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TIME 100 Scientists Thinkers - William Shockley
SolidState Physicist william shockley He fathered the transistor and brought thesilicon to Silicon Valley but is remembered by many only for his noxious
http://www.time.com/time/time100/scientist/profile/shockley.html

Extractions: He fathered the transistor and brought the silicon to Silicon Valley but is remembered by many only for his noxious racial views BY GORDON MOORE The transistor was born just before Christmas 1947 when John Bardeen and Walter Brattain, two scientists working for William Shockley at Bell Telephone Laboratories in Murray Hill, N.J., observed that when electrical signals were applied to contacts on a crystal of germanium, the output power was larger than the input. Shockley was not present at that first observation. And though he fathered the discovery in the same way Einstein fathered the atom bomb, by advancing the idea and pointing the way, he felt left out of the momentous occasion. Shockley, a very competitive and sometimes infuriating man, was determined to make his imprint on the discovery. He searched for an explanation of the effect from what was then known of the quantum physics of semiconductors. In a remarkable series of insights made over a few short weeks, he greatly extended the understanding of semiconductor materials and developed the underlying theory of another, much more robust amplifying devicea kind of sandwich made of a crystal with varying impurities added, which came to be known as the junction transistor. By 1951 Shockley's co-workers made his semiconductor sandwich and demonstrated that it behaved much as his theory had predicted. For the next couple of decades advances in transistor technology drove the industry, as several companies jumped on the idea and set out to develop commercially viable versions of the device. New ways to create Shockley's sandwich were invented, and transistors in a vast variety of sizes and shapes flooded the market. Shockley's invention had created a new industry, one that underlies all of modern electronics, from supercomputers to talking greeting cards. Today the world produces about as many transistors as it does printed characters in all the newspapers, books, magazines and computer and electronic-copier pages combined.
TIME 100 Scientists Thinkers - William Shockley
Page 1 Page 2 Page 3. william shockley. We knew we were onto something,but it's gone a great deal further than I could've imagined at the time.
http://www.time.com/time/time100/scientist/profile/shockley03.html

Extractions: Working for Shockley proved to be a particular challenge. He extended his competitive nature even to his working relationships with the young physicists he supervised. Beyond that, he developed traits that we came to view as paranoid. He suspected that members of his staff were purposely trying to undermine the project and prohibited them from access to some of the work. He viewed several trivial events as malicious and assigned blame. He felt it necessary to check new results with his previous colleagues at Bell Labs, and he generally made it difficult for us to work together. In what was probably the final straw, he decided the entire laboratory staff should undergo polygraph tests to determine who was responsible for a minor injury experienced by one of the office workers. While the group was making real progress in developing the technology needed to produce silicon transistors, Shockley's management style proved an increasing burden. The group was in danger of breaking up. In fact, a few of the first recruits had already abandoned the lab for other jobs. To try to stabilize the organization, several of us went over Shockley's head, directly to Arnold Beckman, who had financed the start-up, suggesting that Shockley be removed from direct management of the lab and function only as a technical consultant.
William ShockleyThe Twenty Most Influential Scientists And Thinkers Of The 20th
william shockley, a Nobel Prize Laureate in Physics, at the Nobel Prize Internet Archive. william shockley. 1956 Nobel Laureate in Physics
http://time.com/time/time100/scientist/profile/shockley.html

Extractions: He fathered the transistor and brought the silicon to Silicon Valley but is remembered by many only for his noxious racial views BY GORDON MOORE The transistor was born just before Christmas 1947 when John Bardeen and Walter Brattain, two scientists working for William Shockley at Bell Telephone Laboratories in Murray Hill, N.J., observed that when electrical signals were applied to contacts on a crystal of germanium, the output power was larger than the input. Shockley was not present at that first observation. And though he fathered the discovery in the same way Einstein fathered the atom bomb, by advancing the idea and pointing the way, he felt left out of the momentous occasion. Shockley, a very competitive and sometimes infuriating man, was determined to make his imprint on the discovery. He searched for an explanation of the effect from what was then known of the quantum physics of semiconductors. In a remarkable series of insights made over a few short weeks, he greatly extended the understanding of semiconductor materials and developed the underlying theory of another, much more robust amplifying devicea kind of sandwich made of a crystal with varying impurities added, which came to be known as the junction transistor. By 1951 Shockley's co-workers made his semiconductor sandwich and demonstrated that it behaved much as his theory had predicted. For the next couple of decades advances in transistor technology drove the industry, as several companies jumped on the idea and set out to develop commercially viable versions of the device. New ways to create Shockley's sandwich were invented, and transistors in a vast variety of sizes and shapes flooded the market. Shockley's invention had created a new industry, one that underlies all of modern electronics, from supercomputers to talking greeting cards. Today the world produces about as many transistors as it does printed characters in all the newspapers, books, magazines and computer and electronic-copier pages combined.
William B. Shockley
Nobel Prize for Physics 1956.Nobelpreis für Physik 1956. (Nobel Prize Physics 1956). william B. shockley, amerikan. Physiker, geb.
http://members.tripod.de/npphys/shockley.htm
Bill Shockley, Part 1
and unroped. . william shockley, 1947. shockley as a young man walkinga tightrope. Part 1, 2, 3. william shockley. Hubris and
http://www.pbs.org/transistor/album1/shockley/

Extractions: Shockley as a young man walking a tight-rope. Part 1, Hubris and the Transistor William Bradford Shockley clearly was one of the brightest scientists of the 20th century, yet he lived a life of noisy desperation. He was a modern hero taken from one of the ancient Greek tragedies, caught in an age he helped invent. Like Orestes and Oedipus, Shockley was driven by the internal demon of hubris. Unlike Orestes and Oedipus, however, he never found redemption. Yet without him, you would probably be doing something less interesting right now. "One of the century's most important scientists"
William Shockley Winner Of The 1956 Nobel Prize In Physics
william shockley, a Nobel Prize Laureate in Physics, at the NobelPrize Internet Archive. william shockley. 1956 Nobel Laureate in
http://almaz.com/nobel/physics/1956a.html

Extractions: Physicist Awarded $1 in Damages for Article on Race and Genetics ... Pretensions of Immortality Links added by Nobel Internet Archive visitors Java applet simulating the Haynes-Shockley experiment used to measure excess-carrier behavior in semiconductors Biography from Lucent Technologies ... time biography by Intel co-founder (submitted by Chris Quackenbush) People and Discoveries: William Shockley (submitted by Chinnappan Baskar William B. Shockley Biography (submitted by Chinnappan Baskar William B. Shockley Nobel Lecture
William B. Shockley - Biography
william shockley was born in London, England, on 13th February, 1910, the son ofwilliam Hillman shockley, a mining engineer born in Massachusetts and his wife
http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1956/shockley-bio.html

Extractions: The family returned to the United States in 1913 and William Jr. was educated in California, taking his B.Sc. degree at the California Institute of Technology in 1932. He studied at Massachusetts Institute of Technology under Professor J.C. Slater and obtained his Ph.D. in 1936, submitting a thesis on the energy band structure of sodium chloride. The same year he joined Bell Telephone Laboratories, working in the group headed by Dr. C.J. Davisson and remained there (with brief absences for war service, etc.) until 1955. He resigned his post of Director of the Transistor Physics Department to become Director of the Shockley Semi-conductor Laboratory of Beckman Instruments, Inc., at Mountain View, California, for research development and production of new transistor and other semiconductor devices. In 1963 he was named first Alexander M. Poniatoff Professor of Engineering Science at Stanford University , where he will act as professor-at-large in engineering and applied sciences.
Physics 1956
for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistoreffect . william Bradford shockley, John Bardeen, Walter Houser Brattain.
http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1956/
Adventures In CyberSound Shockley, William Bradford
ADVENTURES in CYBERSOUND. william Bradford shockley, Dr 1910 1989. The Americanphysicist william Bradford shockley, b. London, Feb. 13, 1910, d. Aug.
http://www.acmi.net.au/AIC/SHOCKLEY_BIO.html
Shockley, William B.,
shockley, william B.,. shockley. Fabian Bachrach. in full williamBRADFORD shockley (b. Feb. 13, 1910, London, Eng.d. Aug.
http://search.eb.com/nobel/micro/544_30.html

Extractions: Shockley Fabian Bachrach in full WILLIAM BRADFORD SHOCKLEY (b. Feb. 13, 1910, London, Eng.d. Aug. 12, 1989, Palo Alto, Calif., U.S.), American engineer and teacher, cowinner (with John Bardeen and Walter H. Brattain ) of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1956 for their development of the transistor , a device that largely replaced the bulkier and less-efficient vacuum tube and ushered in the age of microminiature electronics. Shockley studied physics at the California Institute of Technology (B.S., 1932) and at Harvard University (Ph.D., 1936). He joined the technical staff of the Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1936 and there began experiments with semiconductors that ultimately led to the invention and development of the transistor. During World War II, he served as director of research for the Antisubmarine Warfare Operations Research Group of the U.S. Navy. After the war, Shockley returned to Bell Telephone as director of its research program on solid-state physics. Working with Bardeen and Brattain, he resumed his attempts to use semiconductors as amplifiers and controllers of electronic signals. The three men invented the point-contact transistor in 1947 and a more effective device, the junction transistor, in 1948. Shockley was deputy director of the Weapons Systems Evaluation Group of the Department of Defense in 1954-55. He joined Beckman Instruments, Inc., to establish the Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory in 1955. In 1958 he became lecturer at Stanford University, California, and in 1963 he became the first Poniatoff professor of engineering science there (emeritus, 1974). He wrote
Shockley, William B. (1910-1989) -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of Scientific Bi
Nationality , American v. Nationality , English v. Prize Winners , Nobel Prize , Physics Prize v. shockley, william B. (19101989),
http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Shockley.html

Extractions: English-American physicist and undergraduate at Caltech who studied crystal rectifiers with Bardeen and Brattain . The group developed the solid state rectifier, known as the transistor transistors could also function as amplifiers, so these compact devices soon replace bulky and burn-out-prone triode vacuum tubes For this work, the three shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in physics. Bardeen Brattain
William Shockley Message Board
Thank you, MAGIC. william shockley Message Board. Sunny 3/22/2002 (0). ProjectHussies united to rescue william shockley Teresa 3/1/2002 (26)
http://www.williamshockley.com/msgboard.mv
Shockley, William Bradford. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001. shockley, WilliamBradford. 191089, American physicist, b. London. He graduated
http://www.bartleby.com/65/sh/Shockley.html

Extractions: Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Shockley, William Bradford
Shockley, William Bradford. The American Heritage® Dictionary Of The English La
shockley, william Bradford. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English LanguageFourth Edition. shockley, william Bradford. SYLLABICATION Shock·ley.
http://www.bartleby.com/61/49/S0354900.html

Extractions: Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference American Heritage Dictionary shock jock ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. Shockley, William Bradford
William Bradford Shockley, February 13, 1910August 12, 1989 | By John L. Moll
I am including it with his permission in an almost unedited form One of Slater'sstudents was william shockley whom I had known since my undergraduate days.
http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/biomems/wshockley.html

Extractions: WILLIAM BRADFORD SHOCKLEY was a major participant in the physical discoveries and inventions that are the basis of the transistor era and the twentieth-century electronics industrial revolution. Transistor circuits are basic to almost all of our technological advances. Shockley was born in London, England, on February 13, 1910. His parents were Americans. His father, William Hillman Shockley, was a mining engineer, and his mother, the former May Bradford, had been a federal deputy surveyor of mineral lands. In 1933 Shockley married Jean Alberta Bailey. They had two sons, William and Richard, and a daughter, Alison Lanelli. They divorced in 1955, and in the same year Shockley married Emmy Lanning. When Shockley was three years old, the family returned to the United States and settled in Palo Alto, California. His parents considered that they could give their son a better education at home than in the public schools. They therefore kept him out of school until he was eight years old. His mother taught him mathematics, and both parents encouraged his scientific interests. Professor Perley A. Ross, a Stanford physicist and neighbor in Palo Alto, exerted an especially important influence in stimulating his interest in science. Shockley was a frequent visitor at the Ross home, playing with the professor's two daughters and becoming a substitute son. When he entered high school, Shockley spent two years at the Palo Alto Military Academy. He then enrolled for a brief time in the Los Angeles Coaching School to study physics. He finished his high school education at Hollywood High, graduating in 1927.
Nat'l Academies Press, Biographical Memoirs (1996), William Bradford Shockley
purified amino acids, cerebral blood flow, EARNEST ALBERT HOOTON, IRVINE HEINLYPAGE, phys rev, bell labs, BRADFORD shockley, william BRADFORD, BIOGRAPHICAL
http://www.nap.edu/books/0309052394/html/305.html

Extractions: Openbook Linked Table of Contents Front Matter, pp. i-iv Contents, pp. v-vi Preface, pp. vii-viii Jacob Aall Bonnevie Bjerknes, pp. 3-22 Hubert Morse Blalock, Jr., pp. 23-44 Min Chueh Chang, pp. 45-62 George Constantin Cotzias, pp. 63-84 Frederick Russell Eggan, pp. 85-102 Walter M. Elsasser, pp. 103-166 Earnest Albert Hooton, pp. 167-180 Arthur S. King, pp. 181-194 Herman Francis Mark, pp. 195-210 Barbara McClintock, pp. 211-236 Irvine Heinly Page, pp. 237-252 William Cumming Rose, pp. 253-272 Carl Frederic Schmidt, pp. 273-290 John Clark Sheehan, pp. 291-304 William Bradford Shockley, pp. 305-324 Edward Holland Spicer, pp. 325-352 George Streisinger, pp. 353-362 Harold Clayton Urey, pp. 363-412 Carroll Milton Williams, pp. 413-434 Jerrold R. Zacharias, pp. 435-450
Shockley, William Bradford
shockley, william Bradford. (19101989). Americký inenýr, ucitela spoludritel (spolu s Johnem Bardeenem a Walterem Brattainem
http://www.aldebaran.cz/famous/people/Shockley_William.html

Extractions: Shockley, William Bradford Americký inenýr, uèitel a spoludritel (spolu s Johnem Bardeenem a Walterem Brattainem ) Nobelovy ceny za fyziku pro rok 1956 za objev tranzistoru - zaøízení, které okamitì nahradilo veliké málo efektivní elektronky a zaøízení, které odstartovalo vìk elektroniky. Shockley studoval fyziku na California Institute of Technology (titul B.S., získal v roce 1932) a pozdìji jetì na Harvardské universitì (titul Ph.D. získal v roce 1936). V roce 1936 se stal zamìstnancem Bellových telefonních laboratoøí a tam také zaèal s experimenty s polovodièi, které vedly k objevení tranzistoru. Bìhem druhé svìtové války se stal øeditelem výzkumné skupiny u amerického námoønictva, která mìla za úkol zkoumat podmoøské váleèné operace. Po válce se Shockley vrátil do Bellových laboratoøí jako vedoucí svého výzkumného programu fyziky pevných látek. Pracoval s Bardeenem a Brattainem . Spoleènì objevili transistor s bodovými kontakty v roce 1957 a klasický tranzistor o rok pozdìji. V roce 1958 zaèal pøednáet na Stanfordské universitì a v roce 1963 se stal profesorem. Kontroverzní se stala jeho teorie závislosti IQ na rasovém pùvodu. Astrofyzika Galerie Sondy Úkazy ... Odkazy
Shockley, William Bradford
encyclopediaEncyclopedia shockley, william Bradford. shockley, williamBradford, 191089, American physicist, b. London. He graduated
http://www.factmonster.com/cgi-bin/id/A0844996

Extractions: Shockley, William Bradford Shockley, William Bradford, , American physicist, b. London. He graduated from the California Institute of Technology (B.S., 1932) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Ph.D., 1936). After directing antisubmarine research for the U.S. Navy during World War II, he returned to work at Bell Laboratories. There he and two colleagues, John Bardeen and Walter H. Brattain, produced the first transistor in 1947; for this work they shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1956. Shockley taught electrical engineering at Stanford Univ. from 1958 to 1975. In the late 1960s and 1970s he became the center of controversy when he lectured on his theory that blacks were intellectually inferior and, by reproducing faster than whites, were causing a retrogression in human evolution. Most social scientists took issue with his interpretation of gross intelligence quotient (IQ) scores because he made no allowance for cultural and social influences.
Shockley, William
shockley, william Bradford (19101989). US physicist, who developedthe junction transistor from the point-contact transistor. He
http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/S/Shockley/1.htm

Extractions: The son of a mining engineer, Shockley was educated at the California Institute of Technology and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he gained his PhD in 1936. He immediately joined the research staff of Bell Telephone Laboratories and in 1953 became director of the transistor physics department. Shockley also became connected with a number of private companies all concerned with the commercial exploitation of the transistor. In 1963 he was appointed to the Poniatoff Professorship of Electrical Engineering at Stanford, remaining a consultant with Bell until he retired from both positions in 1975. In 1947 Shockley's colleagues at Bell, J. Bardeen and W. J. Brattain, invented the point-contact transistor. This, however, was a theoretical rather than a practical breakthrough. Shortly afterwards Shockley developed the more practical junction transistor, which transformed the electronics industry. Shockley shared his Nobel Prize with Bardeen and Brattain. Subsequently Shockley argued his minority views on genetics, gaining considerable publicity. Believing that blacks are less intelligent than whites, and that the current population explosion is spreading 'bad' genes at the expense of 'good', Shockley enthusiastically supported such schemes as a sperm bank produced by Nobel prizewinners, restrictions on mixed marriages, and voluntary sterilization.
MOH Citation For William Shockley
Medal of Honor. to. *shockley, william R. Rank and Organization PrivateFirst Class, US Army, Company L, 128th Infantry, 32d Infantry Division.
http://www.homeofheroes.com/moh/citations_1940_wwii/shockley.html

Extractions: takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to *SHOCKLEY, WILLIAM R. Rank and Organization: Private First Class, U.S. Army, Company L, 128th Infantry, 32d Infantry Division. Place and Date Villa Verde Trail, Luzon, Philippine Islands, 31 March 1945. Entered Service at: Selma, Calif. Birth: Bokoshe, Okla. G.O. No.: 89, 19 October 1945. Citation: Each of the individual citations in this section should be printable as a single, full page similar to the one at right. If you have any problems getting a finished page like the one shown, click on it to access our PRINT HELPS page. Click Here To Send this Page to a Friend Click On Any Of the Links Below To Go to A site at HomeOfHeroes.com Home Page Hall Of Heroes MOH Community NEWS ... The Binch INTERACTIVE FEATURES

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