1. The Internet Classics Archive | The History Of The Peloponnesian War By Thucydid Features translations by Richard Crawley of the eight books by thucydides recounting the Peloponnesian Wars. The History of the Peloponnesian War. By thucydides. Written 431 B.C.E http://classics.mit.edu/Thucydides/pelopwar.html

Home Browse and Comment Search ... Help The History of the Peloponnesian War By Thucydides Written 431 B.C.E Translated by Richard Crawley The History of the Peloponnesian War has been divided into the following sections: The First Book The Second Book The Third Book The Fourth Book ... The Eighth Book Commentary: Quite a few comments have been posted about The History of the Peloponnesian War Read them or add your own Reader Recommendations: Recommend a Web site you feel is appropriate to this work, list recommended Web sites , or visit a random recommended Web site Download: A 1153k text-only version is available for download

2. Sources For Thucydides Perseus, Sources for thucydides. thucydides, The Peloponnesian War , tr.Richard Crawley. FM Cornford, thucydides Mythistoricus . Gregory http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/Thucydides/

Perseus Tufts Collections: Classics Papyri Renaissance London ... Support Perseus Sources for Thucydides Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War , tr. Richard Crawley. F. M. Cornford, ... On the Life and History of Thucydides

3. The Internet Classics Archive | Works By Thucydides Works by thucydides The History of the Peloponnesian War Written 431 BCE Translatedby Richard Crawley Read discussion 68 comments © 19942000 http://classics.mit.edu/Browse/browse-Thucydides.html

Home Search Buy Books and CD-ROMs ... Help Works by Thucydides The History of the Peloponnesian War Written 431 B.C.E Translated by Richard Crawley Read discussion : 68 comments

4. Great Books Index - Thucydides thucydides Great Books Index. GREAT BOOKS INDEX. thucydides (about 471about 400 BC) http://books.mirror.org/gb.thucydides.html

GREAT BOOKS INDEX Thucydides (about 471about 400 BC) An Index to Online Great Books in English Translation AUTHORS/HOME TITLES GB CAFE ABOUT GB INDEX ... BOOK LINKS The History of Thucydides Peloponnesian War Articles History of the Peloponnesian War (423403 BC) HTML edition in one document (Classics Archive) HTML edition in small sections (Perseus, Tufts) Translated by Richard Crawley. Greek text also available. [Back to Top of Page] Links to Information About Thucydides Biography of Thucydides (Perseus, Tufts) Includes several book references. Sources for Thucydides Research (Perseus) Includes articles and notes about Thucydides and his history, by Thomas Hobbes, F.M. Cornford, John M. Finley, and Gregory Crane. The Thucydides Syndrome: Ebola Deja Vu? (CDC-EID) Letter to the editor of "Emerging Infectious Diseases" suggesting that the Athenian plague described by Thucydides may have been an early outbreak of Ebola virus. [Back to Top of Page] Requests for Additional Material Please advise of other online editions you may discover. Have you written an online publication about Thucydides?

5. Cornford, TM, TOC Francis M. Cornford, thucydides Mythistoricus. Click to read. Table of Contents.xiii. CONTENTS. PREFACE. 5276. PART II. thucydides MYTHICUS. INTRODUCTORY. http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/Thucydides/Cornford/CTOC.html

Francis M. Cornford, Thucydides Mythistoricus Click to read. Table of Contents [[xiii]] CONTENTS PREFACE PART I: THUCYDIDES HISTORICUS I. THE CAUSES OF THE WAR Thucydides' first Book does not provide either Athens or Sparta with a sufficient motive for fighting. The current views that the war was (1) promoted by Pericles from personal motives; (2) racial; (3) political, are inadequate. Thucydides' own view that the Spartans were forced into war is true. Their reluctance explained. But Pericles also had no reason to desire war. Thucydides states only official policies; perhaps this poticy was unofficial. II. THE ATHENIAN PARTIES BEFORE THE WAR What party at Athens made the war? The country population was a negligible factor in politics before the war. The large and growing commercial population in the Piraeus, who regarded the naval supremacy of Athens as a means of controlling trade, furnished the bulk of Pericles' majority in his last years, and became strong enough to dictate his policy. III. THE MEGARIAN DECREES All non-Thucydidean accounts of the outbreak of war make the negotiations turn solely on the Megarian decrees. Thucydides records none of these three decrees and keeps Megarian affairs in the background, suppressing Pericles' connection with them. The coercion of Megara was the first step in the unofficial policy forced on Pericles by his commercial supporters; the object being to establish a trade-route from the Piraeus to the West across the Megarid from Nisaea to Pegae, and so to cut out Corinth. The earlier Peloponnesian War offers a parallel: the Egyptian Expedition analogous to the Sicilian, which was from the first part of the commercial party's plan.

6. Ancient History Sourcebook: 11th Brittanica: Thucydides thucydides, an Athenian aristocrat, was probably in his late twenties at the time the War began; he realized its http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/eb11-thucydides.html

Back to Ancient History Sourcebook Ancient History Sourcebook: 11th Brittanica: Thucydides THUCYDIDES Athenian historian. Materials for his biography are scanty, and the facts are of interest chiefly as aids to the appreciation of his life's labour, the History of the Peloponnesian War. The older view that he was probably born in or about 471 B.C., is based on a passage of Aulus Gellius, who says that in 431 Hellanicus "seems to have been" sixtyfive years of age, Herodotus fiftythree and Thucydides forty (Noct. att. xv. 23). The authority for this statement was Pamphila, a woman of Greek extraction, who compiled biographical and historical notices in the reign of Nero. The value of her testimony is, however, negligible, and modern criticism inclines to a later date, about 460 (see Busolt, Gr. Gesch. The development of Athens during the middle of the 5th century was, in itself, the best education which such a mind as that of Thucydides could have received. The expansion and consolidation of Athenian power was completed, and the inner esources of the city were being applied to the CIMON; PERICLES). Yet the History It would be a hasty judgment which inferred from the omissions of the History that its author's interests were exclusively political. Thucydides was not writing the history of a period. His subject was an event-the Peloponnesian War-a war, as he believed, of unequalled importance, alike in its direct results and in its political significance for all time. To his task, thus defined, he brought an intense concentration of all his faculties. He worked with a constant desire to make each successive incident of the war as clear literature more graphic than his description of the plague at Athens, or than the whole narrative of the Sicilian expedition. But the same temper made himresolute in excluding irrelevant topics. The social life of the time, the literature and the art did not belong to his subject.

7. Thucydides Short Bibliography on thucydides by Lowell Edmunds has moved to http//wwwrci.rutgers.edu/~edmunds/thuc. html http://classics.rutgers.edu/thuc.html

Short Bibliography on Thucydides by Lowell Edmunds has moved to http://www-rci.rutgers.edu/~edmunds/thuc.html

8. Short Bibliography On Thucydides Short Bibliography on thucydides Lowell Edmunds. Return to Rutgers ClassicsHome Page. 1972. Hude, Karl, ed. thucydides Historiae. 2 Vols. http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~edmunds/thuc.html

Short Bibliography on Thucydides Lowell Edmunds Return to Rutgers Classics Home Page This bibliography includes neither dissertations nor translations. For the most part, it lists books, not articles. The next-to-last section (Interpretation), listing books published in the last twenty years or so, does not include studies of two or more ancient historians of whom Thucydides is one. For more complete bibliographies, see the final section, Bibliographies. I would be most grateful for corrections and suggestions, which can be sent to edmunds@rci.rutgers.edu http://www.cfcsc.dnd.ca/links/milhist/pelof.html http://www.multimania.com/sdelille/indexa.shtml. Thanks to Steven J. Willett for i nformation. Feb. 1999. Thanks to Pamela Schmidt for several corrections and additions The headings are: Editions Scholia Commentaries Text ... Bibliography Editions Alberti, G. B., ed. Thucydidis Historiae. Roma: Istituto Polygraphico dello Stato. Vol. 1 (Books 1-2) 1972. Vol. 2 (Books 3-5) 1992. Vol. 3 (Books 6-8) 2000. de Romilly, Jacqueline, Raymond Weil, and Louis Bodin. 6 Vols. Vol. 1. Book 1

9. Thucydides thucydides, an Athenian aristocrat, was probably in his late twenties at the timethe War began; he realized its importance from the start and began to plan to http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/GREECE/THUCY.HTM

The growth of the Athenian Empire and the power accruing to Athens aroused the fears of Sparta and other mainland states, especially Corinth, whose trade interests seemed to be threatened by Athens's control of the sea and so many of the islands and ports of the Aegean Sea. The Greek world split into two blocks of states, Athens and her Empire on one side, Sparta and her allies on the other. Both sides expected war, and it broke out in 431 over incidents in Corcyra and Potidaea (in northern Greece). Known as the Peloponnesian War , the conflict lasted (off and on) until 404, when Athens was defeated. Thucydides , an Athenian aristocrat, was probably in his late twenties at the time the War began; he realized its importance from the start and began to plan to write its history. In 424 he was elected one of the Athenian generals, and for failing to prevent the loss of an important city to the Spartans was exiled from Athens. He spent the rest of the War collecting evidence and talking with participants in the various actions. Herodotus, writing a few decades earlier than Thucydides, recorded almost all he heard, whether he believed it himself or not. Thucydides stands at the other pole; he gathers all available evidence, decides what he thinks is the truth, then shapes his presentation to emphasize that truth. We see everything through his eyes, and his views on the forces which shape human events emerge on every page. Thucydides begins his history by explaining why he thinks that this War is the greatest in which the Greeks were ever involved, even greater than the Trojan War and the Persian Wars. He then explains the principles upon which he evaluates evidence; his basic perspective is that human nature is the basic cause of historical events (Thucydides attributes no historical event to either the gods or to fate). He declares that his

10. Thucydides: Pericles' Funeral Oration Ancient Greece At the end of the first year of war, the Athenians held, aswas their custom, an elaborate funeral for all those killed in the war. http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/GREECE/PERICLES.HTM

At the end of the first year of war, the Athenians held, as was their custom, an elaborate funeral for all those killed in the war. The funeral oration over these dead was delivered by the brilliant and charismatic politician and general, Pericles, who perished a little bit later in the horrifying plague that decimated Athens the next year. The Funeral Oration is the classic statement of Athenian ideology, containing practically in full the patriotic sentiment felt by most Athenians. What I want you to ask yourself is: according to Pericles, what precisely makes Athens great? How does this compare to other city-states? What problems do you see in Pericles' description of Athens? And we have not forgotten to provide for our weary spirits many relaxations from toil; we have regular games and sacrifices throughout the year; our homes are beautiful and elegant; and the delight which we daily feel in all these things helps to banish sorrow. Because of the greatness of our city the fruits of the whole earth flow in upon us; so that we enjoy the goods of other countries as freely as our own. I have dwelt upon the greatness of Athens because I want to show you that we are contending for a higher prize than those who enjoy none of these privileges, and to establish by manifest proof the merit of these men whom I am now commemorating. Their loftiest praise has been already spoken. For in magnifying the city I have magnified them, and men like them whose virtues made her glorious. And of how few Hellenes

11. Thucydides And The Writing Of History By Mark Rutkus *THIS IS THE FIRST PAGE Site by Mark Rutkus, analyzing changes in writing and thought in Greek culture by examining thucydides' Category Arts Classical Studies Greek thucydides......thucydides and the Writing of History. by Mark K. Rutkus. The absenceof romance from my history will, I fear, detract somewhat from http://people.english.ohio-state.edu/Ulman.1/courses/E574C/Projects/Rutkus/Thuc.

Thucydides and the Writing of History by Mark K. Rutkus "The absence of romance from my history will, I fear, detract somewhat from its interest; but if it be judged useful by those inquirers who desire an exact knowledge of the past as an aid to the interpretation of the future, which in the course of human things must resemble if it does not reflect it, I shall be content. In fine, I have written my work, not as an essay which is to win the applause of the moment, but as a possession for all time" - Thucydides The Peloponnesian War [Book I, 22]. This image comes from: University Museums University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104 and can be found at The Perseus Project The background for this site comes from Paul Wallace's Web site of background graphics. Welcome to this site. Be forewarned: As the title and quote above indicate, this site entails an analysis of the changes in writing and thought in Greek culture by examining Thucydides' history The Peloponnesian War . Furthermore this is an undergraduate project equally concerned with both style and content; that is, how the medium of writing relates to the writing itself (in this case, how the hypertext medium effects my discourse on how Thucydides' mode of historical inquiry effected what he wrote). Thus, if this meta-critical foray into the World Wide Web is of no immediate interest for you, feel free to leave at any time.

12. Thucydides' Writing Of History thucydides and History. By Writing History thucydides Created History.This image 21). thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War. is http://people.english.ohio-state.edu/Ulman.1/courses/E574C/Projects/Rutkus/Hist.

Thucydides and History By Writing History Thucydides Created History This image is courtesy of Kevin T. Glowacki and Nancy L. Klein Image © 1995 by Kevin T. Glowacki and Nancy L. Klein To view the extensive collection of images at this site go to http://www.indiana.edu/~kglowacki/Athens I hope the section on Orality and Literacy introduced how Thucydides' historie , or analytic methodology, was a result and a part of the process of the transition in Greece from an oral based cutlure to a more literate one. Havelock asserts that "[t]he true parent of history was not any one writer like Herodotus, but the alphabet itself" (23); perhaps so, but the first researchers (or what we call historians) like Herodotus and Thucydides were engaged in expanding the capabilities of literacy created by the alphabet. Their prose replaced poetry as the medium of "preserving the record" (Havelock, 21). Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War . is clearly the work of someone immersed in a new literacy. He used written research in relating and analysing the distant past (Westlake, 9). He set up the History in chronological order of events, split between the summer and winter months. Furthermore many scholars (Gomme, Westlake, and Proctor to name but a few) have convincingly posited that Thucydides initially took notes at the outset of the war and may have written the first book or two only after the Peace of Nicias in 421 B.C. (the War began in 431 B.C.). With further retrospection, Thucydides revised and reinterpreted the events he noted. His historical narrative ends in 411 B.C. yet he alludes to the end of the war in 404 B.C. (

13. Malaspina.com - Thucydides As Science Essay by Russell McNeil concerning thucydides' contribution to social science.Category Arts Classical Studies Greek thucydides......SUBJECT thucydides as Science thucydides as Science (c) Russell McNeil, MalaspinaUniversityCollege, 1996 Had thucydides been born a century later (he was http://www.mala.bc.ca/~mcneil/lec18b.htm

SUBJECT: Thucydides as Science

14. Malaspina.com - Thucydides (ca. 460-400 BC) Click here for rare books! Launch Previous Entry in New Window MalaspinaLiterature Database Launch Next Entry in New Window thucydides (ca. http://www.mala.bc.ca/~mcneil/thuc.htm

Thucydides (ca. 460-400 B.C.) [Perseus Encyclopedia] Etexts by this Author [Internet Classics Archive] Great Books Biography [Malaspina] Thucydides Searchable Texts [W. A. Williams] Thucydides Amazon Search Form] Library of Canada Online Citations [NLC] Library of Congress Online Citations [LC] Library of Congress Offline Citations [MGB] COPAC UK Online Citations [COPAC] Free Online Practice Exams [Grad Links] Canadian Book Orders! Chapters-Indigo Save on Textbooks! [Study Abroad] Used Books Search Form Alibris Dummies Books Amazon Books from Amazon Amazon EBay! Ebay Books from Amazon UK Amazon UK Books from Chapters Canada Chapters Amazon's 100 Hot Books Amazon History of the Peloponnesian War Amazon The Humanity of Thucydides Amazon Thucydides Amazon Peloponnesian War [Internet Classics Archive] Peloponnesian War [Perseus] Lectures [MGB] Essay Topics [MGB] Seminar Topics [MGB] Perseus Encyclopedia Entry on Thucydides (ca. 460-400 B.C.) Top of Page

15. Medusa.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/text?lookup=encyclopedia+Thucydides Similar pages UntitledShort Bibliography on thucydides by Lowell Edmunds has movedto http//wwwrci.rutgers.edu/~edmunds/thuc.html. http://medusa.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/text?lookup=encyclopedia Thucydides

16. Thucydides And The Ancient Simplicity Gregory Crane thucydides and the Ancient Simplicity The Limits of PoliticalRealism Publication Date August 1998. http://www.ucpress.edu/books/pages/6843.html

Entire Site Books Journals E-Editions The Press Gregory Crane Thucydides and the Ancient Simplicity The Limits of Political Realism Publication Date: August 1998 Subjects: Classics Politics Political Theory History ... Intellectual History Rights: World 330 pages, 6 x 9 inches Clothbound Available Now Description About the Author Free online edition (eScholarship) "Crane's approach is original and quite stimulating. He takes a set of old questionsThucydides' objectivity, 'realism,' and understanding of human natureand gives them a new and exciting twist."J. Peter Euben, University of California, Santa Cruz DESCRIPTION (back to top) Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War is the earliest surviving realist text in the European tradition. As an account of the Peloponnesian War, it is famous both as an analysis of power politics and as a classic of political realism. From the opening speeches, Thucydides' Athenians emerge as a new and frightening source of power, motivated by self-interest and oblivious to the rules and shared values under which the Greeks had operated for centuries. Gregory Crane demonstrates how Thucydides' history brilliantly analyzes both the power and the dramatic weaknesses of realist thought. The tragedy of Thucydides' history emerges from the ultimate failure of the Athenian project. The new morality of the imperialists proved as conflicted as the old; history shows that their values were unstable and self-destructive. Thucydides' history ends with the recounting of an intellectual stalemate that, a century later, motivated Plato's greatest work.

17. Letters The thucydides Syndrome Ebola Déjà Vu? (or Ebola Reemergent?). During the plagueof Athens, thucydides may have made the same unusual clinical observation. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol2no2/olson.htm

Emerging Infectious Diseases * Volume 2 * Number 2 April-June 1996 Letters The Thucydides Syndrome: Ebola Déjà Vu? (or Ebola Reemergent?) Download Article To the Editor The plague of Athens (430-427/425 B.C.) persists as one of the great medical mysteries of antiquity , the plague of Athens has been the subject of conjecture for centuries. In an unprecedented, devastating 3-year appearance, the disease marked the end of the Age of Pericles in Athens and, as much as the war with Sparta, it may have hastened the end of the Golden Age of Greece By comparison, a modern case definition of Ebola virus infection notes sudden onset, fever, headache, and pharyngitis, followed by cough, vomiting, diarrhea, maculopapular rash, and hemorrhagic diathesis, with a case-fatality rate of 50% to 90%, death typically occurring in the second week of the disease. Disease among health-care providers and care givers has been a prominent feature . In a review of the 1995 Ebola outbreak in Zaire, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that the most frequent initial symptoms were fever (94%), diarrhea (80%), and severe weakness (74%), with dysphagia and clinical signs of bleeding also frequently present. Symptomatic hiccups was also reported in 15% of patients During the plague of Athens, Thucydides may have made the same unusual clinical observation. The phrase

18. Concordances Of Thucydides - Histories Concordances thucydides - Histories. Send this site to a friend!(click here) thucydides - Histories translated by Richard Crawley. http://www.concordance.com/thucydides.htm

19. Thucydides, Univ. Of Saskatchewan To Home Page To Course Notes Menu. thucydides by John Porter, Universityof Saskatchewan. TO TOP OF THIS PAGE. thucydides and the medical writers. http://duke.usask.ca/~porterj/CourseNotes/ThucNotes.html

20. Thucydides (Selections), U. Of Sask. To Home Page To Translations Menu. Selections from thucydides, The PeloponnesianWar Lewis Stiles, translator. Notice This translation http://duke.usask.ca/~porterj/DeptTransls/ThucStiles.html

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