21. Stephen1 Full text of this lengthy 1900 study of bentham, all on one page. http://socserv2.socsci.mcmaster.ca:80/~econ/ugcm/3ll3/bentham/stephen1.html

The English Utilitarians by Leslie Stephen Volume One Jeremy Bentham PREFACE This book is a sequel to my History of English Thought in the Eighteenth Century. The title which I then ventured to use was more comprehensive than the work itself deserved. I felt my inability to write a continuation which should at all correspond to a similar title for the nineteenth century. I thought, however, that by writing an account of the compact and energetic school of English Utilitarians I could thrown some light both upon them and their contemporaries. I had the advantage for this purpose of having been myself a disciple of the school during its last period. Many accidents have delayed my completion of the task; and delayed also its publication after it was written. Two books have been published since that time, which partly cover the same ground; and I must be content with referring my readers to them for further information. They are The English Radicals, by Mr C.B. Roylance Kent; and English Political Philosophy from Hobbes to Maine, by Professor Graham. INTRODUCTORY NOTES: 1. Table Talk, 3 July 1830.

22. Bentham, J Delve into the texts of jeremy bentham, featuring "Defence of Usury " "Principles of Morals and Legislation " and "Offences Against One's Self." Secondary Literature M. P. Mack, `bentham, jeremy', International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences , D. L. Sills (ed.) http://www.cpm.ll.ehime-u.ac.jp/AkamacHomePage/Akamac_E-text_Links/Bentham.html

Photo by Duke University Bentham, J Birthplace London, England. Post Held Private income. Degrees BA, MA Univ. Oxford, 1763, 1766. Offices Called to the bar, 1817. Publications Books: A Fragment on Government An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation Rationale of Judicial Evidence , 5 vols, ed. J. S. Mill The Works of Jeremy Bentham , 11 vols., ed. J. Bowring (1838-43, 1962); 5. Jeremy Bentham's Economic Writings , 3 vols., ed. W. Stark (1952); 6. The Collected Works of Jeremy Bentham , 36 vols., ed. J. Burns (1968-in progress). Career Bentham is remembered both as a pioneer of social science and as a tireless advocate of administarative, legal and praliamentary reform. He found in the principle of utility, and in particular in his notorious `felicific calculus', an exact standard by which questions of reform could be settled. The reforms he pressed for were directed towards his four ends of good government: subsistence, abundance, security and equality. He interpreted the economics of Adam Smith in the light of the search for abundance and advocated a state which provided guaranteed employment, minimum wages and a variety of social benefits. Much of his influence on ideas and legistation was through a small but enthusiastic circle of pupils and disciples, amongst whom were many economists, including Ricardo , and James and John Stuart Mill . Only a small portion of his vast literary output was publisched in his own lifetime, and a complete edition of his works projected in 36 volumes is still in preparation. Even his strictly economic writings, a small part of the whole, contain many remarkable contributions that have only come to be properly apprecitated in recent times.

23. Bentham, J Biography of bentham with links to his writings at Ehime University, Japan.Category Society Philosophy Philosophers bentham, jeremy...... Secondary Literature MP Mack, `bentham, jeremy', International Encyclopedia ofthe Social Sciences , DL Sills (ed.) (Macmillan and Free Press, 1968), vol. http://www.cpm.ehime-u.ac.jp/AkamacHomePage/Akamac_E-text_Links/Bentham.html

Photo by Duke University Bentham, J Birthplace London, England. Post Held Private income. Degrees BA, MA Univ. Oxford, 1763, 1766. Offices Called to the bar, 1817. Publications Books: A Fragment on Government An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation Rationale of Judicial Evidence , 5 vols, ed. J. S. Mill The Works of Jeremy Bentham , 11 vols., ed. J. Bowring (1838-43, 1962); 5. Jeremy Bentham's Economic Writings , 3 vols., ed. W. Stark (1952); 6. The Collected Works of Jeremy Bentham , 36 vols., ed. J. Burns (1968-in progress). Career Bentham is remembered both as a pioneer of social science and as a tireless advocate of administarative, legal and praliamentary reform. He found in the principle of utility, and in particular in his notorious `felicific calculus', an exact standard by which questions of reform could be settled. The reforms he pressed for were directed towards his four ends of good government: subsistence, abundance, security and equality. He interpreted the economics of Adam Smith in the light of the search for abundance and advocated a state which provided guaranteed employment, minimum wages and a variety of social benefits. Much of his influence on ideas and legistation was through a small but enthusiastic circle of pupils and disciples, amongst whom were many economists, including Ricardo , and James and John Stuart Mill . Only a small portion of his vast literary output was publisched in his own lifetime, and a complete edition of his works projected in 36 volumes is still in preparation. Even his strictly economic writings, a small part of the whole, contain many remarkable contributions that have only come to be properly apprecitated in recent times.

24. New York Times An Animal's Place Michael Pollan. Attitudes towards animals in America, from jeremy bentham to Peter Singer's 1975 Animal Liberation to Joel Salatin's Polyface Farm. Animal Rights and Animal Welfare. http://www.nytimes.com/2002/11/10/magazine/10ANIMAL.html

November 10, 2002 International National Washington The 2002 Elections ... REGISTER NOW. It's Free! Today's News Past Week Past 30 Days Past 90 Days Past Year Since 1996 An Animal's Place By MICHAEL POLLAN he first time I opened Peter Singer's ''Animal Liberation,'' I was dining alone at the Palm, trying to enjoy a rib-eye steak cooked medium-rare. If this sounds like a good recipe for cognitive dissonance (if not indigestion), that was sort of the idea. Preposterous as it might seem, to supporters of animal rights, what I was doing was tantamount to reading ''Uncle Tom's Cabin'' on a plantation in the Deep South in 1852. Advertisement Singer and the swelling ranks of his followers ask us to imagine a future in which people will look back on my meal, and this steakhouse, as relics of an equally backward age. Eating animals, wearing animals, experimenting on animals, killing animals for sport: all these practices, so resolutely normal to us, will be seen as the barbarities they are, and we will come to view ''speciesism'' a neologism I had encountered before only in jokes as a form of discrimination as indefensible as racism or anti-Semitism. Even in 1975, when ''Animal Liberation'' was first published, Singer, an Australian philosopher now teaching at Princeton, was confident that he had the wind of history at his back. The recent civil rights past was prologue, as one liberation movement followed on the heels of another. Slowly but surely, the white man's circle of moral consideration was expanded to admit first blacks, then women, then homosexuals. In each case, a group once thought to be so different from the prevailing ''we'' as to be undeserving of civil rights was, after a struggle, admitted to the club. Now it was animals' turn.

25. Jeremy's Labyrinth A hypertext made up out of portions of the work of jeremy bentham, the philosopher, legal theorist and reformer, and political radical jeremy bentham (born 15 February, 1748), together with lecture notes on bentham. http://www.la.utexas.edu/research/poltheory/bentham/index.html

Jeremy's Labyrinth: A Bentham Hypertext These web pages were begun in honor of the 250th anniversary of the birth of the philosopher, legal theorist and reformer, and political radical Jeremy Bentham (born 15 February, 1748). We present here an hyper-text made up out of portions of Bentham's work, together with lectures, commentary, notes, essays, on Bentham. At present, what is here is the Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation The Rationale of Reward The Rationale of Punishment , and other texts, and some lectures about Bentham-that are linked into the IPML-by Stephen Darwall. The title of this section of the Classical Utilitarianism Web Site comes from this passage by Bentham in a manuscript in the University College, London, collection: I saw crimes of the most pernicious nature passing unheeded by the law: acts of no importance put in point of punishment upon a level with the most baneful crimes: punishments inflicted without measure and without choice: satisfaction denied for the most crying injuries: the doors of justice barred against a great majority of the people by the pressure of wanton impositions and unnecessary expense: false conclusions ensured in questions of fact by hasty and inconsistent rules of evidence: the business of hours spun out into years: impunity extended to acknowledged guilt and compensation snatched out of the hands of injured innocence: the measure of decision in many cases unformed: in others locked up and made the object of a monopoly: the various rights and duties of the various classes of mankind jumbled together into one immense and unsorted heap: men ruined for not knowing what they are neither enabled nor permitted ever to learn: and the whole fabric of jurisprudence a

26. Jeremy Bentham, Bio Stonewall and Beyond Lesbian and Gay Culture. bentham, jeremy, 17481832, Englishphilosopher, jurist, political theorist; founder of Utilitarianism. http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/eresources/exhibitions/sw25/bentham/bentham.bio.

Stonewall and Beyond: Lesbian and Gay Culture Bentham, Jeremy, 1748-1832, English philosopher, jurist, political theorist; founder of Utilitarianism. Educated as a lawyer, Bentham devoted himself to the scientific analysis of morals and law. His Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (1789) held that the greatest happiness of the greatest number should govern our judgment of every institution and action. The 19th-century reforms of criminal law, of judicial organization, and of the parliamentary electorate owe much to Bentham's active work in English legislative reform, and his thought strongly influeced that of John Stuart Mill. From The Concise Columbia Encyclopedia For information or comments, please email sw25@libraries.cul.columbia.edu Last revision: 2002-05-05

27. Www.socsci.mcmaster.ca/~econ/ugcm/3ll3/bentham/usury Defence of Usury by jeremy bentham 1787 Defence of Usury; Shewing the Impolity ofthe Present Legal Restraints on the Terms of Pecuniary Bargains In a Series http://www.socsci.mcmaster.ca/~econ/ugcm/3ll3/bentham/usury

28. Jeremy Bentham, Biography: The Concise Encyclopedia Of Economics: Library Of Eco British economist jeremy bentham is most often associated with his theory of utilitarianism. jeremybentham. Selected Works (including online works). See also http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/bios/Bentham.html

Search Site Search Card Catalog Search a Book Home ... and Help Biography of Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) British economist Jeremy Bentham is most often associated with his theory of utilitarianism. Bentham's views ran counter to Adam Smith's vision of "natural rights." He believed in utilitarianism, or the idea that all social actions should be evaluated by the axiom "It is the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is the measure of right and wrong." Unlike Smith, Bentham believed that there were no natural rights to be interfered with. Trained in law, Bentham never practiced, choosing instead to focus on judicial and legal reform. His reform plans went beyond rewriting legislative acts to include detailed administrative plans to implement his proposals. In his plan for prisons, workhouses, and other institutions, Bentham devised compensation schemes, building designs, worker timetables, and even new accounting systems. A guiding principle of Bentham's schemes was that incentives should be designed "to make it each man's interest to observe on every occasion that conduct which it is his duty to observe." Interestingly, Bentham's thinking led him to the conclusion, one he shared with Smith, that professors should not be salaried. In his early years Bentham professed a free-market approach. He argued, for example, that interest rates should be free from government control. (See

29. Jeremy Bentham Article including biography, consideration of bentham's influence, a list of published works and selected secondary sources. http://www.thoemmes.com/encyclopedia/bentham.htm

Jeremy Bentham Jeremy Bentham was born at Houndsditch on 15 February 1748 and died on 6 June 1832. He began studying Latin at the age of four and at seven was sent to Westminster School. He entered Queen’s College, Oxford in 1760 (BA, 1764; MA, 1767). He was called to the Bar in 1769 but became radically dissatisfied with the state of English law and, instead of practising, sought to establish a better system. He achieved an important place in the history of utilitarianism, both through his attempts to articulate and apply the prin-ciple of ‘the greatest happiness of the greatest number’ and through his influence on the nineteenth-century utilitarians, most notably James Mill and his son John Stuart Mill. Bentham’s vision of a reformed legal system and constitutional code was a significant influence in the nineteenth century. Bentham was not, however, particularly well known in the eighteenth century, partly because, although a prolific writer, he found it difficult to put his work into a form suitable for publication. Indeed he owed the international reputation he built up in his lifetime more to works published by collaborators than what he himself saw through the press. The most important of these collaborators was the Swiss Etienne Dumont, who produced well-written French texts based on Bentham’s manuscripts, such as the Traités de législation civile et pénale , published in Paris in 1802. This work was translated into Russian and Spanish and had a great impact in Latin America. It was also published in German and Polish and eventually in English under the title

30. Bentham, Jeremy. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001. bentham, jeremy. 1748–1832, Englishphilosopher, jurist, political theorist, and founder of utilitarianism. http://www.bartleby.com/65/be/BenthamJ.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Bentham, Jeremy

31. Xrefer - Bentham, Jeremy (1748 - 1832) Oxford Companion to Philosophy article, by Dr. Harrison Ross. A detailed consideration of bentham's ideas, linked to articles on Utilitarianism and Consequentialism. http://www.xrefer.com/entry/551426

home library services showcase about select a topic search all art british history dictionaries encyclopedias health music philosophy place names quotations science shakespeare technology thesaurus Help xreferences utilitarianism The Penguin Dictionary of Economics utility The Penguin Dictionary of Economics utilitarianism The Macmillan Encyclopedia 2001 Equality Bloomsbury Thesaurus Punishment Bloomsbury Thesaurus view all xreferences adjacent entries benevolence Benjamin, Walter (1892 - 1940) Bennett, Jonathan F. (1930) Bentham, Jeremy (1748 - 1832) bent stick in water Berdyaev, Nikolai Alexandrovich (1874 - 1948) Bergmann, Gustav (1906 - 1987) About The Oxford Companion to Philosophy from Oxford University Press Bentham, Jeremy English philosopher who dreamed at a young age of founding a sect of philosophers called utilitarians and who lived to see his dream fulfilled. He also planned that his body when he died should be made into what he called an 'auto-icon' (that is, a representation of itself) so that it could be used as a monument to the founder of the sect. This intention was also fulfilled, so that to this day meetings of Benthamites sometimes take place in the actual presence of Bentham himself (who spends the rest of his time sitting in a glass box in University College London). Bentham was the son and grandson of lawyers working in the City of London and was intended by his father to follow and surpass them as a practising lawyer. However, while following his legal studies, Bentham became disgusted with the current state of English law and so, rather than making money by the practice of the law as it is, he turned instead to a study of what the law might be. This study formed the centre of his long life, during which he wrote an enormous amount of manuscript material on law, economics, politics, and the philosophy which naturally arises from these subjects.

32. 6696. Bentham, Jeremy. The Columbia World Of Quotations. 1996 ATTRIBUTION jeremy bentham (1748–1832), British philosopher, politicaltheorist, jurist. repr. (1948). Fragment of Government (1776). http://www.bartleby.com/66/96/6696.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Quotations The Columbia World of Quotations PREVIOUS ... AUTHOR INDEX The Columbia World of Quotations. NUMBER: QUOTATION: The said truth is that it is the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is the measure of right and wrong.

33. Bentham, Jeremy jeremy bentham. Back to Last Page Glossary Index Related Terms. Name jeremybentham. Dates Born February 15, 1748 in London, England Died June 6, 1832. http://atheism.about.com/library/glossary/general/bldef_bentham.htm

zfp=-1 About Agnosticism/Atheism Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting Agnosticism/Atheism with Austin Cline Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') Subjects ESSENTIALS Skepticism, Philosophy, Logic, Fallacies Church / State Separation Evolution vs. Creationism ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Jeremy Bentham Back to Last Page Glossary Index Related Terms utilitarianism hedonism Name: Jeremy Bentham Dates: Born: February 15, 1748 in London, England Died: June 6, 1832 Pseudonyms Jeremy Bentham is known to have written under a couple of pseudonyms during his career. Some letters submitted to the Gazeteer under the name "Irenaeus", for example, and other letters submitted to the Public Advertiser were signed with "Anti-Machiavel." Bentham also used the name "Gamaliel Smith, Esq." in 1823 for the work Not Paul, but Jesus (Thanks goes to Jack W. Brown, Assitant Professor of Criminal Justice at Missouri Valley College for this information) Biography: Jeremy Bentham was an English philosopher with very radical views on the nature of political and social organizations. Bentham first developed the philosophy of modern utilitarianism, a system of ethics based upon the universal hedonistic premise that the good can be judged based upon whatever produces the greatest happiness for the largest number of people.

34. Encyclopædia Britannica bentham, jeremy Encyclopædia Britannica Article. MLA style bentham, jeremy. Encyclopædia Britannica 2003 Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=80768

35. Encyclopædia Britannica Encyclopædia Britannica, bentham, jeremy Encyclopædia Britannica Article. MLAstyle bentham, jeremy. 2003 Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?idxref=561296

36. Jeremy Bentham BLTC Research logo. jeremy bentham (1748 1832). photo of the mummified bodyof jeremy bentham English utilitarian philosopher and social reformer. http://www.utilitarianism.com/bentham.htm

Jeremy Bentham "English utilitarian philosopher and social reformer. He first attained attention as a critic of the leading legal theorist in eighteenth century England, Sir William Blackstone. Bentham's campaign for social and political reforms in all areas, most notably the criminal law, had its theoretical basis in his utilitarianism , expounded in his Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation , a work written in 1780 but not published until 1789. In it he formulated the principle of utility , which approves of an action in so far as an action has an overall tendency to promote the greatest amount of happiness. Happiness is identified with pleasure and the absence of pain. To work out the overall tendency of an action, Bentham sketched a felicific ("happiness-making") calculus , which takes into account the intensity, duration, likelihood, extent, etc of pleasures and pains. In Bentham's theory, an action conforming to the principle of utility is right or at least not wrong; it ought to be done, or at least it is not the case that it ought not be done. But Bentham does not use the word ' duty ' here. For Bentham, rights and duties are legal notions, linked with the notions of command and sanction. What we call moral duties and rights would require a moral legislator (a divine being presumably) but theological notions are outside the scope of his theory. To talk of natural rights and duties suggests, as it were, a law without a legislator, and is nonsensical in the same way as talk of a son without a parent. Apart from theoretical considerations, Bentham also condemned the belief in natural rights on the grounds that it inspired violence and bloodshed, as seen in the excesses of the French Revolution.

37. AIM25: University College London: Bentham (Jeremy) Papers ARCHON Contact details. bentham (jeremy) Papers. IDENTITY STATEMENT. Held atUniversity College London. Title bentham (jeremy) Papers. Date(s) 17501885. http://www.aim25.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search2?coll_id=2853&inst_id=13

38. Academic Directories Back to Educational Resources. bentham, jeremy, http://www.allianceforlifelonglearning.org/er/tree.jsp?c=40163

39. Biografía - Bentham, Jeremy bentham, jeremy Nacionalidad Gran BretañaHoundsditch 15-2-1748 - Londres 6-7-1832. Miembro de una prestigiosa http://www.artehistoria.com/historia/personajes/6311.htm

FICHA Nacionalidad: Gran Bretaña Houndsditch 15-2-1748 - Londres 6-7-1832 Miembro de una prestigiosa familia de juristas, desarrolló sus estudios en la universidad de Oxford y se dedicó a la abogacía . La irracionalidad de la legislación inglesa le llevó a profundizar en ella, interesándose por los principios del racionalismo de la Ilustración y las teorías de Rousseau . Consideró que el fin de toda actividad moral y de toda organización social debía ser "la mayor felicidad posible para el mayor número de personas". Bentham rechaza, de esta manera, la moral tradicional inspirada en el sacrificio e identifica lo útil con el bien. Así la postura utilitarista nos llevaría al hedonismo, pudiendo conducir al desprecio de los valores espirituales. Para obtener la felicidad máxima será necesario un cálculo adecuado de los placeres que se pueden obtener a través de una acción. Todos los textos e imágenes en alta resolución de esta sección están disponibles en la colección La Historia y sus Protagonistas de Ediciones Dolmen, S.L.

40. Bentham, Jeremy encyclopediaEncyclopedia bentham, jeremy. bentham, jeremy, 1748–1832, Englishphilosopher, jurist, political theorist, and founder of utilitarianism. http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/people/A0807061.html

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