korean war, and more. History: Hong Kong Resources of Hong Kong history. History: Taiwan Resources of Taiwan history. Chinese American History Includes books about Chinese American, Chinatown and Chinese organizations. Cultural Revolution Includes history and literature about the Chinese Culture Revolution. Chinese Invention Resources of Chinese historical inventions, including paper, compass, Kite, etc. Nanjing Massacre To find out more about Nanjing Massacre and World War II. Tibet Resources of Tibet including culture, buddhism, and human rights.

69. History: China History China Guide picks. A Brief Chinese Chronology A handy time lineof chinese history. chinese history From your About.com Guide. http://chineseculture.about.com/cs/historychina/

zfp=-1 About China Online Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting China Online with Jun Shan Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') Subjects ESSENTIALS Chinese Names China Photo Gallery Dictionary ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement History: China Guide picks A Brief Chinese Chronology A handy time line of Chinese history. Chronicle of PRC Historical events of China by year since 1949. Ancient Far East: China From About.com's Ancient History Guide. With many history links of China, Japan, Korea and Mongolia. Chinese History From your About.com Guide. History pages in Chinese. Tangshan: The Deadliest Earthquake A magnitude 7.8 earthquake hit the sleeping city of Tangshan on July 28, 1976, in northeastern China. National Museum of Chinese History The collection the museum has over 300,000 items, including more than 2,000 first-grade pieces and over 100,000 photographs of cultural relics. Chinese Dynasties A brief chronology of Chinese dynasties in Chinese.

70. Harvard University Press/Chinese History chinese history A Manual, Revised and Enlarged by EndymionWilkinson, published by Harvard University Press. http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/WILCHR.html

Endymion Wilkinson is Head of Delegation and Ambassador to China for the European Commission. FROM THE HARVARD UNIVERSITY ASIA CENTER Chinese History A Manual, Revised and Enlarged Endymion Wilkinson Since publication of the first edition in 1998, Chinese History: A Manual has become an indispensable guide to researching the civilization and history of China. Updated through January 2000, the second edition discusses some 4,300 primary, secondary, and reference works, an increase of 1,500 titles over the first edition. The temporal coverage has been expanded to include the Republican period; sections on nonverbal salutations, weights and measures, money, and furniture have been added; the chapters on language, etymology, people, geography, chronology, warfare, leishu , food, and the Chinese world order have been thoroughly revised; and the subject index has been enlarged to include 2,500 technical terms. OTHER HARVARD BOOKS BY ENDYMION WILKINSON Chinese History: A Manual Landlord and Labor in Late Imperial China: Case Studies from Shandong May 2000 Harvard-Yenching Institute Monograph Series 1100 pages Cloth edition: ISBN 0-674-00247-4 Paper edition: ISBN 0-674-00249-0

71. A Chronology Of Chinese History A Chronology of chinese history. ? Xia 2100 1600 BC ? Shang 1600 - 1066 BC ? Zhou 1066 - 256 BC http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/History/dynasties.html

¤¤°ê¾ú¥v¦~ªí A Chronology of Chinese History ®L Xia 2100 - 1600 BC Shang 1600 - 1066 BC ©P Zhou 1066 - 256 BC ¦è©P Western Zhou 1066 - 771 BC ªF©P Eastern Zhou 770 - 256 BC ¬K¬î Chun Qiu (Spring - Autumn) 770 - 476 BC Zhan Guo (Warring States) 475 - 221 BC Qin 221 - 206 BC Han 206 BC - 220 AD West Han 206 BC - 23 AD ªFº~ East Han 25 - 220 AD ¤T°ê San Guo (Three Kindoms) Q Wei 220 - 265 AD Shu 221 - 263 AD §d Wu 222 - 280 AD West Jin 265 - 316 AD ªF®Ê East Jin 317 - 420 AD ¤Q¤»°ê Sixteen Kingdoms 304 - 439 AD «n¥_´Â South and North Dynasties «n´Â South Dynasties Song 420 - 479 AD Qi 479 - 502 AD Liang 502 - 557 AD Chen 557 - 589 AD North Dynasties ¥_Q North Wei 386 - 534 AD ªFQ East Wei 534 - 550 AD North Qi 550 - 577 AD ¦èQ West Wei 535 - 557 AD ¥_©P North Zhou 557 - 581 AD Sui 581 - 618 AD Tang 618 - 907 AD ¤­¥N¤Q°ê Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms ¦Z±ç Later Liang 907 - 923 AD ¦Z­ð Later Tang 923 - 936 AD ¦Z®Ê Later Jin 936 - 946 AD ¦Zº~ Later Han 947 - 950 AD ¦Z©P Later Zhou 951 - 960 AD ¤Q°ê Ten Kingdoms 902 - 979 AD Song 960 - 1279 AD North Song 960 - 1127 AD «n§º South Song 1127 - 1279 AD Liao 916 - 1125 AD ¦è®L West Xia 1032 - 1227 AD Jin (Gold) 1115 - 1234 AD Yuan 1271 - 1368 AD Ming 1368 - 1644 AD ²M Qing 1644 - 1911 AD HTML by GC Converted from hz8 codes by perl scripts written by WL , amended by GC

72. Archaeological Find May Change Chinese History People's Daily reports that archaeologists have uncovered an ancient city site that thrived over 4000 Category Science Social Sciences Asia China Sites and Monuments...... Life, Archaeological Find May Change chinese history. They believed that thehistory of Chinese civilization couldn't go back as far as 5,000 years. http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200008/04/eng20000804_47270.html

73. UVa Library: Subject Guides: AMELC: Chinese History Resources chinese history Resources. bibliographies. Classical Historiography forchinese history; Modern China; East Asian Studies BI Clearinghouse; http://www.lib.virginia.edu/subjects/amlc/chbib.htm

Purchase Requests AMELC Department User Education Uncover ... Faculty Services Chinese History Resources Antiquities Bibliography Biography Rare Books ... Writings Antiquities Calendar Conversion Enable you to convert from and to Chinese lunar dates; names of celestial cycles and regents are also provided. History of China from Leon Poon. History of China from Army Area Handbook. History of China from Library of Congress. International Dunhuang Project (IDP)Site from the British Library to promote the study and preservation of manuscripts and printed documents from Dunhuang and other Central Asian sites through international co-operation. Warring States Project The Project is ... into the dating and authenticity of the classical Chinese texts of the Warring States Period (475-221 BC).... Chu Civilization : A site dedicated to the Chu studies , a civilization originated in 4th centry BC, China. Tang Studies : A site devoted to the Tang Dynasty. Following sites include full-text databases of Chinese archaic literature Archaeology This site provides illustrations, texts from relics found at various archaeological sites in China. Also provides links to important collections to Taiwan studies. This site is maintained by the

74. Chinese History Timeline 206 BCAD 9, Western Han, The Han dynasty plays a very important role in Chinesehistory. For starters, they invented chinese history as we know it today. http://www.chinavoc.com/history/index.asp

Home Guestbook About Us Sitemap ... Links Timeline 1.6 Million BC ~ 20,000 BC The Early Man 5,000 BC ~ 2,500 BC The Early Culture 3000-2070 BC 2070-1600 B.C. Xia 1600-1046 B.C. Shang There are three things to know about the Shang: one, they were the most advanced bronze-working civilization in the world; two, Shang remains provide the earliest and most complete record of Chinese writing (there are a few Neolithic pots that have a few characters scratched on them; however, a few characters do not a complete writing system make), scratched out on the shoulder blades of pigs for oracular purposes. 1046-256 B.C. Zhou Most scholars think that the Zhou were much more "Chinese" than the Shang. For one, they used a father-to-son succession system. Also, they weren't too keen on human sacrifice. However, they weren't as good at working bronze as the Shang. Still, it would be centuries before the West was able to cast bronze as well as the Zhou. Some, though not all, scholars believe that the Xia, the Shang, and the Zhou actually were three different cultures that emerged more or less at the same time in different areas of the Yellow River valley. And the historical record supports this view the Shang were conquered from outside by the Zhou, as the Xia had been conquered from the outside by the Shang.

75. China History,Ancient China, A Brief Chronology Of Chinese History, Chinese Dyna ChinaOnYourMind A Brief Chronology of chinese history, History Timeline Had he stoppedthere, he would have been one of the greatest rulers of chinese history. http://www.chinaonyourmind.com/chinatravel/chinainfo/brief.html

Design My Trip For Me Popular Tours On-line Hotel Booking Transportation Booking ... Speak Your Mind ChinaOnYourMind: A Brief Chronology of Chinese History History Timeline Date Dynasty ca.2205-1766B.C. Xia 1700-1027 B.C. Shang 1027-771 B.C. Western Zhou 770-476 B.C. Spring and Autumn period 475-221 B.C. Warring States period 221-207 B.C. Qin 206 B.C.-A.D.220 Han A.D. 220 - 581 Anarchy and Partition A.D.581-618 Sui A.D. 618-907 Tang A.D. 907-960 The Five Dynasties and The Kingdoms A.D. 960-1127 NorthernSong A.D. 1127-1279 SouthernSong Yuan Ming Qing ... Republic of China Peopl's Republic Prehistory It is always been said that the middle Yellow and Wei rivers valleys are the cradles of Chinese civilization. The beginning of which has been traced to Neolithic settlements around 5,000 B.C. The earliest Dynasty, according to Chinese history records, is the Xia (c. 2205-1766BC). The founder of the dynasty is Da Yu (Yu the Great). He was made king because of his leadership in controlling the floods that afflicted the river valleys of China. Legend has it that Da Yu worked so hard on the flood project that he past through his own home many times without stopping by to meet his family. So far, no archaeological evidence has been discovered in support of its existence. Many scholars still consider the Xia mythical.

76. Arts And Humanities/History/Chinese History SiteListing. China10k.com -Provides information of chinese history, online cinemaand shop. Shitu Xuezha -A homepage introduces chinese history and culture. http://edir.yam.com/art/hist/chihis/

GB ODP in Yam About TAIWAN Index ... History Chinese History Add New Recomendation All Sub-categories only Sub-categories Post Imperial China 1912-the present Laster Imperial China 960-1912A.D. Early Imperial China 221B.C.- 581A.D. Classical Imperial China 581-960A.D. ... Before Qin Dyansty 2200-221B.C. Site-Listing China10k.com -Provides information of Chinese history, online cinema and shop. The Ancient Chinese Locks Web-site Museum Ancient Chinese Furnishings -Introduces chinese frunishings. China History Web -Introducing chinese wars. Chinese Emperors -It introduces history of China and free e-mail, etc. Chinese History Studying Room -A homepage provides chinese history and test questions. Era and Timeline of Chinese History -Chronology of chinese history including theTimeline and Era of each Emperor Since theZhou (Chou) Dynasty. Infomax Philosophy Hall -Collects texts of Chinese philosophy, Buddhism and Chinese history. Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica Relics and Iconographic Studies, Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica -Databases about Chinese relics and IconographicStudies. Research Group in the History of Health and Healing, Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica

77. Chinese History Armenia (13). The second reference to the Chinese ancestry of theMamikoneans appears later in the same History. In this episode http://rbedrosian.com/china.htm

China and the Chinese according to 5-13th Century Classical Armenian Sources by Robert Bedrosian This article was published in Armenian Review Vol.34 No.1-133(1981) pp.17-24. References to China and to the Chinese are found scattered throughout Armenian historical sources of the 5-13th centuries. The references, which are not numerous, are of two main types: those which provide geographical information about China, and those which mention China in connection with one of Armenia's most famous lordly families, the Mamikonean house. Several Armenists have examined the information on China contained in the sources. Among them are N. Adontz (1), M. Toumanean (2), C. Toumanoff (3), and most recently, H. Svazyan (4). Some of these scholars have focussed their studies on determining the geographical location of the "land of the Chenk", others have addressed the relationship between the Mamikonean house and its alleged Chinese progenitors. The present study will examine both the geographical information on China, and the question of the Chinese origin of the Mamikoneans. The first of the Armenian geographical references to China appears in the Geography written in the 7th century by the Armenian mathematician, Anania of Shirak. Though Anania's

78. China - Short History - Sports - Http://www.shaolinunion.com/shaolinunion/Chines in kwoon Shaolin links Meridians Eastern medicine Taijiquan styles Pa hsien Shaolindishu quanfa Shaolin cudgel 13 shaolin monks chinese history self defense http://www.shaolinunion.com/shaolinunion/Chinese_history

Refer This Site To A Friend Home Sifu Snoeck Chris Training data for Belgium exchange students Seminar announcements Chinees Karate in Gent Shaolin union Europe Forms Shaolin kungfu history Shaolin temples Shaolin kungfu basics stepping skills of kungfu Chin na the art of seizing Shaolin special weapons Major Southern Shaolin kungfu Xiangxingquan Shaolin XI Sui Jing Basic Buddha Chinese proverbs Relationship in kwoon Shaolin links Meridians Taijiquan styles Pa hsien Shaolin dishu quanfa Shaolin cudgel 13 shaolin monks Chinese history self defense program Chinese kicks glossary Chinese for the martial artist kungfu and okinawa karate Martial arts news from around Capoeira Kyusho head points Kyusho jitsu 36 vital points 100 weapons of kungfu Fujian shaolin temple seven star praying mantis Assistant Instructors SUE IUMA Instructors IMAF KORYU UCHINADI INFO Television Radio Newspapers Martial Arts Books to read United States Martial Arts Traditional southern kungfu Stances kungfu for students Japanese throws for members Shaolin weapons for members SHAOLIN UNION STORE Wupuquan form Lumenquan form Ti er lu form Sword set Photos Sifu Snoeck Chris Oriental counting martial arts links alround Forms Katas Hsing Quan names FORM OF THE MONTH kata hsing MARTIAL ARTS STYLES WORLDWIDE MEMBERS ONLY CORNER PHOTO PAGE SIFU and MONKS HUNG GAR KILLING HANDS HSING KATA CLOSE COMBAT members TERMINOLOGY SHAOLIN JIBENGONG LIST BA GUA ZHANG ANATOMY FOR MEMBERS ELEMENTS for members only ANIMAL BOXING ARTICLE BAI HE QUAN members corner Western fighting arts members Chinese wrestling members

79. Hakka Chinese History Home Page. Hakka chinese history. Chinese Jamaican Recipes. Hakka ChineseHistory. To page 2 .. THE HAKKA CONTRIBUTION TO CHINA'S TRANSFORMATION. http://www.chinesejamaican.com/beci/page3.html

Home Page Hakka Chinese History Chinese Jamaican Recipes Special Announcements ... or meet our staff Hakka Chinese History To page 2 .. by P. Richard Bohr Minnesota Introduction. Taiping religion originated with Hong Xiuquan. He who was born on January 1, 1814 and grew up in a Hakka village in Hua county, Guangdong province, thirty miles north of Canton. As we all know, the Hakka, or "guest people," originated in north-central China but were pushed progressively southward by Central Asian invaders since the fourth century C.E. In his theological writings, Hong lamented the Hakka's worsening situation after the first Opium War of 1839-42, which he attributed to rising ethnic tensions, economic competition created by shifting trade routes, escalating population pressures, concentration of land in Punti hands, and Manchu corruption. He blamed these problems on China's rejection of the universal God revealed in the foreigners' Bible and in China's pre-Confucian books. The latter, he argued, proved that God was China's creator and emperor benevolently ruling an ancient commonwealth of "great peace and equality" ( taiping ). Tragically, Hong charged, Confucius omitted God from his compilation of the classics. Worse, the emperors usurped God's rule, jettisoned morality for "decadent" Daoism and Buddhism, and polarized Chinese society by abandoning God's "universal love" for Confucius' "partial love," which pitted Chinese against Chinese and resulted in Hakka victimization. Hong insisted that China could be saved only by restoring God's rule within the theocratic Kingdom of Heaven described in the missionary tracts. As "brothers" and "sisters," God's worshipful children shared equally in the fruits of creation, he insisted.

80. Wills, J.E., Jr.: Mountain Of Fame: Portraits In Chinese History. of the book Mountain of Fame Portraits in chinese historyby Wills, JE, Jr., published by Princeton University Press....... http://pup.princeton.edu/titles/5533.html

PRINCETON University Press SEARCH: Keywords Author Title More Options Power Search Search Hints E-MAIL NOTICES NEW IN PRINT E-BOOKS ... HOME PAGE Mountain of Fame: Portraits in Chinese History John E. Wills, Jr. Shopping Cart Reviews Table of Contents Through biographies of China's most colorful and famous personalities, John Wills displays the five-thousand-year sweep of Chinese history from the legendary sage emperors to the tragedy of Tiananmen Square. This unique introduction to Chinese history and culture uses more than twenty exemplary lives, including those of statesmen, philosophers, poets, and rulers, to provide the focus for accounts of key historical trends and periods. What emerges is a provocative rendering of China's moral landscape, featuring characters who have resonated in the historical imagination as examples of villainy, heroism, wisdom, spiritual vision, political guile, and complex combinations of all of these. Each of the twenty chapters provides a many-sided exploration of a "slice" of Chinese history, engaging the general reader in a deep and personal encounter with China over the centuries and today. The biographies repeatedly mirror the moral earnestness of the Chinese, the great value they place on the ruler-minister relationship, and their struggles with tensions among practicality, moral idealism, and personal authenticity. Culminating in a reflection on China's historical direction in the aftermath of Tiananmen Square, the biographies show the modern Chinese still inspired and frustrated by a complex heritage of moral fervor and political habits and preconceptions. As absorbing as it is wide ranging, this history is written for the general public curious about China and for the student beginning to study its rich cultural heritage.

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