1. Heraclitus Lecture in antiquity as the obscure. And even today, it is very difficult to be certain what heraclitus was talking about. http://faculty.washington.edu/smcohen/320/heracli.htm

Heraclitus Introduction Presocratics , p. 57): Heraclitus attracts exegetes as an empty jampot wasps; and each new wasp discerns traces of his own favourite flavour. The reason for this: his dark and aphoristic style. He loved to appear to contradict himself. Even some of his doctrines sound incoherent and self-contradictory. One thing seems certain: Heraclitus had an extremely negative reaction to Milesian thought. For the Milesians, what is real is fixed and permanent; change somehow had to be explained away. They understood changes as alterations of some basic, underlying, material stuff which is, in its own nature, unchanging. Heraclitus reversed this: change is what is real. Permanence is only apparent. Heraclitus had a very strong influence on Plato. Plato interpreted Heraclitus to have believed that the material world undergoes constant change. He also thought Heraclitus was approximately correct in so describing the material world. Plato believed that such a world would be unknowable, and was thus driven to the conclusion that the material world was, in some sense, unreal, and that the real, knowable, world was immaterial. The unity of opposites A number of fragments suggest that Heraclitus thought that opposites are really one Main fragments: RAGP numbers See also: What does this mean? Does Heraclitus think that hot = cold, that mortality = immortality, etc.? Does he think, in general, that each property

2. Heraclitus [Internet Encyclopedia Of Philosophy] 5th century BCE. Presocratic Greek philosopher.Category Society Philosophy Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy......heraclitus. heraclitus is the first Western philosopher to go beyond physicaltheory in search of metaphysical foundations and moral applications. http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/h/heraclit.htm

Heraclitus A Greek philosopher of the late 6th century BCE, Heraclitus criticizes his predecessors and contemporaries for their failure to see the unity in experience. He claims to announce an everlasting Word (Logos) according to which all things are one, in some sense. Opposites are necessary for life, but they are unified in a system of balanced exchanges. The world itself consists of a law-like interchange of elements, symbolized by fire. Thus the world is not to be identified with any particular substance, but rather with an ongoing process governed by a law of change. The underlying law of nature also manifests itself as a moral law for human beings. Heraclitus is the first Western philosopher to go beyond physical theory in search of metaphysical foundations and moral applications. Table of Contents (Clicking on the links below will take you to that part of this article) Life and Times Theory of Knowledge The Doctrine of Flux and the Unity of Opposites Criticism of Ionian Philosophy ... Suggestions for Further Reading Life and Times Heraclitus lived in Ephesus, an important city on the Ionian coast of Asia Minor, not far from Miletus, the birthplace of philosophy. We know nothing about his life other than what can be gleaned from his own statements, for all ancient biographies of him consist of nothing more than inferences or imaginary constructions based on his sayings. Although Plato thought he wrote after

3. Heraclitus: Greek Materialist. Keywords: Pantheism, Materialism, Mysticism, Scie PreSocratic Greek philosopher who scorned civil society and popular thought. Overview of his ideas and selected fragments of his teachings. Member of GSAnet Banner Swap. heraclitus - the fire priest http://members.aol.com/Heraklit1/heraklit.htm

Member of GSAnet Banner Swap Heraclitus - the fire priest A history of pantheism and scientific pantheism by Paul Harrison. Are you a Pantheist? Find out now at Scientific Pantheism. This cosmos was not made by gods or men, but always was, and is, and ever shall be ever-living fire. Central zone of Julia set. Heraclitus flourished in the Greek city of Ephesus, on the Ionian coast of what is now Turkey, at the end of the sixth century BC when the area was under Persian rule. Little is reported of his life. His own writings make it plain that he had nothing but scorn for the popular mass, for political leaders, and for most previous writers on philosophy and religion including Homer, Hesiod, Pythagoras and Xenophanes. Heraclitus was once asked to write a constitution for Ephesus, but refused. He used to play at knuckle bones with children by the temple of Artemis. When adults came to gape, he replied "Why should you be astonished, you rascals? Isn't it better to do this than to take part in your civil life?" Another story relates that the Persian King Darius once invited him to his court to explain his ideas. Heraclitus declined. Some of the tales reported of Heraclitus seem far fetched. It's said that he eventually withdrew into the mountains to live off grass and herbs. When this diet gave him dropsy, he shut himself in a cowshed and covered himself with dung, hoping the heat would dry him out. This tale makes no medical or physical sense, even in ancient terms. It may be no more than a slanderous invention.

4. Heraclitus Of Ephesos Biographical information, a picture, and fragments drawn from multiple translations.Category Society Philosophy Philosophers heraclitus......heraclitus His Life and Philosophy heraclitus, son of Vloson, was bornabout 535 BCE in Ephesos, the second great Greek Ionian city. http://www.forthnet.gr/presocratics/heracln.htm

Heraclitus [His Life and Philosophy] Heraclitus, son of Vloson, was born about 535 BCE in Ephesos, the second great Greek Ionian city. He was a man of strong and independent philosophical spirit. Unlike the Milesian philosophers whose subject was the material beginning of the world, Heraclitus focused instead on the internal rhythm of nature which moves and regulates things, namely, the Logos (Rule). Heraclitus is the philosopher of the eternal change. He expresses the notion of eternal change in terms of the continuous flow of the river which always renews itself. Heraclitus accepted only one material source of natural substances, the Pyr (Fire). This Pyr is the essence of Logos which creates an infinite and uncorrupted world, without beginning. It converts this world into various shapes as a harmony of the opposites. The composition of opposites sustains everything in nature. "Good" and "bad" are simply opposite sides of the same thing.« To God all things are beautiful and good and just, but men have supposed some things to be unjust, others just [His Death] Diogenis Laertius (CE. c 200) in his 8

5. Heraclitus Lecture Notes Dr. Cynthia Freeland offers details on the preSocratic's punning style, fragments, position on flux, and role as a natural philosopher. 1. heraclitus' Style. heraclitus is notorious for his "obscure" and distinctive style. http://www.uh.edu/~cfreelan/courses/heraclnotes.html

Ancient Greek Philosophy Dr. Cynthia Freeland Key Topics in Heraclitus 1. Heraclitus' Style Heraclitus is notorious for his "obscure" and distinctive style. Many readers seem to love it or hate it. Heraclitus' stylistic devices include metaphor, simile, aphorism, pun, word play, allusion, riddles, rhythm, and sound. Examples of puns and word plays: Fr. 65, p. 30 plays upon the word bios (life), accent on the first syllable, and bios (bow), accent on the second syllable. Fr. 48, p. 31 plays upon the phrases "xun noi" (with nous or intelligence) and "xunoi" (in common). Fr. 23, -. 27 plays upon the term "haptetai" which can mean "touch" or "kindle" as in "kindling a light". Some readers, like Jonathan Barnes, seem to suggest that Heraclitus' seemingly oracular sayings simply paper over his out-and-out contradictions. In short, Heraclitus is "fundamentally inconsistent". For an interesting discussion of whether Barnes' charge can be answered, see Timm Triplett, "Barnes on Heraclitus and the Unity of Opposites," Ancient Philosophy 6 , pp. 15-23.

6. Heidegger's Reading Of Heraclitus A paper on Martin Heidegger's interpretation of PreSocratic thinker heraclitus. http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Delphi/9994/heidher.html

Introduction In a career stretching over half a century Martin Heidegger attempts to question the limitations of the Western philosophical tradition and open a space for thinking outside of it. At the beginning of this tradition he places the pre-Socratics, in particular Anaximander, Parmenides, and Heraclitus. In the fragments of these thinkers he finds both the foreshadowing of the tradition's development and a source for thought which would avoid the confines of this later developmentassociated with nihilism and the technological domination of the earthby experiencing anew its initial unfolding. In this paper I explore Heidegger's relationship to Heraclitus in several texts by examining Heidegger's interpretation of particular fragments and placing them in the context of his philosophy. In the course of this exploration I show the influence which Heidegger attributes to the early Greek thinkers in determining our experience of Being right up into the modern, technological age. This modern determination of Being shows itself in the dominance of a logical approach to beings which seeks to make correct predictions about them. Heidegger traces the emphasis on logic and correctness to the Greek terms lovgo§ and ajlhvqeia, but argues that both termsthe first taken as gathering, the second as unconcealmentoriginally comprehended the relatedness of beings to one another and to what remains concealed. In the fragments of Heraclitus Heidegger not only finds support for these interpretations, but also stimulation for thinking outside the prejudices of the West, and my analysis covers these issues as well.

7. John Burnet: Early Greek Philosophy -- Heraclitus Of Ephesus John Burnet describes this Greek philosopher's life and beliefs. Includes the text of the Bywater translation of heraclitus' fragments. 63. Life of heraclitus. heraclitus of Ephesus, son of Bloson, is said to have "flourished" in 01. http://plato.evansville.edu/public/burnet/ch3.htm

Introduction The Life of Plato The Crito The Phaedo ... Credits and E XPLORING P LATO'S D IALOGUES A Virtual Learning Environment on the World-Wide Web Early Greek Philosophy Heraclitus of Ephesus John Burnet Life of Heraclitus His Book 63. Life of Heraclitus Heraclitus of Ephesus , son of Bloson, is said to have "flourished" in 01. LXIX. (504/3-501/0 B.C.); that is to say, just in the middle of the reign of Darius , with whom several traditions connected him. It is more important, however, for our purpose to notice that, while Heraclitus refers to Pythagoras and Xenophanes by name and in the past tense (fr. 16), he is in turn alluded to by Parmenides (fr. 6). These references mark his place in the history of philosophy. Zeller held, indeed, that he could not have published his work till after 478 B.C., on the ground that the expulsion of Hermodorus , alluded to in fr. 114, could not have taken place before the downfall of Persian rule. If that were so, it might be hard to see how Parmenides could have known the views of Heraclitus at the time he wrote his poem; but there is no difficulty in supposing that the Ephesians may have sent one of their citizens into banishment when they were still paying tribute to the Great King. The spurious

8. Heraclitus Forum Frigate Forum and live chat devoted to the life and philosophical contributions of heraclitus. http://killdevilhill.com/z/yphilo1d/Heraclitushall/shakespeare1.html

Heraclitus Forum Frigate Post Message The Jolly Roger One Page Version Free Discussion Forum ... Home Business Heraclitus Forum Frigate PHILOSOPHY FLEET Carolinanavy.com Quarterdeck Classicals.com ... hatteraslight.com Welcome to the Heraclitus Forum Frigate. Post yer opinion, a link to some of yer work, or yer thoughts regarding the best books and criticisms concerning Heraclitus . We'd also like to invite ye to sail on by the Heraclitus Live Chat , and feel free to use the message board below to schedule a chat session. And the brave of heart shall certainly wish to sign their souls aboard The Jolly Roger If ye long for truth and the honest sea, the Carolina Navy longs for ye. Philosophy Philosopher Aristotle Post Message The Jolly Roger One Page Version Heraclitus meant that we could live forever Garth loved it Tara Make MONEY and make it FAST!!!! LEe Reading this could change your life! john Great lookin' Kiki What does "OKOION" mean? Tom Re: What does "OKOION" mean? anon The Fluffy Bunny Machine Fluffy Bunny Heraclitus via Velikovsky William kennedy fire imogen Re: fire Pancosmian "the light of integrity"

9. John Burnet: Early Greek Philosophy -- Heraclitus Of Ephesus: Fragments Fragments followed by extensive discussion, from this renowned scholar.Category Society Philosophy Philosophers heraclitus......EXPLORING PLATO'S DIALOGUES A Virtual Learning Environment on the WorldWideWeb Early Greek Philosophy heraclitus of Ephesus Fragments. John Burnet. http://plato.evansville.edu/public/burnet/ch3a.htm

Introduction The Life of Plato The Crito The Phaedo ... Credits and E XPLORING P LATO'S D IALOGUES A Virtual Learning Environment on the World-Wide Web Early Greek Philosophy Heraclitus of Ephesus: Fragments John Burnet 65. The Fragments I give a version of the fragments according to the arrangement of Bywater's exemplary edition: (1) It is wise to hearken, not to me, but to my Word, and to confess that all things are one. R. P. 40. (2) Though this Word is true evermore, yet men are as unable to understand it when they hear it for the first time as before they have heard it at all. For, though all things come to pass in accordance with this Word, men seem as if they had no experience of them, when they make trial of words and deeds such as I set forth, dividing each thing according to its kind and showing how it truly is. But other men know not what they are doing when awake, even as they forget what they do in sleep. R. P. 32. (3) Fools when they do hear are like the deaf: of them does the saying bear witness that they are absent when present. R. P. 31 a. (4) Eyes and ears are bad witnesses to men if they have souls that understand not their language. R. P. 42.

10. Heraclitus heraclitus in Greek and Burnet's English translation. http://www.philoctetes.com/heraclitus.htm

Fragment 1 : Though this Word is true evermore, yet men are as unable to understand it when they hear it for the first time as before they have heard it at all. For, though, all things come to pass in accordance with this Word, men seem as if they had no experience of them, when they make trial of words and deeds such as I set forth, dividing each thing according to its nature and showing how it truly is. But other men know not what they are doing when awake, even as they forget what they do in sleep. Fragment 2 : So we must follow the common, yet the many live as if they had a wisdom of their own. Though wisdom is common, yet the many live as if they had a wisdom of their own. Fragment 3 : [Doxogr. 351, περὶ Î¼ÎµÎ³á½³Î¸Î¿Ï Ï‚ á¼¡Î»á½·Î¿Ï ] εὖρος ποδὸς á¼€Î½Î¸ÏÏ‰Ï€Îµá½·Î¿Ï . Fragment 4 : Albert le Grand, De uegetabilibus, VI, 401 (p. 545 Meyer) Si felicitas esset in delectationibus corporis, boves felices diceremus, cum inveniant orobum ad comedendum. Oxen are happy when they find bitter vetches to eat. Fragment 4a : Anatolius [cod. Mon.gr.384, f, 58]

11. Greek Philosophy: Heraclitus heraclitus, like Parmenides, postulated a model of nature and the universe which created the foundation for all other speculation on physics and metaphysics. ancient Greece until Socrates and Plato; in fact, heraclitus's philosophy is perhaps even more fundamental in the http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/GREECE/HERAC.HTM

Logos In reading these passages, you should be able to piece together the central components of Heraclitus's thought. What, precisely, is the Logos? Can it be comprehended or defined by human beings? What does it mean to claim that the Logos consists of all the paired opposites in the universe? What is the nature of the Logos as the composite of all paired opposites? How does the Logos explain change? Finally, how would you compare Heraclitus's Logos to its later incarnations: in the Divided Line in Plato, in foundational and early Christianity? How would you relate Heraclitus's cryptic statements to those of Lao Tzu Translations of Heraclitus are by Richard Hooker ©1995. LOGOS AND THE UNITY OF OPPOSITES FRAGMENT 1 (quoted in Sextus Empiricus, Against the Mathematicians Men have no comprehension of the Logos, as I've described it, just as much after they hear about it as they did before they heard about it. Even though all things occur according to the Logos, men seem to have no experience whatsoever, even when they experience the words and deeds which I use to explain physis, of how the Logos applies to each thing, and what it is. The rest of mankind are just as unconscious of what they do while awake as they are of what they do while they sleep. FRAGMENT 50 (quoted in Hippolytus

12. Heraclitus On The Logos By Ziniewicz The Window Philsophy on the WWW. Philosophers Section No Greek philosopher born before Socrates was more creative and influential than heraclitus of Ephesus. http://www.fred.net/tzaka/logos.html

GREEK PHIL Heraclitus on the Logos by Gordon L. Ziniewicz 1. Heraclitus says, "One must follow what is common; but, even though the Logos is common, most people live as though they possessed their own private wisdom." (Fr.2) The common is what is open to all, what can be seen and heard by all. To see is to let in with open eyes what is open to view, i.e. what is lit up and revealed to all. The dead (the completely private ones) neither see nor hear; they are closed. No light (fire) shines in them; no speech sounds in them. And yet, even they participate in the kosmos . The extinguished ones also belong to the continuum of lighting and extinguishing that is the common kosmos . The dead touch upon the living sleeping, who in turn touch upon the living waking. (Fr. 26) 2. "Those who are awake live in the same world, while those who are asleep withdraw to their own private worlds." (Fr. 89) Yet the waking and the sleeping are connected; they all belong to the same process that stretches between divine intelligence (completely wide-awake) and death (completely closed off). The wide-awake are most open to what is common; the dead are absolutely private; the foolish (waking, yet sleeping) are somewhere in between. The sleeper who closes his eyes is close to the dead. The eyes are privileged for Heraclitus (Fr. 101). Daylight is the common that reveals the

13. Philosophers : Heraclitus A brief consideration of Heraclitean doctrine in relation to other classical thinkers.Category Society Philosophy Philosophers heraclitus......heraclitus of Ephesus. Greek Philosopher. 540–480. No Greek philosopher born beforeSocrates was more creative and influential than heraclitus of Ephesus. http://www.trincoll.edu/depts/phil/philo/phils/heraclitus.html

Heraclitus of Ephesus Greek Philosopher No Greek philosopher born before Socrates was more creative and influential than Heraclitus of Ephesus. Around the beginning of the fifth century BC, in a prose that made him proverbial for obscurity, he criticized conventional opinions about the way things are and attacked the authority of poets and others reputed to be wise. His surviving work consists of more than 100 epigrammatic sentences, complete in themselves and often comparable to the proverbs characteristic of 'wisdom' literature. Notwithstanding their sporadic presentation and transmission, Heraclitus' sentences comprise a philosophy that is clearly focused upon a determinate set of interlocking ideas. Although Heraclitus presents himself as uniquely enlightened, he was clearly familiar with the leading thinkers of his time. He draws attention to the relativity of judgments and the difference between humans and animals in ways that recall Xenophanes' critique of religious beliefs. He almost certainly knew and rejected Pythagoras' doctrine of the transmigration of souls (see Pythagoras). His cosmology is both indebted to and a criticism of Milesian science: the criticism appears particularly in his denial of the world's beginning, but his focus on the law-like processes of nature has clear affinities with Anaximander's celebrated doctrine of cosmic justice. Index Interactive Search Links ... Feedback

14. Greek Philosophy: Heraclitus Greek Philosophy heraclitus, along with Parmenides, is probably the most significantphilosopher of ancient Greece until Socrates and Plato; in fact http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/GREECE/HERAC.HTM

Logos In reading these passages, you should be able to piece together the central components of Heraclitus's thought. What, precisely, is the Logos? Can it be comprehended or defined by human beings? What does it mean to claim that the Logos consists of all the paired opposites in the universe? What is the nature of the Logos as the composite of all paired opposites? How does the Logos explain change? Finally, how would you compare Heraclitus's Logos to its later incarnations: in the Divided Line in Plato, in foundational and early Christianity? How would you relate Heraclitus's cryptic statements to those of Lao Tzu Translations of Heraclitus are by Richard Hooker ©1995. LOGOS AND THE UNITY OF OPPOSITES FRAGMENT 1 (quoted in Sextus Empiricus, Against the Mathematicians Men have no comprehension of the Logos, as I've described it, just as much after they hear about it as they did before they heard about it. Even though all things occur according to the Logos, men seem to have no experience whatsoever, even when they experience the words and deeds which I use to explain physis, of how the Logos applies to each thing, and what it is. The rest of mankind are just as unconscious of what they do while awake as they are of what they do while they sleep. FRAGMENT 50 (quoted in Hippolytus

15. Greek Philosophy And Heraclitus heraclitus The Complete Fragments of the PreSocratic Philosopher,with English trans. and Commentary. heraclitus. First http://community.middlebury.edu/~harris/Philosophy/Heracleitus.html

HERACLITUS First, let me proceed with background material on this amazing thinker, then a translation of all the fragments, and finally the text along with a new, exploratory commentary. Heraclitus was born at Ephesus of aristocratic parentage around 540 B.C. and lived until 475 B.C. We know almost nothing finite about his life, except that he was early known as difficult of comprehension, hence the nickname "The Dark One" or in Greek skoteinos. There is no absolute evidence for a Book of his philosophical ideas, and the hundred or so "Fragments", which are quoted from later sources, seem to derive from his personal Sayings or Counsels, much in the manner of Pythagoras' Symbola. Strangely many of the cited fragments come from Christian sources, bent on disproving or ridiculing Heraclitus' words, a bad effort which has the good effect of giving us a few more of Heraclitus' precious insights. In another paper on Pythagoras, I have discussed the Sayings or Counsels which have had almost no recognition in the world of Western scholarship. I aimed to get a better sense of their import by positing a monastic order in Croton perhaps similar in function to the Zen monasteries of the period after the 12 th c. A.D., feeling that the Japanese data may shed some indirect light on the 6 th c. B.C. Pythagorean school. But in dealing with Heraclitus the situation is entirely different. He had a strong and long-lasting effect on Greek philosophy in the ancient period, and has been commented and discussed fervently in modern times, almost to the point of obscuring the text we are starting with.

16. The 4th Tetralogy: The Fragments Of Burnet's translation of the fragments. http://plato.evansville.edu/texts/heraclit.htm

Heraclitus The Fragments of Heraclitus From John Burnet, Early Greek Philosophy. 2nd Ed. London: Adam and Charles Black, 1908, 146-156. (1) It is wise to hearken, not to me, but to my Word [Logos], and to confess that all things are one. (2) Though this Word is true evermore, yet men are as unable to understand it when they hear it for the first time as before they have heard it at all. For, though all things come to pass in accordance with this Word, men seem as if they had no experience of them, when they make trial of words and deeds such as I set forth, dividing each thing according to its nature and showing how it truly is. But other men know not what they are doing when awake, even as they forget what they do in sleep. (3) Fools when they do hear are like the deaf: of them does the saying bear witness that they are absent when present. (4) Eyes and ears are bad witnesses to men if they have souls that understand not their language. (5) The many do not take heed of such things as they meet with, nor do they mark them when they are taught, though they think they do. (6) Knowing not how to listen nor how to speak.

17. Exploring Plato's Dialogues: Heraclitus Of Ephesus Discover why the loner was nicknamed "the Riddler" and "the Obscure " and read about his doctrines of the identity of opposites and radical flux. Anthony F. Beavers. heraclitus of Ephesus (fl. 500480 BC), also known as "the Riddler" and "the Obscure " was the http://plato.evansville.edu/commentary/beavers/heraclitus.htm

Introduction The Life of Plato The Crito The Phaedo ... Credits and E XPLORING P LATO'S D IALOGUES A Virtual Learning Environment on the World-Wide Web Heraclitus of Ephesus Anthony F. Beavers Heraclitus of Ephesus (fl. 500-480 BC), also known as "the Riddler" and "the Obscure," was the eldest son of a leading aristocratic family. He was a loner with a general distaste for mobs. Consequently, he had no pupils, though a small book that he wrote had a rich tradition of its own and attracted many followers; the Stoics recognized it as the source of their doctrines. All that survives of this book is a series of quotations that scholars have been able to extract from other sources see the Fragments of Heraclitus and that reveal an enigmatic and oracular style, perhaps adopted by Heraclitus to protect its true contents from commoners. Owing to its obscurity, the book engendered many anecdotes about its author, most of them intending to malign him, and so it is difficult to know much about his life and character that is reliable. It is equally difficult to discern the details of his true thought. Aristotle tells us about three of Heraclitus ' ideas; the first is that, like earlier Milesian philosophers, he located the first principle of all things in a natural element, in this case, fire. (See

18. Heraclitus, Parmenides, Homère, Platon, Eschyle Homère, Platon, Virgile, Eschyle, Héraclite. Textes en ligne, versions bilingues.Category World Français Périodes et mouvements Antiquité...... http://www.philoctetes.com/

ACCUEIL ET NOUVEAUT‰S Recherche sur Philoctetes : HOMˆRE : Iliade HOMˆRE : Odyss©e THALˆS : (Grec, Anglais, Fran§ais) ... (Grec, Anglais, Fran§ais) Nouveau ESCHYLE : Perses (interlin©aire) PLATON : Criton PLATON : Ph¨dre ... Courrier PHILOCTETES English Version Mise   jour : le 03/06/2002 Notre site met progressivement en ligne des textes qui fondent notre culture. Il s'agit d'oeuvres qui sont   l'origine de la science, de la politique et de la litt©rature. Nous publions les textes originaux en grec et en latin avec leurs traductions fran§aises, anglaises et allemandes. 1 000 000 visites depuis janvier 1999. (moyenne de 35 000 visites par mois) Auteurs mis en ligne (d'apr¨s l'ordre chronologique) : 1) Hom¨re (IX ou VIII si¨cle avant J©sus-Christ) Il est cenc© avoir ©crit deux ©pop©es aristocratiques : L'Iliade raconte la fin de la guerre de Troie. L'Odyss©e narre les vicissitudes du retour d'Ulysse (Odusseus en grec) apr¨s la chute de Troie.

19. Heraclitus' Cosmos Ancient Greek Philosophy. Dr. Cynthia Freeland. The world accordingto heraclitus This universe, which is the same for all, has http://www.uh.edu/~cfreelan/courses/heraclitus.html

Ancient Greek Philosophy Dr. Cynthia Freeland The world according to Heraclitus: "This universe, which is the same for all, has not been made by any god or man, but it always has been, is, and will be, an ever-living fire, kindling itself by regular measures and going out by regular measures." Ancient Philosophy Main Page

20. What Heraclitus Meant By Ziniewicz heraclitus on the Logos or what nature tells us about itself, if we pay attentionand What Humans Can Learn from Nature. by Gordon L. Ziniewicz. http://www.fred.net/tzaka/heracsum.html

SCRAPS Heraclitus on the Logos [or what nature tells us about itself, if we pay attention] and What Humans Can Learn from Nature by Gordon L. Ziniewicz 1. The universe was not created by God or gods, but is eternal 2. Nature is a cycle of lighting up (firing up) and going out. 3. Time is a circle of creation and destruction of existing things; time is an innocent child at play. Destruction is not bad, but an essential part of the whole process. 4. Nature is a unity of diverse and opposing forces, a harmony of opposites. 5. Things constantly change in accordance with unchanging principle or law (the logos or rational order of things). 6. What makes things happen is fire. 7. Things revert to their opposites (day/night, winter/summer). 8. Harmony is the result of the appropriate tension of opposing forces. 9. Strife (within limits) is a good thing. Conflict is necessary for life. Examples: (1) Musical harmony requires competing tones. (2) Continuance of life requires opposite sexes. (3) Experience of pleasure requires experience of pain, such as in health and sickness, satiety and hunger, rest and weariness. (4) Right (just) would make no sense without wrong (unjust). 10. From the divine standpoint (nature), there is no good or bad, just or unjust.

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