Classical Objects
Zhaohua Luo
(11/18/1998)
(a draft)
Y. Diers in [Diers,
1992, p.45] defined "a range of objects corresponding to the usual types
of commutative ring" for a Zariski category (cf. [Archive]).
In this note we show how to define these classical objects for any right
unitary category.
Let C be a category.
Definition 1. (a) A difference
of an object X is a notation a - b where (a,
b)
is any pair of parallel morphisms from an object to X; a - b
is a zero difference
if a = b.
(b) A morphism t: X --> T
is called a solution
of X (or any difference a - b of X); if
T
is
a terminal object then we say that t is a trivial
solution of X.
Definition 2. (a) A solution t of
a difference a - b is a zero solution
if ta = tb.
(b) A difference a - b of an object is unit
if
its zero solutions are trivial.
(c) A solution t of a difference a
- b is a unit solution
if ta - tb is a unit.
(d) A difference a - b is nilpotent
if its unit solutions are trivial.
(e) A difference a - b is regular
if it has a monomorphic solution.
Remark 3. Suppose a - b is a difference and t
is a solution of a - b of an object X.
(a) If a - b is both a unit and a zero then X
is terminal.
(b) a - b is a zero (resp. unit, resp. nilpotent) implies that
ta
- tb is so.
In the following we assume any object of C has a unit.
Definition 4. (a) An object is reduced
if any non-zero difference has a non-trivial unit solution (i.e. it has
no non-zero nilpotent difference).
(b) A non-terminal object is integral
if
any two non-zero differences has a common monomorphic unit solution (i.e.
any non-zero difference is regular).
(c) A non-terminal object is primary
if
any two non-nilpotent differences has a common monomorphic unit solution.
(d) A non-terminal object is quasi-primary
if
any two non-nilpotent differences has a common non-trivial
unit solution.
(e) A non-terminal object is simple
(i.e.
a field)
if any non-zero difference is a unit.
(f) A non-terminal object is pseudo-simple
if any non-nilpotent difference is a unit.
(g) A non-terminal object is
local
if
the class of non-unit differences has a common non-initial null solution.
(h) A non-terminal object is
generic
if
the class of non-nilpotent differences has a common non-initial unit solution.
Remark 5. (a) The classes of reduced, integral, primary,
quasi-primary objects are closed under subobjects.
(b) An object is integral iff it is reduced and primary.
(c) Any simple object is integral; any subobject of a simple object
is integral.
(d) Any pseudo-simple is primary and any primary object is quasi-primary;
any subobject of a pseudo-simple object is primary..
(e) An object is simple iff it is reduced and a pseudo-simple.
Remark 6. Suppose U = hom(W, ~) is a representable
faithful functor from C to the category of sets. By a U-difference
(or W-difference) of an object X we mean a notation a
- b, where (a,
b) is any pair of elements of U(X).
Applying the above methods we obtain the notion of U-reduced, U-prime
objects, etc. with respective to U-differences. One can show that
an object is reduced (resp. prime, etc.) if it is U-reduced (resp.
U-prime,
etc.) Thus for a concrete category (C, U) (e.g. an algebraic
geometry) it suffices to consider U-differences instead of general
differences.
Theorem 7. Suppose (C, U) is an algebraic
geometry.
(a) An object is integral iff any non-zero difference has a monomorphic
unit solution (or any two non-zero differences has a common non-trivial
unit solution).
(b) An object is primary iff any non-nilpotent difference has a monomorphic
unit solution (or any two non-nilpotent differences has a common non-trivial
unit solution)..
(c) An object is integral iff it is reduced and quasi-primary.
(d) An object is integral iff it is a subobject of a simple object.
(e) An object is primary iff it is a subobject of a pseudo-simple object.
(f) Any direct product of reduced object is reduced; an object is reduced
iff it is a subobject of a direct product of simple objects (see [Categorical
Geometry, Chapter 3 - 5] for the proof) .
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