1. Botswana History Information about the department and resources for Botswana and African history.Category Reference Education Africa Botswana......University of botswana history Department website; includesArchaeology and Museum Studies; with on-line resources. http://ubh.tripod.com/

Get Five DVDs for $.49 each. Join now. Tell me when this page is updated This is a mirror site for www.thuto.org/ubh . If you have any problems, try the main site. About the Department (staff, courses etc.) Contact University of Botswana History Department Site Index: complete list of pages "El Negro" Graduate study: M.A. and Ph.D., etc. ... Botswana Society Search the UB History web-site Botswana History List of BP colonial officers News Latest ... Second semester timetable "A nation without a past is a lost nation, and a people without a past is a people without a soul." Sir Seretse Khama , 1921 - 1980, first President of the Republic of Botswana.

2. Botswana - HISTORY botswana history. Bush people were the original inhabitants of Botswana. http://www.africanet.com/africanet/country/botswana/history.htm

Botswana History Bush people were the original inhabitants of Botswana. They originated in the north and have gradually migrated southwards. Approximately 2,000 years ago the Hottentots followed the Bush people who were then followed by Bantu speakers. The three groups coexisted happily and there was a flourishing trade between them. Shona speakers settled in the north east of Botswana in around the 10th century AD. The first Tswana settled in the south east of Botswana in approximately the 15th century possibly having migrated from the south. By the 18th century the Tswana were very well established in the area. In 1820 various clans began to form into a string of nations along what is now the border between Botswana and South Africa this was prompted because the clans felt the need to defend themselves against the tide of humanity fleeing from the Transvaal and Natal between 1820 and 1840 as a result of Zulu militancy and Boer expansionism. The borders were secured in 1885 with the declaration of a British protectorate known as Bechuanaland, the reason behind the declaration was the rivalry between the British and the Boers. The capital of the Bangwato clan at Shoshong had a population of about 30,000 by 1960.

3. Directory Index Index to botswana history resources on UB History website Botswana, by Prof. Neil Parsons, University of botswana history Department. botswana history Page 2 Comments and Links http://ubh.tripod.com/bw

Get Five DVDs for $.49 each. Join now. Tell me when this page is updated This is a mirror site for www.thuto.org/ubh . If you have any problems, try the main site. Index of pages Total of 29 HTML files found. Directories top colad Back to contents Top directory Botswana History Page 1: Brief History of Botswana Botswana History Page 10: Politics Botswana History Page 11: Religion Botswana History Page 12: Science ... Botswana History Page 1: Brief History of Botswana Description: Brief history of Botswana, by Prof. Neil Parsons, University of Botswana History Department Headings: -1: A Brief History of Botswana INTRODUCTION Early Hunting, Pastoral, and Farming People -Bantu-speaking farmers Iron Age Chiefdoms and States -Eastern Botswana chiefdoms -North-western Botswana chiefdoms -Rise of Tswana domination Growth of Tswana States -Times of war -Post-war Tswana commercial prosperity A British Protectorate -Threats of incorporation Advance to Independence BOTSWANA GAINS INTERNATIONAL STATURE -Economic and political growth Masire succeeds Seretse Khama Mogae succeeds Masire History Links Bibliography Botswana History Page 10: Politics Description: History of Botswana: politics Headings: -10: Politics Constitution President and Vice-President Political parties Local government Foreign policy Legal system Police and military Politics links BIBLIOGRAPHY Botswana History Page 11: Religion Description: History of Botswana: Religion Headings: -11: Religion RELIGION LINKS BIBLIOGRAPHY Botswana History Page 12: Science Description: Botswana history: Science

4. Botswana History Pages: Index Index to the 'botswana history Pages' notes on botswana history by Neil Parsons. HistoryLinks; Bibliography. Page 2 Comments and Links on History of Botswana. http://ubh.tripod.com/bw/bhpindex.htm

Get Five DVDs for $.49 each. Join now. Tell me when this page is updated This is a mirror site for www.thuto.org/ubh . If you have any problems, try the main site. (For this page see http://www.thuto.org/ubh/bw/bhpindex.htm To end of page History Home Page Site Index ... 15: Media The Botswana History Pages are designed for seekers after knowledge about Botswana. There are 2 pages of general history, followed by 13 informative pages with a historical bias - on archaeology, culture, economy, education, geography, language, literature, politics, religion, science, society, tourism, and media. You can download the complete set of pages as a zip file: see the download page Page 1: Brief History of Botswana Introduction Early Hunting, Pastoralist, and Farming Peoples Iron Age Kingdoms and States Growth of Tswana States A British Protectorate Advance to Independence Botswana Gains International Standing Masire Succeeds Seretse Khama Mogae Succeeds Masire History Links Bibliography Page 2: Comments and Links on History of Botswana Page 3: Archaeology Archaeology Links Page 4: Culture Cultural Institutions Culture Links Page 5: Economy Economic growth Finance Mining, water and power

5. MapZones.com History Algeria History Angola History Benin History botswana history Burkina Faso HistoryBurundi History Cameroon History Cape Verde History CAR History Chad History http://www.mapzones.com/history.php

Algeria History Angola History Benin History Botswana History Algeria History Angola History Benin History Botswana History ... info@mapzones.com

6. Adventure In Botswana botswana history Page from stone age to independence The history of Botswana does much more than cover a gap between the histories of neighbouring South Africa and Zimbabwe, http://www.interknowledge.com/botswana

Exploring Botswana Exploring Botswana Africa Homepage Geographia Home Botswana is one of the few remaining destinations in Africa that still provides a good sense of the adventure of safari. Its expansive game parks and preserves, while offering wildlife as diverse and abundant as that found anywhere else, are still largely undeveloped and untamed. Botswana lies immediately to the north of South Africa. It is bordered on the north and west by Namibia, on the north and east by Zimbabwe, and is connected by a narrow strip of land on the northern border to Zambia. Its territory consists almost entirely of a broad, flat, arid subtropical plateau, though there are hills in the eastern part of the country. In the northwest, the Okavango River empties into the Kalahari sands, creating the largest inland river delta in the world. While the Okavango Delta is home to relatively few large game animals in comparison to other areas of Botswana, its clear waters and myriad small islands are home to an astounding variety of birds, plants, and smaller species of animals. Nearby is Chobe National Park, a beautiful grassland reserve that has gained international fame for its abundant elephant population. Southeast of Chobe are Botswana's enormous Makgadikgadi salt pans, home to large herds of blue wildebeest, several antelope species, and those international lovers of salt pans, flamingos.

7. Botswana History Page From Ulinda Safari Trails History of Botswana. (Courtesy of Neil Parsons ) pp.143216. (1d) Fred Morton Jeff Ramsay, The Birth of Botswana a History of the Bechuanaland Protectorate http://www.ulinda.com/botswana-history.htm

... for unforgettable Camping and Luxury Lodge Safaris in Botswana in remote and secluded locations. Safaris already confirmed with spaces available click here History of Botswana (Courtesy of Neil Parsons Contents INTRODUCTION EARLY HUNTING, PASTORAL, AND FARMING PEOPLE IRON AGE CHIEFDOMS AND STATES Eastern Botswana chiefdoms ... Back to top INTRODUCTION The history of Botswana does much more than cover a gap between the histories of neighbouring South Africa and Zimbabwe, Namibia, Angola, and Zambia. In prehistoric and very recent times the Kalahari thirstlands of Botswana have been central in the historical geography of the region, as the intermediate territory between the savannas of the north and east and the steppes of the south and west. Between the 1880s and its independence in the 1960s, however, Botswana was a poor and peripheral British protectorate known as Bechuanaland. The country is named after its dominant ethnic group, the Tswana or Batswana ('Bechuana' in older variant orthography), and the national language is called Setswana (aka 'Sechuana'). Since the later 1960s Botswana has gained in international stature as a peaceful and increasingly prosperous democratic state. It has had one of the fastest growing economies in the world, rising from one of the poorest to lower-middle income level. This new prosperity has been based on the mining of diamonds and other minerals, which have built up state revenues, and on the sale of beef to Europe and the world market. There has been extensive development of educational and health facilities, in villages and traditional rural towns as well as in rapidly growing new towns. But there has also been an increasing gap between classes of new rich and new poor.

8. Lonely Planet World Guide | Destination Botswana | History botswana history. The San people (Bushmen) are believed to have inhabitedBotswana for at least 30,000 years. They were followed http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/africa/botswana/history.htm

home search help worldguide ... Related Weblinks Botswana History The San people (Bushmen) are believed to have inhabited Botswana for at least 30,000 years. They were followed by the pastoral KhoiKhoi (Hottentots) and later by Bantu groups, who migrated from the north-western and eastern regions of Africa sometime during the 1st or 2nd century AD and settled along the Chobe River. Different Bantu groups, including the Tswana, lived relatively amicably in small groupings across the Kalahari until the 18th century. Disputes were solved through fragmentation: the dissatisfied party simply gathered together and tramped off to establish another domain elsewhere. By 1800, all suitable grazing lands around the fringes of the Kalahari had been settled by pastoralists, and peaceful fragmentation was no longer a feasible solution to disputes. Furthermore, Europeans had arrived in the Cape and were expanding northward, and aggression after the 1818 amalgamation of the Zulu tribes in South Africa made the scattered Tswana villages highly vulnerable. In response, the Tswana regrouped and their society became highly structured. Each Tswana nation was ruled by a hereditary monarch, and the king's subjects lived in centralised towns and satellite villages. The orderliness and structure of the town-based Batswana society impressed the Christian missionaries, who began to arrive in the early 1800s. None managed to convert great numbers of Batswana, though they did manage to advise the locals, sometimes wrongly, in their dealings with the Europeans who followed. Meanwhile, the Boers began their Great Trek over the Vaal, crossing into Batswana and Zulu territory and attempting to impose white rule on the inhabitants. Many Batswana went into service on Boer farms, but the association was rarely happy and often marred by rebellion and violence. By 1877, animosity had escalated to such a level that the British finally stepped in to annex the Transvaal, thereby launching the first Boer War. The Boers dawdled after the Pretoria Convention of 1881 but moved back into Batswana lands in 1882, prompting the Batswana to again ask for British protection.

9. Botswana History BOTSWANA. The Batswana, a legislative council. In June 1964, Britain acceptedproposals for democratic selfgovernment in Botswana. The http://www.nationbynation.com/Botswana/History1.html

BACK TO THE FRONT PAGE BASIC INFO. GEOGRAPHY GOVERNMENT ... BOTSWANA The Batswana, a term inclusively used to denote all citizens of Botswana, also refers to the country's major ethnic group (the "Tswana" in South Africa), which came into the area from South Africa during the Zulu wars of the early 1880s. Prior to European contact, the Batswana lived as herders and farmers under tribal rule. In the late 19th century, hostilities broke out between the Batswana and Boer settlers from the Transvaal. After appeals by the Batswana for assistance, the British Government in 1885 put "Bechuanaland" under its protection. The northern territory remained under direct administration and is today's Botswana, while the southern territory became part of the Cape Colony and is now part of the northwest province of South Africa; the majority of Setswana-speaking people today live in South Africa. Despite South African pressure, inhabitants of the Bechuanaland Protectorate, Basutoland (now Lesotho), and Swaziland in 1909 asked for and received British assurances that they would not be included in the proposed Union of South Africa. An expansion of British central authority and the evolution of tribal government resulted in the 1920 establishment of two advisory councils representing Africans and Europeans. Proclamations in 1934 regularized tribal rule and powers. A European-African advisory council was formed in 1951, and the 1961 constitution established a consultative legislative council.

10. Safaris In Botswana, Africa botswana history with additional travel and safari information including maps,photos and pictures, safari details, wildlife reserves, news updates, free http://www.zamsaf.com/botswana/Botswana-History.htm

Safaris in Botswana Zimbabwe Zambia Botswana Namibia ... East Africa Probably southern Africa's most popular safari destination, renowned for: The Chobe and Linyanti : two important river systems, also home to Africa's greatest elephant population The Okavango Delta : an ecologically important wetland, well known for its "mekoro" (dug-out canoe trails) Moremi : Botswana's real wildlife "treasure trove" The Kalahari : home to the San bushmen and a few little known safari spots... Safaris for the 2002 and 3003 season in Botswana Maps Chobe The Okavango ... Reservations Airfares from Europe and the USA to Botswana Easily linked from Victoria Falls or Johannesburg, Botswana offers some ideal safari combinations with Zimbabwe, Zambia or Botswana. Besides having some of Africa's best known camps (Mombo, Jack's, Sandibe, Nxabega etc.), Botswana also has one of Africa's top six walking safari areas and is one of the top two mobile safari areas in Southern Africa. Whether you're looking for a "short stay" package to combine with Victoria Falls, a privately guided safari in Botswana, or something in between....

11. Botswana History Pages IndexThread Index botswana history Pages. To Multiple recipientsof list bantul@hum.gu.se ; Subject botswana history Pages; http://www.hum.gu.se/arkiv/BANTU-L/current/msg00101.html

Date Prev Date Next Thread Prev Thread Next ... Thread Index Botswana History Pages To bantu-l@hum.gu.se Subject : Botswana History Pages From jouni.maho@african.gu.se Date : Thu, 20 May 1999 11:27:03 +0200 (MET DST) Reply-To bantu-l@hum.gu.se Sender bantu-l@hum.gu.se http://humanities.ub.bw/history/hist.htm http://humanities.ub.bw/history/bw/bhpindex.htm Prev by Date: FYI: Fontes Historiae Africanae Next by Date: khoisan sounds on the net Prev by thread: FYI: Fontes Historiae Africanae Next by thread: khoisan sounds on the net Index(es): Date Thread

12. University Of Botswana History Department: Contact University of botswana history Department Contact. Back to top. Copyright © 2001University of botswana history Department Last updated 11 November 2001. http://www.thuto.org/ubh/ub/contact.htm

University of Botswana History Department Contact History Home Page Site Index Contents UB History Department ... Back to top UB History Department Electronic contact: Head of Department: Prof. G.A. Sekgoma , B.A., C.C.E. (UBS), M.A., Ph.D (Dalhousie), sekgomag@mopipi... [Click here for full email address] Full list of staff with contact details including email addresses and telephone extension numbers Back to contents Back to top Postal address: History Department University of Botswana Private Bag UB 00703 Gaborone Botswana For readers who are unfamiliar with the term, a "Private Bag" is rather like a P.O. Box. In Botswana there are both Private Bags and P.O.Boxes. So if you are given a number as P.O.Box 999, do not confuse this with Private Bag 999 (or vice versa ). P.O. Box 999 and Private Bag 999 would be two different addresses. The abbreviation for "Private Bag" is "P/bag". Note that "Gaborone" is sometimes abbreviated "Gabs" (see our page on place names and terminology ). The "University of Botswana" is abbreviated "UB". Indeed even in speech "UB" may be as common as "the University". The address of UB as a whole is Private Bag 0022 Gaborone Botswana and this may also be used for writing to departments (i.e. "History Department, University of Botswana, Private Bag 0022, Gaborone, Botswana"). Because this address is well-known locally, you will often see an address given as just "P/bag 0022, Gabs".

13. University Of Botswana History Department University of botswana history Department, including the ArchaeologyUnit and Museum Studies. About the History Department. Contact http://www.thuto.org/ubh/ub/hisdep.htm

About the History Department Contact Staff list, with email addresses Courses offered Site index ... Contents Sir Seretse Khama on the importance of studying the past: A nation without a past is a lost nation, and a people without a past is a people without a soul. Sir Seretse Khama, 1921 - 1980, first President of the Republic of Botswana. (See brief biography Thabo Mbeki on the importance of studying the past: ...we will seek to educate both the young and ourselves about everything all our forebears did to uphold the torch of freedom... We will also work to rediscover and claim the African heritage, for the benefit especially of our young generation. From South Africa to Ethiopia lie strewn ancient fossils which, in their stillness, speak still of the African origins of all humanity. Recorded history and the material things that time left behind also speak of Africa's historic contribution to the universe of philosophy, the natural sciences, human settlement and organisation, and the creative arts. Thabo Mbeki, President of the Republic of South Africa, first inaugural speech, 16 June 1999. ( The Star , Johannesburg, 17 June 1999 p. 4.)

14. Botswana: History encyclopediaEncyclopedia—botswana history. San (Bushmen) were the aboriginalinhabitants of what is now Botswana, but they constitute http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0856990.html

Celebs, Models ,Movie Stars... Magazines From Around the World! Ladies..Never pay retail again! Facial care packs and Cosmetics at lowest prices ! All Infoplease All Almanacs General Entertainment Sports Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Infoplease Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... Fact Monster Kids' reference Info:Daily Fun facts Homework Center Newsletter You've got info! Help Site Map Visit related sites from: Family Education Network Encyclopedia Botswana History San (Bushmen) were the aboriginal inhabitants of what is now Botswana, but they constitute only a small portion of the population today. The Tswana supplanted the San, who remained as subjects. Beginning in the 1820s, the region was disrupted by the expansion of the Zulu and their offshoot, the Ndebele. However, Khama II, chief of the Ngwato (the largest Tswana nation), curbed the depredations of the Ndebele and established a fairly unified state. A new threat arose in the late 19th cent. with the incursion of Boers (Afrikaners) from neighboring Transvaal . After gold was discovered in the region in 1867, the Transvaal government sought to annex parts of Botswana. Although the British forbade annexation, the Boers continued to encroach on native lands during the 1870s and 80s. German colonial expansion in South West Africa (Namibia) caused the British to reexamine their policies, and, urged on by

15. Books On Botswana History Botswana. Books on African History. Related Books. History IndexAfrica African Art African Travel African Music Boer War Zulu War http://www.dropbears.com/b/broughsbooks/history/botswana.htm

Botswana Books on African History Related Books History Index Africa African Art African Travel ... Click Here Departments Posters Calendars History Magazines Documentaries Magazines History Magazines Best Sellers Browse Powells History Books Botswana, 1939-1945: An African Country at War (Oxford Historical Monographs) by Ashley Jackson Hardcover: 304 pages ; Dimensions (in inches): 0.80 x 8.81 x 5.70 Publisher: Clarendon Pr; ; (April 1999) ISBN: 0198207646 Botswana's Search for Autonomy in Southern Africa: (Contributions in Political Science) by Richard Dale (Hardcover - July 1995) From Police Network to Station of the Nation: A Political History of Broadcasting in Botswana by James J. Zaffiro (Paperback - November 2000) Botswana (World Country Study Guide Library) by International Business Publications USA (Paperback - May 2002) A History of Education in the Bechuanaland Protectorate to 1965 by Part Themba Mgadla (Hardcover - May 2003) Democracy in Botswana: The Proceedings of a Symposium Held in Gaborone, 1-5 August 1988 by Patrick Molutsi (Editor), John D. Holm (Editor) (Paperback - September 1990) Dividing the Commons: Politics, Policy, and Culture in Botswana

16. Botswana History botswana history. Botswana was first occupied by the Bushmen, they werethere for about 30,000 years. Many other tribes came to Botswana http://www.east-buc.k12.ia.us/00_01/AF/bot/bot_his.htm

Botswana History Botswana was first occupied by the Bushmen, they were there for about 30,000 years. Many other tribes came to Botswana and the finding of gold helped the population of Botswana. Botswana got full independence on September 30, 1966. Bibliography Tuesday, April 10, 2001 http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0856990.html Tuesday, April 10, 2001 Wednesday, April 11, 2001 Louis A. Picard, Botswana. , World Book Encyclopedia, 01-01-2000. Intro Page Botswana's Culture Botswana's Geography and Climate Basic Facts Created By: Alex R. Back to the top

17. First National Bank Of Botswana History Our banking history. Towards the end of 1990 the First National Bank Groupmade the decision to invest in a retail banking operation in Botswana. http://www.fnbbotswana.co.bw/history.asp

Our banking history Towards the end of 1990 the First National Bank Group made the decision to invest in a retail banking operation in Botswana. As a first step, First National Bank of Botswana Limited (FNBB), a wholly-owned subsidiary of First National Bank Holdings (Botswana) Limited, was registered in 1991. In July of the same year the Bank of Botswana invited the Group to submit proposals for the acquisition and reconstruction of the Bank of Credit and Commerce (Botswana) Limited (BCCB), which was under the supervision of the Bank of Botswana. We took control of the bank in September 1991 after successfully negotiating with Bank of Credit and Commerce International. By June 1992 the sale of the BCCB to First National Bank Holdings (Botswana) Limited was complete. In October 1993 FNBB took over Financial Services Company of Botswana Limited and through this process obtained a listing on the Botswana Stock Exchange. In 1994 FNBB took over the entire issued share capital of Zimbank Botswana Limited, a registered commercial bank in Botswana. Who we are Individual Banking Corporate Banking Investments ... Site Map

18. First National Bank Of Botswana History Regulatory Items. The Financial Institutions Department of the Bank of Botswanastrives to promote the soundness of banks through effective supervision. http://www.fnbbotswana.co.bw/corporateGovernance.asp

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE FNBB recognises that companies with high standards of corporate governance are more likely to gain the confidence and support of investors and other stakeholders. To fulfil corporate responsibilities and achieve financial objectives, an effective system of corporate governance is essential. The Board of FNBB is committed to maintaining standards of integrity, accountability and openness with generally accepted practices. The Board of Directors The Board meets regularly, monitors executive Management and retains full and effective control over the bank. The chairman of the Board is a non-executive Director. The Board comprises non-executive Directors of sufficient calibre and number for their views to carry significant weight in Board decisions. To ensure that the direction and control of the bank is firmly in the Board's hands, it has a formal schedule of matters which have to be referred to it for decision. There are agreed procedures for Directors to follow in the execution of their duties. This includes taking independent professional advice, if necessary, at the bank's expense. All directors have access to the advice and services of the company secretaries, who are responsible to the Board. The company secretaries must ensure that the Board follows procedures and the rules and regulations that apply. If there were any question of the company secretaries being removed from their duties it would be a matter for the Board as a whole.

19. African Studies: Botswana botswana history Resources The botswana history pages by Prof. Neil Parsonsand other resources are designed for seekers after knowledge about Botswana. http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/indiv/africa/cuvl/Botswana.html

African Studies Internet Resources African Studies Email: africa @libraries.cul.columbia.edu African Studies Internet Resources home WWW Virtual Library ... Department home Botswana African Information Society Initiative: Botswana Internet Data, 1998 (AISI Connect Online Database, United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, in association with Bellanet International Secretariat, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada) Basic ICT infrastructure data, links to ICT projects and related web sites. Compare with National Information and Communications Infrastructure for Sustainable Development in Africa below. Amnesty International on Botswana, 2001 (Washington, DC and New York) Bank of Botswana (Gaborone, Botswana) This official website offers current news and statistics on the bank, official documents, and other information on the banking sector and the Botswana economy in general. Directory of Financial Institutions Operating in Botswana in 2002. (Online) Gaborone: Bank of Botswana, 2002. Bibliographies on the History of Botswana (Department of History

20. World Odyssey - Botswana History Botswana A Brief History. The Kalahari region has for many thousandsof years been the homeland of the Bushmen, traditionally hunter http://www.world-odyssey.com/botswana/botswana-history.htm

Essential Info Highlights Itineraries History Botswana - A Brief History The Kalahari region has for many thousands of years been the homeland of the Bushmen, traditionally hunter-gatherers who live a semi-nomadic existence. For the past few centuries, pastoral tribesmen have arrived from other areas of southern Africa and settled much of the land with their cattle. In the early 19th Century, European missionaries arrived in present-day Botswana with the aim of converting the dominant Tswana tribes and generally met with limited success. At the same time South African Boers, who were having their own difficulties with the British in the Cape, started to look north for land. Local tribesmen were engaged in a series of battles with the Boers and were regularly looking to Britain for assistance and protection. They finally gained this when Britain declared the area north of the River Molopo the British Protectorate of Bechuanaland in 1885. With the economy in poor shape and controversy raging between the Resident Commissioner and the tribal chiefs on how to manage the country, the seeds of nationalism were sown. From the 1940's to 1960's nationalist calls grew and the Batswana people started their own political parties. General elections were held in 1965 and Seretse Khama, the rightful heir to the tribal throne, was elected President. In September 1966 the country, now called Botswana, became independent. In the late 1960's rich diamond deposits were discovered, which has transformed the country's economy and has helped to turn Botswana into one of Africa's most peaceful and well-off nations.

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