1. 100gogo Expedition Of Africa, Africa's Super Predators & Mammals Safari BAAKA (Afrika - africa). BABANKI (Kameroen - Cameroon) (Native American). bemba BEMBE (Democratische Republiek Congo Amerika - North America). indigenous peoples in BOLIVIA http://www.100gogo.com/africa

Africa - The Birthplace of Modern Humans You either love it or hate it . . . Africa Map Click here to see large map Introduction Features of Africa Africa is the second-largest continent , after Asia, covering 30,330,000 sq km; about 22% of the total land area of the Earth. It measures about 8,000 km from north to south and about 7,360 km from east to west. The highest point on the continent is Mt. Kilimanjaro - Uhuru Point - (5,963 m/19,340 ft) in Tanzania. The lowest is Lake 'Asal (153 m/502 ft below sea level) in Djibouti. The Forests cover about one-fifth of the total land area of the continent. The Woodlands, bush lands, grasslands and thickets occupy about two-fifth. And the Deserts and their extended margins have the remaining two-fifths of African land. World's longest river : The River Nile drains north-eastern Africa, and, at 6,650 km (4,132 mi), is the longest river in the world. It is formed from the Blue Nile, which originates at Lake Tana in Ethiopia, and the White Nile, which originates at Lake Victoria. World's second largest lake : Lake Victoria is the largest lake in Africa and the is the world's second-largest freshwater lake - covering an area of 69,490 sq km (26,830 sq mi) and lies 1,130 m (3,720 ft) above sea level. Its greatest known depth is 82 m (270 ft).

2. History Of Disability In Eastern And Southern Africa Religion in SubSaharan africa has changed and evolved over felt among the indigenous peoples who inhabited this expanse. Initiation Ceremony among the bemba of Zambia London and http://www.socsci.kun.nl/ped/whp/histeduc/mmiles/aesabib.html

Updated: January 2001 by M. Miles Author's email address: m99miles@hotmail.com Introduction (a) African indigenous practices concerning disability. (b) Missionary care; Census, School health surveys, Law. (c) Schools and non-institutional development. (d) The disability-related NGOs. Cultural Relevance Notes Bibliography Introduction Region This sketch refers mostly to the geographical region now divided into the countries of Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Botswana and Tanzania , but will also make brief references to South Africa, Namibia and Mozambique . The area will here be abbreviated as AESA The reason for skimming lightly around so huge an area is that no comprehensive collection of relevant materials has yet been made, nor any adequate overview written. Up to the 1950s, odds and ends have surfaced, e.g. as footnotes to medical histories or anthropologies, and as references to government documents and dusty, crumbling archives. However, the material concerned with disabilities in Iliffe's (1987) history of African poverty shows that there are serious possibilities for retrieving a more substantial depth of disability history. Scope The following topics are sketched lightly, indicating some sources and different types of material:

3. Bibliography Of Indigenous Knowledge And InstitutionsWORKSHOP RESEARCH LIBRARY I Resource Values on indigenous peoples Are Nonmarket Valuation Resource Values on indigenous peoples Are Nonmarket Valuation Water Management in East africa.". african Affairs http://www.indiana.edu/~workshop/wsl/indigbib.html

WORKSHOP RESEARCH LIBRARY Indigenous Knowledge and Institutions (2100 citations) Compiled by Charlotte Hess November 21, 2001 Abay, Fetien, Mitiku Haile, and Ann Waters-Bayer 1999. "Dynamics in IK: Innovation in Land Husbandry in Ethiopia." Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor Abbink, John. 1993. "Ethnic Conflict in the 'Tribal Zone': the Dizi and Suri in Southern Sudan." The Journal of Modern African Studies Acharya, Bipin Kumar. 1994. "Nature Cure and Indigenous Healing Practices in Nepal: A Medical Anthropological Perspective." In Anthropology of Nepal: Peoples, Problems, and Processes . M. Allen, ed. Kathmandu, Nepal: Mandala Book Point. Acheson, James M. 1994. "Transaction Costs and Business Strategies in a Mexican Indian Pueblo." In Anthropology and Institutional Economics . J. Acheson, ed. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. (Monographs in Economic Anthropology, no. 12). Acheson, James M. 1990. "The Management of Common Property in a Mexican Indian Pueblo." Presented at "Designing Sustainability on the Commons," the first annual conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property, Duke University, Durham, NC, September 27-30, 1990. Acres, B. D. 1984. "Local Farmers' Experience of Soils Combined with Reconnaissance Soil Survey for Land Use Planning: An Example from Tanzania."

4. General Essay On The Religions Of Sub-Saharan Africa its presence felt among the indigenous peoples who inhabited The choice of indigenoustraditions has been made on Initiation Ceremony among the bemba of Zambia http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/sub/geness.html

General Essay on the Religions of Sub-Saharan Africa Religion in Sub-Saharan Africa has changed and evolved over the last two to three thousand years in many different ways. While the traditions depicted in this chart provide examples of those that exist today, and that were affected by the expansion of European colonialism in the 19th century, peoples living in the vast area south of the Sahara desert had already sustained rich systems of belief and practice long before the arrival of Christianity and colonialism, and certainly in some cases befroe the Muslim expansion from the Arabian peninsula. Islam entered Sub-Saharan Africa in the eighth century, and within six hundred years of the prophet's death had penetrated from the Sahara to the Sudanic belt, and from the Atlantic to the Red Sea, making its presence felt among the indigenous peoples who inhabited this expanse. Other transplanted religions have had virtually no impact upon Sub-Saharan traditions. With the exception of Judaism, these did not make any permanent incursion into the region until the 19th or 20th centuries. The chart suggests three wide areas of religious beliefs and practices: (I) Indigenous African religions; (II) World Religions (Baha'i, Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Jainism, Sikhism and Zorastrianism); (III) New Religious Traditions (African Independent Churches).

5. Kingdoms Of Africa CHIL CO HO (Vietnam). indigenous peoples in CHILE COLCHIS (Europa Europe). indigenous peoples in COLOMBIA. COLOUREDS DANKALI AFAR (Oost Afrika - East africa). DANGS BHIL (India) http://www.afrc.af.mil/910AW/Black%20History%20Web/kingdoms_of_africa.htm

Kingdoms Of Africa Africa was the homeland of several great civilizations. On the gold-rich coast alone, which became the primary area for the capture and sale of Africans into slavery, were the kingdoms of Ghana, Benin, Mali, Ashanti, and the Songhai Empire. These early societies featured highly democratic forms of government with military divisions and profitable trade relations with European and Asian nations as well as with other smaller communities throughout the continent. They were also noted for their educational and cultural institutions. Many factors contributed to the decline of these kingdoms, inclluding the growth of the slave trade. The map right shows the major kingdoms on the African continent. East African Kingdoms kabaka ("king"). Farther to the south, in Rwanda, a cattle-raising pastoral aristocracy founded by the Chwezi (alternatively called Tutsi, or Hima in this area) ruled over settled Bantu peoples from the 16th century onward. Central African Kingdoms Bantu-speaking peoples moving east from the Congo region during the 1st millennium AD are thought to have assimilated local Stone Age peoples. Later Bantu immigrants, called the Karanga, were the ancestors of the present-day Shona people. The Karanga began constructing the Great Zimbabwe, an impressive stone compound housing the royal court, which became the center of powerful gold-trading state. They also formed the Mwene Mutapa Empire, which derived its wealth from large-scale gold mining. At its height in the 15th century, its sphere of influence stretched from the Zambezi River to the Kalahari to the Indian Ocean and to the Limpopo River.

6. Directory :: Look.com A short ethnography on the bemba of africa. A ethnography on the Hausa people of africa. resourcesworldwide provided by the indigenous peoples Specialty Group http://www.look.com/searchroute/directorysearch.asp?p=282106

7. AllAfrica.com -- Congo-Kinshasa: Monuc Confirms MLC Withdrawal From Mambasa including massacre and cannibalism of civilians, and of indigenous peoples orpygmies bemba said that 12 soldiers of the MLC who had been Acoustic africa, http://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200301300512.html

Afrique du Sud Algérie Angola Bénin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroun Cap-Vert Centrafrique Comores Congo-Brazzaville Congo-Kinshasa Côte d'Ivoire Djibouti Egypte Erythrée Ethiopie Gabon Gambie Ghana Guinée Guinée Bissau Guinée Equatoriale Ile Maurice Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libye Madagascar Malawi Mali Maroc Mauritanie Mozambique Namibie Niger Nigeria Ouganda Rwanda Sahara Occidental São Tomé et Principé Sénégal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalie Sudan Swaziland Tanzanie Tchad Togo Tunisie Zambie Zimbabwe Monuc Confirms MLC Withdrawal From Mambasa Email This Page Print This Page Visit The Publisher's Site UN Integrated Regional Information Networks 30 Janvier 2003 Publié sur le web le 30 Janvier 2003 Kinshasa The United Nations confirmed on Thursday the complete withdrawal of the Mouvement de liberation du Congo (MLC) from the northeastern town of Mambasa in northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The withdrawal was in accordance with an accord signed on 30 December 2002 in the northwestern town of Gbadolite between the MLC and two other rebel groups - its ally, the Rassemblement congolais pour la democratie-National (RCD-N), and its opposition, the RCD-Kisangani-Mouvement de liberation. The question of a complete withdrawal had been a matter of heated controversy for the prior 48 hours, as the UN Mission in the DRC (MONUC) had disputed the MLC's claim on Tuesday to have fully withdrawn from Mambasa. However, MLC leader Jean-Pierre Bemba clarified that his remaining forces were completing an inquiry into allegations by the UN and others that soldiers of the MLC and RCD-N had committed widespread human rights violations against civilians, including massacre and cannibalism of civilians, and of indigenous peoples - or pygmies - in particular.

8. Conference Of Non-Governmental Organizations In Consultative Status With The Uni the rebels lead by JeanPierre bemba and Roger gatherers or `pygmies' who live inCentral africa. Decade of the World's indigenous peoples includes indigenous http://www.ngocongo.org/ngosubs/wip.htm

COMMITTEES OF SUBSTANCE International Decade for the World's Indigenous People. ( New York) CALENDAR Geneva New York Vienna ... LINKS The NGO Committee on the United Nations International Decade of the World's Indigenous Peoples includes Indigenous Peoples, representatives of International Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and Community-Based Organizations (CBOs). It is a Special Committee member of the Conference of Non-Governmental Organizations in Consultative Relationship with the United Nations (CONGO). The NGO Committee began its work on October 16, 1991, seeking to strengthen the effectiveness of the United Nations with regard to the 1993 United Nations International Year of the World's Indigenous Peoples. On December 8, 1994, the United Nations General Assembly launched the International Decade, and the NGO Committee transferred its mandate from the International Year to supporting the International Decade (1995-2004). With the launching of the International Decade, the United Nations has pledged to improve the situation of over 300 million Indigenous Peoples worldwide. The General Assembly resolutions have proposed to strengthen international cooperation in such areas as human rights, the environment, development, education, and health.

9. Dehai Africa/World News Archive: (IRIN): DRC: MONUC Confirms MLC Withdrawal From However, MLC leader JeanPierre bemba clarified that his remaining forces were massacreand cannibalism of civilians, and of indigenous peoples - or pygmies http://www.dehai.org/archives/AW_news_archive/0855.html

(IRIN): DRC: MONUC confirms MLC withdrawal from Mambasa New Message Reply About this list Date view ... Author view From: Berhane Habtemariam ( Berhane.Habtemariam@gmx.de Date: Thu Jan 30 2003 - 16:58:27 EST DRC: MONUC confirms MLC withdrawal from Mambasa KINSHASA, 30 Jan 2003 (IRIN) - The United Nations confirmed on Thursday the complete withdrawal of the Mouvement de liberation du Congo (MLC) from the town of Mambasa in northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The withdrawal was in accordance with an accord signed on 30 December 2002 in the northwestern town of Gbadolite between the MLC and two other rebel groups - its ally, the Rassemblement congolais pour la democratie-National (RCD-N), and its opposition, the RCD-Kisangani-Mouvement de liberation. The question of a complete withdrawal had been a matter of heated controversy for the prior 48 hours, as the UN Mission in the DRC (MONUC) had disputed the MLC's claim on Tuesday to have fully withdrawn from Mambasa. However, MLC leader Jean-Pierre Bemba clarified that his remaining forces were completing an inquiry into allegations by the UN and others that soldiers of the MLC and RCD-N had committed widespread human rights violations against civilians, including massacre and cannibalism of civilians, and of indigenous peoples - or pygmies - in particular. Bemba said on Wednesday that the pygmies who were questioned by MLC investigators in Mambasa, in the presence of MONUC personnel "said they had heard nothing about pygmies being subjected to cannibalism in Mambasa".

10. Emory University: Linguistic Anthropology: Bemba A Linguistic Profile A brief linguistic profile of the Central Bantu language spken in the Northern, Copperbelt, and Luapula Category Regional africa Zambia Society and Culture...... known as the bembaspeaking peoples of Zambia bemba was also selected by the colonialadministration as one of the four main indigenous languages (along http://www.emory.edu/COLLEGE/ANTHROPOLOGY/FACULTY/ANTDS/Bemba/profile.html

BEMBA: A Brief Linguistic Profile Please cite the information from these pages responsibly and inform us about your use. For guidance, go to How to Cite our Web Pages Debra Spitulnik Department of Anthropology, Emory University email: dspitul@emory.edu Mubanga E. Kashoki Institute of Economic and Social Research, University of Zambia Language Name: Bemba. Autonym: iciBemba. Alternate spellings: ciBemba, ChiBemba, ichiBemba. Location: Principally spoken in Zambia, in the Northern, Copperbelt, and Luapula Provinces; also spoken in southern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and southern Tanzania. Family: Bemba is a Central Bantu language. The Bantu language family is a branch of the Benue-Congo family, which is a branch of the Niger-Congo family, which is a branch of Niger-Kordofanian. Related Languages: Most closely related to the Bantu languages Kaonde (in Zambia and DRC), Luba (in DRC), Nsenga and Tonga (in Zambia), and Nyanja/Chewa (in Zambia and Malawi). Dialects: Principal dialects are: Aushi, Bemba, Bisa, Chishinga, Kunda, Lala, Lamba, Luunda, Ng'umbo, Swaka, Tabwa, and Unga. Each of these dialects is distinguished by its association with a distinct ethnic group, culture, and territory of the same name. Each dialect exhibits minor differences of pronunciation and phonology, and very minor differences in morphology and vocabulary. Because Bemba is such a widely used

11. Global Advisor Newsletter -The Languages And Writing Systems Of Africa but, Hausa, Yoruba, Ibo and a number of indigenous languages are Ewe in the southand Voltaicspeaking peoples in the Tonga, Nyanja and bemba are some of these http://www.intersolinc.com/newsletters/africa.htm

Global Advisor Newsletter Return to Newsletter Archives T he Languages and Writing Systems of Africa Country Language Script Algeria, Al Djazair, Algérie, (Democratic and Popular Republic of) Arabic, French and a Berber language. Arabic, Latin, Berber Angola, (Republic of) Portuguese is the official language, but a Bantu language is widely spoken. Latin, Bantu Benin, former kingdom, situated in present-day SW Nigeria French and Fon Latin, Fon Botswana, ( Republic of) English is the official language, but the population is mainly Tswana, who speak a Bantu language. Latin, Bantu Burkina Faso or Burkina, formerly Upper Volta French is the official language. Latin Burundi, Republic of Official languages are French and Kurundi (a Bantu language) Swahili is also spoken Latin, Bantu Cameroon (Cameroun) (Republic of) French and English are the official languages. Latin Central African Republic (Republique Centrafricaine) French is the official language, but Sango is the medium of communication among people who speak different languages. Latin Chad

12. Africa: "Tribe" Background Paper, 2 While there are many indigenous Zambian words which Ngoni were warlike althoughthe bemba were considered and culturally distinct Hutu and Tutsi peoples. http://www.africaaction.org/docs97/eth9711.2.htm

Africa Policy Home Page Chronological Index (1997) Geographical Index (1997) Africa: "Tribe" Background Paper, 2 Date distributed (ymd): 971221 APIC Document APIC Background Paper 010 (November 1997) This series of background papers is part of a program of public education funded by the Carnegie Corporation of New York and the Ford Foundation. The attractively produced typeset version of this background paper is available from APIC for $2 each ($1.60 each for 20 or more). Add 15% for postage and handling. Order in bulk for your class or study group, or to send to news media in response to stereotypical coverage of Africa. Talking about "Tribe": Moving from Stereotypes to Analysis November, 1997 (continued from part 1) Case in Point: Zambia Zambia is slightly larger than the U.S. state of Texas. The country has approximately 10 million inhabitants and a rich cultural diversity. English is Zambia's official language but it also boasts 73 different indigenous languages. While there are many indigenous Zambian words which translate into nation, people, clan, language, foreigner, village, or community, there are none that easily translate into "tribe." Sorting Zambians into a fixed number of "tribes" was a byproduct of British colonial rule over Northern Rhodesia (as Zambia was known prior to independence in 1964). The British also applied stereotypes to the different groups. Thus the Bemba, Ngoni and the Lozi were said to be "strong." The Bemba and the Ngoni were "warlike" although the Bemba were considered the much "finer race" because the Ngoni had intertwined with "inferior tribes and have been spoiled by civilization." The Lamba were labelled "lazy and indolent" and the Lunda considered to have "an inborn distaste for work in a regular way." These stereotypes in turn often determined access to jobs. The Lunda, for instance, were considered "good material from which to evolve good laborers."

13. Democratic Republic Of The Congo / DRC (Kinshasa) An annotated guide to internet resources on africa.Category Regional africa Congo, Democratic Republic of the...... Survival, based in Cambridge, MA, helps indigenous peoples and ethnic Special Projectsis the Ituri Forest peoples Fund. Its President is Jean Pierre bemba. http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/zaire.html

Countries Democratic Republic of the Congo Search: Countries Topics Africa Guide Suggest a Site ... Africa Home See also: DRC News ABC Nightline - Heart of Darkness Site for the five-part TV series hosted by Ted Koppel. Program transcripts, a journal by the producer of life in the Eastern Congo, people profiles, relief efforts, the link between coltan, cell phones and the DRC. http://abcnews.go.com/sections/nightline/ Academie Royale des Sciences d'Outre-mer (Bruxelles, Belgium) In French, English, Dutch. "The Royal Academy of Overseas Sciences was founded in 1928 with the aim of promoting scientific knowledge in overseas regions" [esp. Congo-Kinshasa]. "The Academy is divided into three Sections: the Section of Moral and Political Sciences, the Section of Natural and Medical Sciences and the Section of Technical Sciences." Publishes Biographie belge d'Outre-Mer (first pub. in 1941, was called la Biographie Coloniale Belge . Publishes three series of . http://www.belspo.be/kaow-arsom2/index.html Aequatoria Archives Research Project Based at the Research Center of the International Pragmatics Association, University of Antwerp, and works with the

14. Zambia Home was denied by Rhodesia and South africa because of The Lozi and bemba peoples areespecially well known for are Muslim and Hindu and 1% have indigenous beliefs http://www.questconnect.org/africa_Zambia.htm

Welcome to Zambia Click on flag to see it in detail Eclipse Journal Photographs Geography and Climate Economy ... African Adventures ***Special Interest*** Zambia Open Community Schools Lesson Plans Southern Africa Links Check out the Route Maps ... Send us an Email Click on either map to see it in detail Encyclopedia Britannia and Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection Geography and Climate Oddly shaped and slightly larger than the state of Texas, Zambia covers 752,610 sq kms. Border countries include Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo (formerly Zaire), Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania and Zimbabwe. Zambia sits on a high plateau, sloping sharply in the north down to Lake Tanganyika which Zambia shares with Tanzania, Burundi and Congo (Zaire). There are three major rivers; the Zambezi which forms the border with Namibia and Zimbabwe, the Kafue which flows into the Zambezi south of Lusaka (the Capital) and the Luangwa which also flows into the Zambezi. Zambia's most impressive geographical aspect is Victoria Falls which is shared with Zimbabwe. On the Zambezi river at Livingstone, the falls are 2kms wide, 100m deep and 546 million cubic meters of water flow over them every minute.

15. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: A LANDSCAPE OF POLITICAL INSTABILITY group's belief in a common origin (eg the Mande peoples trace a indigenous AFRICANCULTURE. Examples include the Akans of Ghana, Lamba, bemba and Tonga of Zambia http://www.geography.ccsu.edu/kyem/GEOG466_Africa/Culture and Conflicts in Afric

CULTURE AND CONFLICTS IN AFRICA What is a Culture? An Anthropologist’s definition: "Culture consists of the abstract values, beliefs, and perceptions of the world" that shape people’s behaviors and are reflected in those behaviors." Shared by members of a society, "[c]ultures are learned, largely through the medium of language, rather than inherited biologically, and the parts of a culture function as an integrated whole." "People maintain cultures to deal with problems or matters that concern them. To survive, a culture must satisfy the basic needs of those who live by its rules, provide for its own continuity and an orderly existence ," "strike a balance between the self-interests of individuals and the needs of the society as a whole," and "have the capacity to change in order to adapt to new circumstances or to altered perceptions of existing circumstances" (William A. Havilland, Anthropology, th ed, Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1994; p. 303]. Culture refers to a complex system of behaviors and attitudes embodied in the total way of life of a group of people including their diet, norms and traditions, music and dancing, language, art, religion, and distinctive behaviors that make the group of people unique and distinguishes them from other people.

16. Kulttuuri- Ja Sosiaaliantropologian Opetus Syyslukukaudella 2002 Case Study of the Impact of Development on indigenous peoples. . Remotely GlobalVillage Modernity in West africa. Initiation Ceremony among the bemba of Zambia http://www.helsinki.fi/hum/antropologia/ajankoht/opmons02.htm

Kulttuuri- ja sosiaaliantropologian opetus syyslukukaudella 2002 Kulttuuri- ja sosiaaliantropologian opetukseen voivat osallistua molempien aineiden opiskelijat. Seminaareihin ja kursseihin (paitsi johdantokurssiin ja uusien pääaineopiskelijoiden seminaareihin) osallistuvien on ilmoittauduttava oppiaineen ilmoitustaululta saatavalla lomakkeella viimeistään 5.9. mennessä . Lomake palautetaan kansliaan tai sen ulkopuolella olevaan postilaatikkoon. Muiden laitosten järjestämien kurssien (ks. humanistisen ja valtiotieteellisen tiedekunnan opinto-oppaat) korvaavuudesta sovitaan opettajien kanssa. Ilmoitustaulut sijaitsevat kulttuuri- ja sosiaaliantropologian tiloissa, Unioninkatu 38 E 3.krs. Toimisto: opiskelijoiden vastaanottoajat ma, ke, to klo 13-15, p. 191 23094 tstosiht Arto Sarla arto.sarla@helsinki.fi Lukukausien aikana kulttuuriantropologian opettajatuutor antaa opintoneuvontaa aineen opintojen aloittamiseen ja suunnitteluun liittyvissä kysymyksissä. Kulttuuriantropologian opiskelijoiden opiskelijatuutor on Lauha Halonen p. 773 3147/ 040-507 3212

17. About AFJN News Events Newsletter Action Alerts Grassroots movements of farmers, women, indigenous peoples, workers, fisherfolk in Sun City,South africa, without reaching headed by JeanPierre bemba - reached their http://afjn.cua.edu/Newsletter/AA JuneJuly02.cfm

18. UN Wire: An Independent News Briefing About The UN of civil society organizations and indigenous peoples in every peace talks in SunCity, South africa, and future of tension between JeanPierre bemba's MLC and http://www.unwire.org/unwire/2002/05/21/current.asp

advanced search U.N. Affairs Health Environment ... UN Wire Home May 21, 2002 HEALTH POLIO:  U.N.-Supported Campaign Launched In Haiti, Dominican Republic ANTHRAX:  World Bank Employees Sent Home In New Scare WOMEN, CHILDREN AND POPULATION CONTRACEPTION:  Most Married Women Use Birth Control, U.N. Says CHILD RIGHTS:  U.N. Committee Opens 30th Session In Geneva ENVIRONMENT CLIMATE CHANGE:  New IPCC Head Defends His Impartiality LAW OF THE SEA:  Participation High, Implementation Difficult, Annan Says RUSSIA:  Wildfires Threaten UNESCO Cultural Heritage Site In Far East Region AWARD:  Pirelli Prize Goes To FAO For Web Portal ECONOMICS, TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT WTO:  Central Asia Ministerial Meeting Opens HUMANITARIAN AID AND FOOD SECURITY WORLD FOOD PROGRAM:  Funding Shortages Threaten Afghanistan, N. Korea HUMAN RIGHTS, JUSTICE AND DEMOCRACY INDIGENOUS PEOPLES:  Forum Hears Calls For Expansion Of U.N. Activities

19. Africa97 Zande of the Sudan, the Kamba of Kenya, the Maasai of Kenya and Tanzania, the Bedouinof Libya, the bemba of Zambia 121, indigenous Culture. peoples of africa pp http://www.siue.edu/~dbrowne/anth310/anth310.html

20. Africa Today: Learning The Facts Of Life: Past And Present Experiences In A Rura tradition” reenacted by a professional bemba midwife over a uniform “tradition”of indigenous midwifery existed The peoples of Greater Unyamwezi, Tanzania http://iupjournals.org/africatoday/aft47-3.html

from Africa Today Volume 47, Numbers 3-4 Learning the Facts of Life: Past and Present Experiences in a Rural Tanzanian Community Denise Roth Allen Permission to Copy You may download, save, or print for your personal use without permission. If you wish to disseminate the electronic article, or to produce multiple copies for classroom or educational use, please request permission from: Professional Relations Department 222 Rosewood Drive Danvers MA 01923 FAX: 978-750-4470/4744 Web address: For other permissions, use our online reprint request form On the whole, initiation rites, whether into social maturity or cult membership, best exemplify transition, since they have well-marked and protracted marginal or liminal phases. —Victor Turner, Betwixt and Between: The Liminal Period in Rites des Passage When an African girl [c]omes of age, she is initiated into woman­hood. This form of education is practiced in many parts of Africa. In the process the girl dies, and the woman is born. That is the concept behind most African initiation ceremonies, known in Tanzania as Unyago —Marie Shaba and Davie Kituru

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