1. Whoseland.com indigenous peoples In Kenya An Overview A PAPER PREPARED FOR MS (Danish Volunteer Organisation) By Dr. Naomi Kipuri P.O. BOX 24517, other parts of the world including africa. 1. indigenous peoples have a special attachment to Maasai of Kenya and Tanzania, Turkana, borana, Samburu, Bendille, Somali and others. http://www.whoseland.com/paper6.html

Indigenous Peoples In Kenya - An Overview A PAPER PREPARED FOR MS (Danish Volunteer Organisation) By Dr. Naomi Kipuri P.O. BOX 24517, TEL/FAX 254-2-891807 NAIROBI, KENYA A. Introduction "Indigenous people" is a concept we now often encounter in discussions on human rights, democracy, political development and civil society. This has followed from the continuing and deepening crisis if human suffering on a larger scale I the political, social, economic and cultural field as well as human rights abuses. At the same time, there have been political responses to colonial and post colonial pressures and political alienation of indigenous peoples. In many parts of Africa people are looking for new perceptions and new solutions to old problems and difficulties and taking part in the global discussion on indigenous rights has become one of the strategies in the struggle for a just development. This brief overview on indigenous peoples of Kenya is supposed to serve as a guideline in defining, planning and prioritizing assistance to the poor, marginalised indigenous peoples of Kenya. It was requested as a further elaboration of MS's development assistance to Kenya. It begins by recalling definitions used to identify indigenous peoples in the world and in Africa, then it assesses the "indigenousness" of those groups of people who have been identified as indigenous in Kenya and their struggle for recognition and demands for fairness and justice. There is also a brief discussion on the relevance of MS's policy on indigenous peoples and a few points on strategies to be followed by potential donors in order to alleviate the suffering of indigenous peoples in the region.

2. Whoseland.com Back to Papers indigenous peoples IN KENYA AN OVERVIEW A PAPER PREPARED FOR MS (Danish Volunteer Organisation) By Dr. Naomi Kipuri P.O. BOX 24517, and political alienation of indigenous peoples. In many parts of africa people are looking for Maasai of Kenya and Tanzania, Turkana, borana, Samburu, Bendille, Somali and others. http://www.whoseland.com/rights6.html

Back to Papers INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN KENYA - AN OVERVIEW A PAPER PREPARED FOR MS (Danish Volunteer Organisation) By Dr. Naomi Kipuri P.O. BOX 24517, TEL/FAX 254-2-891807 NAIROBI, KENYA A. Introduction "Indigenous people" is a concept we now often encounter in discussions on human rights, democracy, political development and civil society. This has followed from the continuing and deepening crisis if human suffering on a larger scale I the political, social, economic and cultural field as well as human rights abuses. At the same time, there have been political responses to colonial and post colonial pressures and political alienation of indigenous peoples. In many parts of Africa people are looking for new perceptions and new solutions to old problems and difficulties and taking part in the global discussion on indigenous rights has become one of the strategies in the struggle for a just development. This brief overview on indigenous peoples of Kenya is supposed to serve as a guideline in defining, planning and prioritizing assistance to the poor, marginalised indigenous peoples of Kenya. It was requested as a further elaboration of MS's development assistance to Kenya. It begins by recalling definitions used to identify indigenous peoples in the world and in Africa, then it assesses the "indigenousness" of those groups of people who have been identified as indigenous in Kenya and their struggle for recognition and demands for fairness and justice. There is also a brief discussion on the relevance of MS's policy on indigenous peoples and a few points on strategies to be followed by potential donors in order to alleviate the suffering of indigenous peoples in the region.

3. The Borana People Of Kenya A cultural profile of a group of borana of Kenya, who are part of a larger Oromo group of peoples related to other Eastern Cushite languages. Most of the borana and related peoples live in Ethiopia. Yet an indigenous church exists and probably with adequate Among CushiticSpeaking Pastoralists " africa, 55(1), 1985. http://endor.hsutx.edu/~obiwan/profiles/borana.html

SLRK Profiles Menu Strategy Leader Resource Kit Home People Profile The Borana of Kenya Religion : Islam and Local Tradition Population Status : 10% Christian NARRATIVE PROFILE Location : The Borana are part of a very much larger group of about 4 to 5 million persons of whom approximately 90,000 live in north central Kenya with the balance in Ethiopia. They are related to the Oromo in Somalia also. They live in a large area of barren northern Kenya. About 44% of the Kenya Borana live in Marsabit District, into Tana River District, Garissa District and in Moyale District. The heaviest concentration live in the Sololo area of Marsabit District and in Moyale District. Those in Isiolo District are concentrated in Merti and Garba Tula. History: The Borana are one of the resulting groups of Oromo migrants who left the southern highlands of Ethiopia in the 1500's. Most of the Borana and related peoples live in Ethiopia. The Oromo had migrated east but were pushed back by the Somali leading to a greater southern expansion. There are almost 4 million Borana people, most living in Ethiopia. Identity: The word spelled Borana is pronounced with the final vowel silent. It refers to the people or their language and also means friend or kind person. Thus, a bad person may be told he is not Borana.

4. VADA - Volkeren En Stammen Peoples Tribes B America). indigenous peoples in BOLIVIA borana BORAN (Ethiopië Ethiopia, Kenia - Kenya). BORORO (Brazilian Indians). BOSJESMANNEN BUSHMEN SAN (Zuidelijk Afrika - Southern africa) http://www.vada.nl/volkenbb.htm

VADA - Volkeren Peoples Tribes Last update: 17-07-2002 A B BA-AKA (Afrika - Africa) BABANKI (Kameroen - Cameroon) BABENJELE (Afrika - Africa) BABONGO (Afrika - Africa) ... BWA (Mali, Burkina Faso) BABANKI (Kameroen - Cameroon)/a> Babanki Information BABYLONIANS (Midden Oosten - Middle East) The Babylonians BAFUMBIRA BANYARWANDA (Oeganda - Uganda) The Bafumbira (Banyanrwanda) of Uganda BAGA (Guinee) H+K Gallery - About the Baga Tribe - An enormous head with beak nose and horseshoe ears (typical of the work of west Atlantic tribes), the whole heavily scarified, is cantilevered on a long neck. The huge breasts are carved in one with the shoulders and it is worn on the head of the dancer, whose body is hidden under a raffia costume, so that the head and breasts are all that is visible of the carving Baga Information BAGANDA (Oeganda - Uganda, Buganda) The Baganda of Uganda Meet the Baganda of Buganda Baganda The Baganda BAGAUDEN (Europa - Europe) Geografie - A - Bagauden BAGGARA (Nigeria) Prayer Profile: The Baggara See also: Baggara (Shuwa Arab) (Kameroen - Cameroon) BAGISU (Oeganda - Uganda) The Bagisu of Uganda The Bagisu BAGRI (India) The Bagri of India See also: Peoples of India BAGULALS BAGULAR (Rusland - Russia, Dagestan - Kaukasus - Caucasia)

5. IPACC - Regional Information: East Africa The indigenous peoples of Kenya and Tanzania consist of those peoples living from includethe Ogiek, Hadzabe, Maasai, Samburu, borana, Pokot, Barabaig http://www.ipacc.org.za/regional/regional.asp?Region=East_Africa

6. Land Resour Ce Management In Relation To Indigenous Peoples In Kenya To Indigeno Maasai, Barabaig, Samburu, borana and other East african cattle pastoralists. pamphlet is produced by the indigenous peoples of africa Coordinating Committee (IPACC), a network of http://www.itpcentre.org/KenyaIngles2.pdf

7. RE-THINKING AFRICAN INDIGENOUS APPROACHES TO POEACE TRANSFORMATION IN APOLLOS YAKUBU UNITAR Presentation Allafrica Conference on african Principles of peace and reconciliation. REVITALIZING TRADITIONAL africaN APPROACHES TO PEACEBULDING AND RECONCILIATION DURING ARMED CONFLICTS. PAPER AT THE ALL africa CONFERENCE ON africaN PRINCIPLES other communities like the borana to get herds of ceremonies eased tension between different peoples. Within the http://www.africanprinciples.org/documents/afi_apollos_panel_discussion_on_peace

“>Ù>1?u?¶?ýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýøñêãýýýýÞ×ÐÉ             Mabkmƒ„m n Æ Ç àá¡¢ñò©ª¯°67Ì Í ,(-(¬,­,ùòòòùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùù$ Æ 8 Æ 8­,^- .¡.‰1´2µ2Z5[55d6ó6¶79^;K <A@òÿ¡ <j <k <l <m <n <o <p <q <r <s <t <u <v <=e=ÿÀ!OÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÿÀ!ÿÀ!ÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!¬ÿÀ!¬ÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!g* <v <A@òÿ¡ <j <k <l <m <n <o <p <q <r <s <t <u <v <=e=ÿÀ!OÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÿÀ!ÿÀ!ÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!¬ÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!ÔÿÀ!g*

8. Africa (s1)(afr1Page1) the indigenous peoples) (Keywords Culture history, material culture, East. africa,Tigray, Amhara, Ethiopia, Somalia, Afar, Oromo, Ogaden, Konso, borana, Hamar http://www.tribalworldbooks.com.au/afr1Page1.html

Africa Page 1 of 3 Feature book of the Month Bamert , Arnold. AFRICA - Tribal Art of Forest and Savanna. (See this page for more detail) Agnely , Suzanne et al. (editors). LANDS OF THE NILE . Grand Tours of the World - East Africa, Ethiopia, Sudan, and Egypt. BNo. 1-55001-050-6. First Edition, 1986. Pp: 120; 285mm x 225mm; 0.85kg. Num col, 6 maps. A visitor's guide, photography credits. A very good hardback copy with illustrated cover. Cvr: vg (no dw issued). Torstar Books Inc, New York, 1986. (In this book the photographs and the associated text illustrate and describe the peoples and their surroundings of the various lands along the banks of the Niles from their sources to the sea.) (Keywords: Kenya, Maasai, Samburu, Nuba, Omo, Simien, Uganda). Book Code: AU Bamert , Arnold. AFRICA . Tribal Art of Forest and Savanna. BNo. 0-500-23318-7. First Edition, 1980 (English). Pp: xii, 332; 320mm x 245mm; 2.70kg. 210 col, num maps. Foreword, introduction, postscript, bibliography, index. A very good copy in dust wrapper. Cvr: vg; dw: vg. Thames and Hudson Ltd, London, 1980. (This book presents over two hundred African art treasures drawn from private

9. Destinations traditional lifestyles of the indigenous peoples, living among the views of MountKilimanjaro, africa’s highest come across nomadic borana, Rendille, Turkana http://www.robinhurtphotosafaris.com/destinations.htm

Destinations To this day, East Africa remains the finest wildlife paradise on earth. Travelling through landscapes of staggering beauty, witnessing the fascinating traditional lifestyles of the indigenous peoples, living among the spectacular herds of game and sleeping under canvas beneath the vast African sky, stimulates all the senses; the never-to-be-forgotten experiences that provoke moments of profound reflection. As Mick Jagger wrote in our guest book, it “Took me back.” Africa takes people back to their roots, to childhood dreams of striped horses, spotted cats, and giraffe, creatures impossible to believe until you see them in their natural habitat, in the landscape where our own kind began. Robin Hurt Photo Safaris supports sustainable ecotourism and to this end we patronize community group ranches that promote conservation in such areas as Il Ngwesi and Namunyak in northern Kenya. Both Kenya and Tanzania are acclaimed for their political stability; the people are helpful and friendly, and officials, polite and courteous.

10. World Food Habits Bibliography: Ecology status; africa; Kenya; Ethiopia; Turkana; borana. seasonal hunger; ecology; socialrelations; africa. and traditional food systems of indigenous peoples. http://lilt.ilstu.edu/rtdirks/ECOLOGY.html

FOOD AND CULTURE Ecology and Food Systems Atkins, P.J. 1997. The Maltese food system and the Mediterranean. GeoJournal. Vol. 41: [food system; Europe; Malta] Barry, H. et al. 1959. Relation of child training to subsistence economy. American anthropologist. Vol. 61:51-63. [food system; enculturation; children] Beardsworth, Alan and Teresa Keil. 1997. Sociology on the menu. New York: Routledge. [introductory textbook; development of modern food system; health, and body image; meaning; meat-eating and vegetarianism] Becker, Laurence. 2000. Garden money buys grain: food procurement patterns in Malian village. Human ecology. Vol. 28:219. [food system; Africa; Mali] Bernus, E. 1988. Seasonality, climate fluctuations, and food supplies. Coping with uncertainity in food supply. Oxford University Press. [change; ecology; nomadic pastoral food systems; Africa; Sahel] Bindon, J.R. 1994. Some implications of the diet of children in American Samoa. Collegium Anthropologicum. Vol. 18: [change; ecology; child nutrition; Oceania; Samoa] Blaxter, Kenneth. 1980. Food chains and human nutrition. Applied Science Publishers. [food systems; history]

11. D. Formenti's Links: AFRICA-KENYA selfreliance through sustainable economic development, indigenous Food Plants ProfilesKenyan populations, peoples of Kenya, People of Gabbra, borana, El molo. http://www.unipv.it/webbio/dfafrica.htm

D. Formenti's links: AFRICA-KENYA Dip.Biologia Animale , Pavia, IT other dba links africa kenya kenya_hum.rights ... kenya/turkana_news- Last updated: 19-Feb-03( 1145 days since 1-1-2000 and 415 days since euro is in our pockets) by Daniele Formenti Dip.Biologia Animale Univ.Pavia As internet too evolves, some links can be no more available ... Many recent links still out of order are in New links page OTHER DBA LINKS Top (ics) World development links Biological links Anthropological links Primatological links ... ETDP page AFRICA Top (ics) UNU Internet Resources on Africa links *** African Studies Links U.Penn. *** An A-Z of African Studies on the Internet *** African Related Resources U.Penn. ... Top (ics) Famafrique site African women's page (C.Bradley) FGM African Women Global Network (AWOGNet) ... Top (ics) Economic and Social Situation in Africa 1995 African Economy in 1994 and Prospects for 1995 African Technology Forum Food Security and Food Self Sufficiency in Africa ... Top (ics) AfroImplement WEB page (african health org) HIV/AIDS and the nutrition rights of infants UNAIDS University of Zambia Medical Library ... Top (ics) *** Africa development country sources USAID Famine Early Warning System (bulletin) Wildlife and community development (Kenya) World bank projects in Africa ... UNDP Sustainable Dev.Program Africa

12. Letter From Oromo Community To Mr. Kofi Anan of africa and one of the major african peoples. regions of Oromia such as Bale, borana,Wallagga, and fires destroyed not only rare indigenous animals, such as http://www.oromiaonline.com/Letter_to_UN.htm

Search this site for: Oromo Related Web Sites Sagalee Bilisummaa Oromoo Oromia Support Group (OSG) Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) Voice of America - Afaan Oromoo Other Links Sidama Liberation Front Sidama Concern Ogaden Online International News Stand BBC News Africa Daily Nation IRIN News VisAfric ... New York Times Letter from the Oromo Communities in North America to H.E. Mr. Kofi Anan, Secretary-General of the United Nations April 17, 2000 H.E. Mr. Kofi Annan Secretary-General The United Nations New York, NY 10017 Dear Mr. Secretary-General Annan

13. US Foreign Policy Towards The Horn Of Africa 2 By Hamdesa Tuso African reaches out to the indigenous doctrine as district from Wollo to borana (Kenyaborder socialpolitical-economic aspirations of underprivileged peoples. http://www.sidamaconcern.com/articles/us_policy2.html

Home Aims Articles Forum ... Sidama in Brief Links SLF OLF OSA Oromia Online Ogaden Online West Africa Review Africa Recovery Africa Resource Africa Newsfeed AllAfrica BBC CNN ... The Independent Constructed on a Sand Foundation The Crisis of U.S. Foreign Policy Toward the Horn of Africa During the Post Cold War Era A Critical Review (PART II) by Hamdesa TUSO The Sidama Concern Vol. 5 No. 2, July 2000 Go to Part III Contents The Horn of Africa and the New Cold War The old Cold War The Cold War and the policies of Western powers toward the Horn of Africa The New Cold War ... End Notes 3. The Horn of Africa and the New Cold War In this section we will explore the nature of the new Cold War, which seems to dictate the U.S. foreign policy toward that region. In order to advance our thesis that the U.S. policies in that region are influenced by the new Cold War, we need to revisit, though briefly, the social phenomenon of the old Cold War and establish the similarities and the interconnections between them. 3.1 The old Cold War

14. Untitled Hunters and pastoralists in East africa the case of the Waata and Oromoborana’,in Dynamics of africa’s indigenous peoples ‘First peoples’ or http://www.abdn.ac.uk/chags9/1kassam.htm

Aneesa Kassam and Ali Balla Bashuna The predicament of the Waata, former hunter-gatherers of East and Northeast Africa: etic and emic perspectives Aneesa Kassam, Department of Anthropology, University of Durham, England and Ali Balla Bashuna, Marsabit, Kenya Paper to be presented at the Ninth International Conference on Hunters and Gatherers, Edinburgh, Scotland, 9-13 September, 2002. Abstract This paper tells the story of the Waata, former Oromo hunter-gatherers of East and Northeast Africa, who specialized in elephant hunting. It relates how the Waata way of life was brought to an end in the colonial period due to the enactment of wildlife conservation laws and the creation of national parks. Through this policy and that of the containment of ethnic groups to tribal reserves in Kenya, the Waata lost their place in the regional system of production. As a result, they lost their autonomy and became servile members of the Boorana and Gabra Oromo pastoral groups with whom they had traditionally interacted. They thus suffered both external, state, and internal, cultural, discrimination. The paper describes the Waata struggle for self-determination in postcolonial Kenya and reflects on the problems of advocating their cause, both from an emic and etic point of view. Introduction The story is told emically, from the inside, from the point of view of a Waata social activist from Northern Kenya (Bashuna 1993; forthcoming), and etically, from the outside, from the perspective of a social anthropologist (Kassam 1986; 2000). Both researchers have been analysing the problem of the Waata in different ways. Their present collaboration is the outcome of a dialogue that began in Kenya over a decade ago. The paper also reflects on this dialogical process and on the problems of advocating the Waata cause.

15. Untitled Document legacy have split ecosystems as well as indigenous groups country in times of drought(eg, the borana of North some suggestion that the Maa 10 peoples on either http://www.bsponline.org/bsp/publications/africa/121/121/chap3.htm

In this Chapter: Next Chapter A. Administrative and political international boundaries Return to TOC B. A historical overview of cooperation in the region ... Return to BSP Publications Chapter III. The Eastern Africa Region: The Political Context A . Administrative and political international boundaries The countries of Eastern Africa (defined here as comprising Burundi, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda, Somalia, and Tanzania) have a number of features in common. First, most countries were colonies. While Burundi and Rwanda were colonized by the Germans and then by the Belgians, Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania were British colonial territories (Tanganyika was taken from Germany at the end of the First World War). Ethiopia was colonized by Italy but only for a short while. Eritrea was part of Ethiopia up to 1993. Djibouti was French, Somalia was Italian (though a part of it was colonized by Britain). Map 1 shows the countries and capital cities, and Table 3 summarizes their key statistics. These countries’ boundaries were established by their colonial regimes, and are largely political constructs. Although they might appear fixed, international boundaries have been fluid and have gone through some adjustments over the past 150 years. Border conflicts are unfortunately still common in parts of Africa—witness the Eritrea-Ethiopia conflict of 1998–2000. These adjustments have seriously impacted the inter-connectedness of cultural and natural systems. Borders resulting from the colonial legacy have split ecosystems as well as indigenous groups. Borders were decided arbitrarily by colonialists using simple geographic features rather than ecosystems’ structures and human and wildlife movements. Rivers, mountains, and straight lines such as longitude and latitude were used to demarcate national boundaries (Griffin

16. LTC Library Acquisitions - September/October 1996 Hitchcock, Robert K. indigenous peoples, resource management, and and developmentin the Horn of africa. resources management in borana pastoralism an http://www.wisc.edu/ltc/sepoct96.html

RECENT LIBRARY ACQUISITIONS SEPTEMBER - OCTOBER 1996 ARTICLES - GENERAL Alderman, Claudia L. The economics and the role of privately-owned lands used for nature tourism, education, and conservation. (IN: Protected area economics and policy. Washington, D.C. : Distributed for the World Conservation Union by the World Bank, 1994, p. 273-318) Memorial Library HC 79 .E5 P738 1994 Barrett, Christopher B. Urban bias in price risk : the geography of food price distributions in low-income economies. (IN: Journal of development studies, 32:6, 1996, p. 830-849) Land Tenure Center Library Periodical Shelf Carter, M.R., and B.L. Barham Level playing fields and laissez faire : postliberal development strategy in inegalitarian agrarian economies. (IN: World development, 24:7, 1996, p. 1133-1150) Land Tenure Center Library Periodical Shelf De Groote, Hugo Optimal survey design for rural data collection in developing countries. (IN: Quarterly journal of international agriculture, 35:2, 1996, p. 163-175) Land Tenure Center Library Periodical Shelf Focus : disasters and development. (IN: DHA news, 18, 1996, p. 1-23)

17. "A Gender-Sensitive Study Of Perceptions & Practices In And Around Bale Mountain Oromo groups, such as the borana, situated further SOS Sahel, GTZ and Farm africa– are involved in in Kemf, Elizabeth (Ed.) 'indigenous peoples an Protected http://www.mtnforum.org/resources/library/flinf00a.htm

A Gender-Sensitive Study of Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia Fiona Flintan November, 2000 [PLEASE NOTE THIS VERSION INCLUDES SECTIONS 1 AND 7 ONLY – A copy of the full version is available on http://www.ucc.ie/famine/GCD The International Famine Centre WWF International University College Cork DGIS-WWF Tropical Forest Portfolio 8, Grenville Place Avenue du Mont-Blanc 27 Cork 1196 Gland Ireland Switzerland Tel: +353-21-490-4330 Tel: +41-22-364-9111 Email: F.Flintan@ucc.ie Email: abjorvik@wwfint.org ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was commissioned by WWF International and funded by the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs (DGIS). Sincere thanks go to Tom McShane for supporting me in this project. I am also extremely grateful to the communities in and around Bale Mountains National Park who made this study possible and so enjoyable, by sharing their time, perspectives and on a number of occasions their barley porridge, hot potatoes, cups of milk and coffee. Special thanks are due to my guides/interpreters Hussein Adem and Zegeye Kibret, particularly for their patience and enthusiasm. I would also like to thank the large number of people in Addis Ababa who facilitated my visit, especially Dr Ermias Bekele, Tsehay Abera and Abebe Haile of WWF Ethiopia together with Ato Tesfaye Hundessa and Almaz Tadesse of EWCO. Finally, I should like to thank Emiliana for her generous hospitality and good company.

18. VADA - Volkeren Stammen Peoples Tribes I - L VADA Volkeren Stammen peoples Tribes. Last (Noord Amerika - North America). indigenous PEOPLE. INGALIK (Native American the Igbo-speaking peoples of West africa. Igbo homepage http://www.vada.nl/volkenil.htm

VADA - Volkeren Stammen Peoples Tribes Last update: 09-11-2002 I IANOMAMI YANOMAMI (Brasilian Indians) IBALOI (Filipijnen - the Philippines) IBIBIO (Nigeria) IBO (Nigeria) ... IZHORIANS (Rusland - Russia) J JAEGA (Native American, USA) JAINS (Kenia - Kenya) JAMA MAPUN (Filipijnen - the Philippines) JAMSHIDI (Afghanistan, Iran) ... JURUNA (Brasilian Indians) K KAAGAN (Filipijnen - the Philippines) KA BEO LO LO (Vietnam) KABRE (Togo) KAFIRS (Zuid Afrika - South Africa) ... KWINTI (Suriname) L LACCADIVE MAPPILLA (India) LA CHI CU TE LA QUA THO DEN (Vietnam) LA HA KHLA PHLOA (Vietnam) LAHU (Laos, Thailand) ... The Nation: Ibans IBIBIO (Nigeria) G.I. Jones Photographic Archive Photographs of Nigerian art and masquerade taken in the 1930s. Includes examples from Igbo, Ibibio, Ijo, and Ogoni speaking peoples See also: Nigeria IGBO IBO (Nigeria) Widowhood Among the Igbo of Eastern Nigeria Thesis submitted by Chima Jacob Korieh for the Degree of Master of Philosophy in History, University of Bergen, Norway, Spring 1996 G.I. Jones Photographic Archive

19. Center For Archaeoastronomy: A&E News Archive indigenous European, Arabic, American, and Polynesian astronomies have been the starlore of the peoples of Mali The borana of Ethiopia follow a lunar calendar http://www.wam.umd.edu/~tlaloc/archastro/ae28.html

Center for Archaeoastronomy Main Page NEWS Find Out More What is Archaeoastronomy? More About the Center for Archaeoastronomy More About ISAAC Publications of the Center ... Lost Codex Used Book Sale Outside Links Archaeoastronomy Archaeology Astronomy History of Science ... Museums Archive Number 28 June Solstice 1998 ESSAY NEWS NOTES African Astronomy by Jarita Holbrook, History Dept. UCLA Stellar Navigation: Stellar navigation is a method of using the stars to determine directions when traveling at night. During my field work in Tunisia, North Africa, I discovered that the fishermen of the Kerkennah Islands still used stellar navigation to reach their fisheries at night (Holbrook 1998). Since then I've unveiled several sites of stellar navigation all over Africa. A second site which I am researching is the Afar people in Eritrea (Holbrook 1998). During the struggle for independence which ended in 1993, the Afar where consulted to navigate troops at night. Other potential stellar navigation sites are in Senegal, Ghana, Nigeria, and Madagascar. Most but not all of the sites as associated with ocean travel. Summary: My preliminary findings on African Astronomy reveals a continent rich in astronomical traditions. I have presented four of these traditions as separate from each other, but in fact they overlap in interesting and unexpected ways. Such as stars being named for their use in navigation or being named for the season which begins with their appearance. In addition to the four topics mentioned here there are several more focusing on the moon, the sun, the major planets, and the relationship between the stars and man. I continue to search the literature for mention of African astronomical traditions as well as taking trips to Africa to interview people about their astronomy.

20. Education In Multi-Ethnic Societies Of Central And Eastern Europe Kenya Sophia Duba KPF/Panos and borana Radio Programme. South africa Sheila DuttonIndigenous peoples of africa Coordinating Committee (IPACC). http://www.minorityrights.org/WorkshopReports/work_rep_chapterdetail.asp?ParentI

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