61. 1Up Travel > History And Culture Of Botswana. PEOPLE AND history. The Batswana, a term also used to denote all citizens of botswana,refers to the country's major ethnic group (the Tswana in South Africa http://www.1uptravel.com/international/africa/botswana/history-culture.html

Flags Maps Sightseeing Travel Warnings ... Travel Reservations and Bookings More Categories Introduction Topography Local Life Local Cuisine Local Holidays Festivals-Events Embassies Administration News Stand Worth a See !! Sight Seeing Maps Flags Shopping Eating Out Recreation Travel Essentials Country Facts Geography People Government Economy Communications Transportation Military Search 1Up Travel You are here 1Up Travel Countries of the World Africa Botswana ADVERTISEMENT Country At a Glance Introduction Topography History-Culture Local Life ... Newstand Worth a Visit !! Cities Sight Seeing Maps Shopping ... Travel Links Country Facts Introduction Geography People Government ... Transnational issues Related Country Guide Detailed Maps Hotel Database Country Flag ... Travel Warning PEOPLE AND HISTORY The Batswana, a term also used to denote all citizens of Botswana, refers to the country's major ethnic group (the "Tswana" in South Africa), which came into the area from South Africa during the Zulu wars of the early 1880s. Prior to European contact, the Batswana lived as herders and farmers under tribal rule. In the late 19th century, hostilities broke out between the Batswana and Boer settlers from the Transvaal. After appeals by the Batswana for assistance, the British Government in 1885 put "Bechuanaland" under its protection. The northern territory remained under direct administration and is today's Botswana, while the southern territory became part of the Cape Colony and is now part of the northwest province of South Africa; the majority of Setswana-speaking people today live in South Africa.

62. An MBendi Profile: Botswana Stock Exchange - BSE Securities exchange originally called botswana Share Market, and located in Gaborone, botswana. Lists Category Business Investing Stocks and Bonds Exchanges...... , history. The origins of the botswana Stock Exchange can be found in the botswanaDevelopment Corporation’s (BDC) need for a vehicle to sell its investments http://www.mbendi.co.za/exbo.htm

Search for: Advanced Searches Services Websites Advertising Consulting Subscriptions Other MBendi Clients Case Studies New on MBendi Logon / Register ... About MBendi Botswana Stock Exchange - BSE Overview Trading Conditions and Regulations Regulations Performance History ... Stock Brokers More On This Exchange: - Market Listing - Stock Brokers Country Stock Exchange Profile Country Profile Page Other Exchanges: - Abidjan Stock Exchange - Abuja Commodities Exchange - American Stock Exchange - Amman Financial Market - Amman Stock Exchange - Amsterdam Exchanges - Arizona Stock Exchange - Asunción Stock Exchange - Athens Stock Exchange - Australian Stock Exchange - Australian Stock Exchange of Newcastle Limited - Bahia - Sergipe - Alagoas Stock Exchange - Bahrain Stock Exchange - Baku Interbank Currency Exchange - Barbados Securities Exchange - Barcelona Stock Excahnge - Bourse des Valeurs Mobilieres d'Alger - Bourse Regionale des Valeurs Mobilieres (BRVM) Exchange - Casablanca Stock Exchange - Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange - Effectenbeurs van Antwerpen - Ghana Stock Exchange - JSE Securities Exchange South Africa - Khartoum Stock Exchange - Lusaka Stock Exchange - Malawi Stock Exchange - Maputo Stock Exchange - Mauritius Stock Exchange - Nairobi Stock Exchange - Namibian Stock Exchange - Nigerian Stock Exchange - Swaziland Stock Exchange - The Baltic Exchange - Tunis Stock Exchange - Uganda Securities Exchange - Zimbabwe Stock Exchange Continental Stock Exchange Profile

63. Atlas - Botswana Map Overview of culture, history, economy, currency, government, people, education and languages. http://www.map.freegk.com/botswana/botswana.php

Introduction People History Culture ... Disputes Botswana Introduction Back to Top Republic of Botswana, formerly Bechuanaland, country in the centre of southern Africa. It has an area of 224,607 square miles (581,730 square kilometres). The territory is roughly square approximately 600 miles from north to south and 600 miles from east to west with its eastern side protruding into a sharp point. Its eastern and southern borders are marked by river courses and an old wagon road; its western borders are lines of longitude and latitude through the Kalahari, and its northern borders combine straight lines with a river course. The capital is Gaborone (until 1969 spelled Gaberones i.e., Gaborone's town), a new city founded in 1964. Official Name- Republic of Botswana Capital City -Gaborone Population- 1.482,000 Languages- English (official), and Setswana Official Currency -Pula Religions- Traditional beliefs, Christian Land Area -566,730 sq km (218,814 sq miles) Botswana Provinces Back to Top Central, Chobe, Francistown*, Gaborone*, Ghanzi, Kgalagadi, Kgatleng, Kweneng, Lobatse*, Ngamiland, North-East, Selebi-Pikwe*, South-East, Southern. Botswana People Back to Top The Tawana state of northwestern Botswana can be seen as the least successful in incorporating other ethnic groups. Most of its population is Yei and Mbukushu by origin, related to riverine peoples in the Caprivi Strip, Angola, and Zambia to the north. Smaller numbers of Mbanderu and Herero have greater numbers of close relatives across the border in Namibia. The Subiya along the Chobe, closely related to people in the Caprivi Strip and Zambia, were excluded from the Tawana tribal reserve by the British.

64. History Of Botswana PEOPLE AND history The Batswana, a term inclusively used to denote all citizensof botswana, also refers to the country's major ethnic group (the Tswana in http://www.worldrover.com/history/botswana_history.html

Search The Web! Search The Web! Search The Web! Search The Web! Free Travel Cheap Tickets Auction ... Make Money Botswana PEOPLE AND HISTORY The Batswana, a term inclusively used to denote all citizens of Botswana, also refers to the country's major ethnic group (the "Tswana" in South Africa), which came into the area from South Africa during the Zulu wars of the early 1880s. Prior to European contact, the Batswana lived as herders and farmers under tribal rule. In the late 19th century, hostilities broke out between the Batswana and Boer settlers from the Transvaal. After appeals by the Batswana for assistance, the British Government in 1885 put "Bechuanaland" under its protection. The northern territory remained under direct administration and is today's Botswana, while the southern territory became part of the Cape Colony and is now part of the northwest province of South Africa; the majority of Setswana-speaking people today live in South Africa. Despite South African pressure, inhabitants of the Bechuanaland Protectorate, Basutoland (now Lesotho), and Swaziland in 1909 asked for and received British assurances that they would not be included in the proposed Union of South Africa. An expansion of British central authority and the evolution of tribal government resulted in the 1920 establishment of two advisory councils representing Africans and Europeans. Proclamations in 1934 regularized tribal rule and powers. A European-African advisory council was formed in 1951, and the 1961 constitution established a consultative legislative council.

65. Botswana College Of Agriculture Information on departments, services, administration, history. http://www.bca.bw/

Notice Lectures begin for all programmes on Monday 20th January 2003. Press Release

66. Botswana Books And Guides: Find Travel Information, History And More botswana Books and Travel Guides Half.com Awesomes Prices on Books, Movies,Music Games! botswana (Globetrotter Travel Map) Useful country map. http://www.worldrover.com/guides/botswana_guide.htm

Botswana Books and Travel Guides Half.com Botswana (Globetrotter Travel Map) Useful country map. Click Here for More Info Zimbabwe and Botswana : The Rough Guide The Rough Guide's complete listings take you from Botswana's Kalahari Desert to Zimbabwe's coast, stopping at villages and cities along the way to find great restaurants, bars and hotels to suit your budget and needs. 16 pages color photos. 50 maps. Click Here for More Info Botswana The book combines beautiful photographs, excellent maps, and more concise commentary than other guides to this country. Click Here for More Info Search: All Products Books Popular Music Classical Music Video Toys Consumer Electronics Keywords: home guides history stats ... embassies

67. Botswana's History & Culture; General Country Information - By Africa Tourist In No accurate records exist of the first ever inhabitants of botswana, although toolfragments and other evidence of human activity have been uncovered which are http://www.infotour-africa.com/botswana_history.htm

General Information About BOTSWANA Please choose from the links below: Country Highlights Environment Useful information No accurate records exist of the first ever inhabitants of Botswana, although tool fragments and other evidence of human activity have been uncovered which are thought to be around 27,000 years old. The Basarwa, also known as San Bushmen, were among the first recognised people to inhabit the country although only 40,000 remain today. The 17th Century brought the Tswana, or Batswana from the South, a Bantu people related to the Sotho of Transvaal and Lesotho. The Tswana now make up over 50% of Botswana's population and the remaining peoples have been heavily absorbed into this culture. This may be one of the main reasons for Botswana's cultural and social stability over the last two centuries. As well as the San, minority tribes include the 25,000 Mbanderu, cousins of the Namibian Herero tribe who fled Namibia following the German conquest in the 1890's. The striking traditional costume of these people with large flowing skirts and elaborate headdresses is based on that of the 19th century missionaries wives.

68. Expedia.co.uk Travel Guide Hotels Flights And Car Hire To botswana, history and Government history Between the seventh and 13th centuries,parts of botswana were populated by thriving agricultural communities. http://www.expedia.co.uk/daily/wg/P40130.asp

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69. History Of Ker & Downey Botswana The history of Ker Downey in botswana. In 1962, Ker Downey Safarisof Kenya expanded its operations into botswana. Harry Selby http://www.kerdowney.com/history.html

Conservation Nothern Air Botswana Site Map History Mrs. Phyllis Palmer hard at work in Maun. In 1962, Ker & Downey Safaris of Kenya expanded its operations into Botswana. Harry Selby, legendary hunter and a director of the original organization, was selected to run the Botswana operation. The new company operated separately as Ker Downey Selby of Botswana and successfully featured only hunting safaris until 1968, when photographic safaris were developed as a new tour option. The company's goal was to make photographic safari tours the premier safari alternative. With this in mind, the first safari lodges (Khwai, Savuti, Xugana) were built for this popular new safari option. For the first time in Botswana, "comfort" was brought to safaris. Ker Downey Selby Safaris operated as a full-service hunting and photographic outfitter until 1978. The plight of the African elephant has been an emotionally charged issue due in part to the conservation strategy of 'culling.' In 1990, noted elephant trainer, author and conservationist, Randall Moore joined forces with Ker Downey Botswana to produce the world's unique safari program - Elephant Back Safaris. Orphaned elephants from the culling process became the nucleus of this family that supported itself and the conservation effort through active participation in the tourism industry. Elephant Back Safaris are today the jewel in the crown of Botswana's photographic safaris.

70. MapZones.com : Botswana botswana Map, history, Culture, People, Population, Climate, Economy, Animal andplants, Languages,capital, island, major city, province, Communications,State http://atlas.freegk.com/world/africa/botswana/botswana.php

Country Info Botswana Introduction Botswana General Data Botswana Maps Botswana Culture ... Botswana Time and Date Botswana Introduction Back to Top Republic of Botswana, formerly Bechuanaland, country in the centre of southern Africa. It has an area of 224,607 square miles (581,730 square kilometres). The territory is roughly square approximately 600 miles from north to south and 600 miles from east to west with its eastern side protruding into a sharp point. Its eastern and southern borders are marked by river courses and an old wagon road; its western borders are lines of longitude and latitude through the Kalahari, and its northern borders combine straight lines with a river course. The capital is Gaborone (until 1969 spelled Gaberones i.e., Gaborone's town), a new city founded in 1964. Official Name- Republic of Botswana Capital City -Gaborone Population- 1.482,000 Languages- English (official), and Setswana Official Currency -Pula Religions- Traditional beliefs, Christian Land Area -566,730 sq km (218,814 sq miles)

71. Indian History - Indian High Commission - Botswana The roots of Indian civilization stretch back in time to prerecorded history. Commissionof India Plot 5375, President Drive, PO Box2684,Gaborone,botswana. http://www.highcommissionofindia.com/Ihc/Html/indhistory.htm

Map Of India Indian Mission Abroad History Home The roots of Indian civilization stretch back in time to pre-recorded history. The earliest human activity in the Indian sub-continent can be traced back to the Early, Middle and Late Stone Ages (400,000-200,000 BC). Implements from all three periods have been found from Rajasthan, Gujarat, Bihar, parts of what is now Pakistan and the southern most tip of the Indian Peninsula. These Paleolithic people were semi-nomadic hunters and gatherers for many millennia. Five main races of people were in existence when the move to an agricultural lifestyle took place, in the middle of the 9th millennium BC. These were the Negrito race, the Proto-Australoid; the Mediterranean race, the Mongloids and the Alpine people. The first evidence of agricultural settlements on the western plains of the Indus is roughly contemporaneous with similar developments in Egypt, Mesopotamia and Persia. These settlements gradually grew and the inhabitants started to use copper and bronze, domesticated animals, made pottery and began trade activities. Mission Profile Consular Services Related Links Business Investment in Botswana ... Home High Commission of India Plot 5375, President Drive

72. GlobalEDGE (TM) | Country Insights - History Of Botswana http//globaledge.msu.edu botswana history. The Batswana, a term alsoused to denote all citizens of botswana, refers to the country's http://globaledge.msu.edu/ibrd/CountryHistoryPrint.asp?CountryID=80&RegionID=5

73. GlobalEDGE (TM) | Country Insights - History Of Botswana history. The Batswana, a term also used to denote all citizens of botswana, refersto the country's major ethnic group (the Tswana in South Africa), which http://globaledge.msu.edu/ibrd/CountryHistory.asp?CountryID=80&RegionID=5

74. Reisinformatie Over Botswana, Afrika. Informatie Over De Geschiedenis Van Het La Back to index. Terug naar de overzichtspagina.history of botswana. http://www.afrikavakanties.nl/botswana/history_botswana.html

History of Botswana Botswana tourist information index chobe national park culture gaborone ... serowe The San people (Bushmen) are believed to have inhabited Botswana for at least 30,000 years. They were followed by the pastoral Khoi-Khoi (Hottentots) and later by Bantu groups, who migrated from the north-western and eastern regions of Africa sometime during the 1st or 2nd century AD and settled along the Chobe River. Different Bantu groups, including the Tswana, lived relatively amicably in small groupings across the Kalahari until the 18th century. Disputes were solved through fragmentation: the dissatisfied party simply gathered together and tramped off to establish another domain elsewhere. By 1800, all suitable grazing lands around the fringes of the Kalahari had been settled by pastoralists, and peaceful fragmentation was no longer a feasible solution to disputes. Furthermore, Europeans had arrived in the Cape and were expanding northward, and aggression after the 1818 amalgamation of the Zulu tribes in South Africa made the scattered Tswana villages highly vulnerable. In response, the Tswana regrouped and their society became highly structured. Each Tswana nation was ruled by a hereditary monarch, and the king's subjects lived in centralised towns and satellite villages. The orderliness and structure of the town-based Tswana society impressed the Christian missionaries, who began to arrive in the early 1800s. None managed to convert great numbers of Tswana, though they did manage to advise the locals, sometimes wrongly, in their dealings with the Europeans who followed. Meanwhile, the Boers began their Great Trek over the Vaal, crossing into Tswana and Zulu territory and attempting to impose white rule on the inhabitants. Many Tswana went into service on Boer farms, but the association was rarely happy and often marred by rebellion and violence. By 1877, animosity had escalated to such a level that the British finally stepped in to annex the Transvaal, thereby launching the first Boer War. The Boers dawdled after the Pretoria Convention of 1881 but moved back into Tswana lands in 1882, prompting the Tswana to again ask for British protection.

75. Medical Rescue International Botswana botswana is one of Africa's few success stories. Since achieving independencein 1966, botswana has enjoyed peace, political stability and prosperity. http://www.mri.co.bw/About/history.htm

Site is best viewed in 800x600 True Color, using MS Internet Explorer WebDesign: Interactive Approach Botswana is one of Africa's few success stories. Since achieving independence in 1966, Botswana has enjoyed peace, political stability and prosperity. The country has only 1.5 million inhabitants, spread over the 582 000 square kilometres. It is largely a roadless wilderness of vast spaces - savannas, deserts, wetlands and salt pans - a land of intense beauty and abundant wildlife. For the traveller and the tourist industry these vast uninhabited areas may be a source of delight, but the inherent danger is the difficulty in providing timeous Emergency Services to these areas. MRI Botswana Limited set up operations in Botswana in 1992 and is presently the sole Emergency Service provider based in the country. There are 3 fully operational bases, in Gaborone Francistown and Maun . All these bases have a 24 hour control centre , medical services database and are constantly in communication with each other and all medical facilities throughout the country. This means that our experienced staff from any of our three bases can immediately evaluate and co-ordinate an appropriate response to any medical emergency that may arise anywhere in the country. MRI has an excellent relationship with all three Medical Aids in Botswana (BOMAID, PULA, BPOMAS), and comprehensively covers all their clients. The

76. Botswana Flag History This page is part of © FOTW Flags Of The World website botswana flag history. http://flagspot.net/flags/bw_hist.html

Botswana flag history Last modified: by jarig bakker Keywords: botswana bechuanaland high commissioner Links: FOTW homepage search write us mirrors ... "Bechuana flag" See also: Botswana High Commissioner's flag by Jaume Ollé Prior to independence on 30 September 1966, Botswana was the British protectorate of Bechuanaland. The Bechuanaland Protectorate was administered through the office of the high commissioner in South Africa which was created by letters patent in 1878. The high commissioner was charged with the conduct of British relations with the South African Republic (Transvaal) and the Orange Free State, as well as with "those native states and tribes outside the colonies of the Cape and Natal, including Swaziland" (which was administered by the government of the South African Republic under the convention of 1894). The high commissioner was also governor of Basutoland (now Lesotho) and supervised the affairs of the Bechuanaland Protectorate (now Botswana) and Swaziland. The high commissioner flew a British Union Flag charged in the centre, on a white roundel, with the letters S.A.H.C. in black above which was a Tudor crown, all within a green garland of laurel. This flag which was taken into use in 1907, is similar in design to that of the Western Pacific high commissioner. This flag was used until 1931 afterwhich the posts of governor-general and high commissioner were separated. The governor-general of South Africa would henceforth fly a royal-blue flag bearing the royal crest with two scrolls inscribed "Union of South Africa" and "Unie van Suid-Afrika" respectively. The high commissioner, based in South Africa, was represented by a resident commissioner in each of the high commission territories (Basutoland, Bechuanaland and Swaziland). Of these, only the resident commissioner for Basutoland, which was a crown colony, had a personal flag. The other two territories were British protectorates and thus their inhabitants were merely "protected persons".

77. History - UNV - UN Botswana Vision 2016 aspires for botswana to be a compassionate, just and caringnation with all the key elements of volunteerism. botswana http://www.unbotswana.org.bw/unv_history.html

Vision 2016 aspires for Botswana to be a compassionate, just and caring nation with all the key elements of volunteerism. Botswana has been one of the main hosts of United Nations Volunteers (UNV) in Africa. The deployment of UN volunteers has been an important feature of UNDP's support to the country, particularly due to capacity problems and justifiably due to the demand for cost-effective expertise for the bulk of programmes being supported by the Government of Botswana As many as 300 UNVs have served in the country which grew from 1973 to around 86 in late 1989. The UNVs have collaborated with various national partners in drought relief, teaching, water and sanitation, nursing and other technically-oriented fields, e.g., postal services, soil mapping, meteorology, civil aviation, data processing, business management, and handicrafts. Individual UNVs have successfully transferred their technical knowledge with relative ease to the national co-workers who worked with them as counterparts. To date, there are thirty-seven (38) international UNV specialists representing seventeen (17) countries, who are serving different host agencies in Botswana. Most are attached to nationally-executed (NEX) projects, e.g., support to the National AIDS Programme and support to the National Gender Programme. This number is expected to grow to 50 by the end of this year as it embarks its recruitment for more and more UNVs in Botswana. These UNVs will be assigned to the National AIDS Programme and in support to the UN Secretary General's initiative, the

78. History / Africa / Botswana Ohio Univ Ctr for Intl Studies Paperback (May 1990) Click here for moreinfo, 8. history of Northern botswana 18501910 by J. Mutero Chirenje. http://hallworldhistory.com/africa/6.shtml

Home History Books Africa Botswana From Botswana to the Bering Sea : My Thirty Years With National Geographic by Thomas Y. Canby, Thomas T. Canby Island Pr Hardcover - 288 pages (May 1998) Click here for more info From Kirkus Reviews , June 15, 1998 The life of a National Geographic staff writer``the choicest job in the known universe''and a disarming and especially frank look at intramural politics from one who considers himself ``totally a Geographic man.'' For 31 years Canby was a writer and a science editor at the magazine with the yellow... Read more Wild About the Okavango : All-In-One Guide to Common Animals and Plants of the Okavango Delta, Chobe and East Caprivi by Duncan Butchart Menasha Ridge Pr Paperback - 128 pages (September 1997) Click here for more info Serowe : Village of the Rain-Wind (African Writers Series, 220) by Bessie Head Heinemann (Tx) Paperback - 200 pages (December 1981) Click here for more info Book Description This book is currently out of stock with a ready about date of November 30, 1999 An extraordinary feat of re-creation of an African village's recent past through the words and memories of its inhabitants. Bessie Head captures the life of this community with all her skill as a novelist. It will lead... Read more Dividing the Commons : Politics, Policy, and Culture in Botswana

79. History Of Northern Botswana 1850-1910 history of Northern botswana 18501910. http://hallworldhistory.com/africa/144.shtml

History of Northern Botswana 1850-1910 Home History Books Africa by J. Mutero Chirenje See More Details Hardcover (June 1976) Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Pr; ISBN: 0838615376

80. Best Of Botswana: XtraMSN Travel botswana. history. The San people (Bushmen) are believed to haveinhabited botswana for at least 30,000 years. They were followed http://xtramsn.co.nz/travel/0,,8855-1440967-6,00.html

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