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When the deplorable conditions in Alabama's prisons were revealed at trial in 1975, Judge Frank Johnson declared the prison system as a whole to constitute cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the eighth amendment. He then issued an elaborate decree specifying improvements that must be made to satisfy constitutional standards. In this study, Larry W. Yackle describes the campaign to achieve prison reform in Alabama through constitutional litigation in the federal courts and surveys the process that produced Johnson's decree, and subsequent efforts to enforce his order in the face of bureaucratic inertia, administrative incompetence, and political demagogy. A decade later, the prisons showed significant physical improvements, but Alabama's resistance to progressive penal policies remained intact and impeded lasting change. Covering the lawyers' strategies, Judge Johnson's creative actions, and the machinations of state and federal officials including the Department of Justice under President Ronald Reagan, this book conveys the frustrating yet effective effort at prison litigation and offers important lessons for other proponents of penal reform across the country. ... Read more

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In the aftermath of September 11 2001, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) embarked on a program to reform its intelligence and national security programs. Many experts agree the FBI has made progress in some areas (dissemination of raw intelligence), but some believe that the FBI has shown little progress in other areas (establishing an integrated and proactive intelligence program) while the FBI's budget increased by 68 per cent from 2001-2005. The Weapons of Mass Destruction Commission has recommended, and the White House has approved, the establishment of a National Security Service within the FBI. This Service would integrate the FBI's Counterterrorism and Counterintelligence Division with the FBI's Directorate of Intelligence (DI). Whether this organisational change will yield substantive results is an open question. This book analyses the FBI's overall intelligence reform effort, focusing on the implementation of intelligence reform initiatives in the field. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from National Underwriter Property & Casualty-Risk & Benefits Management, published by The National Underwriter Company on July 31, 2000. The length of the article is 510 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: The Portman-Cardin Act: Top-Notch Legislation.(Comprehensive Retirement Security and Pension Reform Act)(Brief Article)(Statistical Data Included)
Publication: National Underwriter Property & Casualty-Risk & Benefits Management (Magazine/Journal)
Date: July 31, 2000
Publisher: The National Underwriter Company
Volume: 104Issue: 31Page: 24

Article Type: Brief Article, Statistical Data Included

Distributed by Thomson Gale ... Read more

Customer Reviews (1)

Old wine in new pocket
In the editorial review they type Mister Dwyer not as an pure opposionist on the voucher theme but as an well balanced thinker. Although I cannot judge over his work, the fact that he condems charter schools and voucher plans as proposed on grounds of abstract anti market theory's and the need to control education to 'do what is best for OUR children' says enough. He seems not a moment to be interested if the possibility of charter schools and some forms of voucher plans with enough freedom for shaping content in line with context and participants interests and possibilities will create better possibilities of his american children.

He is either strategic enough to give a new wave at the opponents ideology: dismantle more free education (like in private education) through using vouchers as a powerfull toy to control content and form of private education. That's sad.
Because the basic thing for education is if the people who are working with eachother have fun in their work and feel that they can make a difference, have influence on their work and are developing in their work. More control in education cannot fullfill these basic criteria for better education. Vouchers and charter schools can, if the transparancy of educational content and processes are high as well as the accessability for children to education, in terms of access (no sublimating discrimination via demands of cognitive capacities - so better go for free access) and in terms of financial capacities. Vouchers as such mean not very much, for all the different criteria you have to look further, without politically thinking. Only then there can come voucher plans wich are realistic and an good opportunity for better education and fun in education. If there is fun, like there was in District 4 in East Harlem, then there will be also enough teachers to work in education. And arguments about the constitutionality of vouchers are not very important. The interpretation of the consitution varies through the years. In the past there has been said through a court that if vouchers are given as a learning right to parents, the state isn't funding religious organisations if parents use these vouchers for religious schools. What it will be now w'll see with the results of the Cleveland case. ... Read more

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Designed as a supplemental text for courses in Public Policy, Still Artful Work: The Continuing Politics of Social Security Reform provides a focused, up-to-date case study of the public policy decision-making process within the American political framework. Author Paul Light skillfully outlines the issues, the actions, and the results of decisions which have contributed to the making and re-making of Social Security reform, demonstrating throughout the complexity of the process of social change. ... Read more

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"Research in Employment Policy". ... Read more

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This pioneering volume addresses the key issue of the relationship between politics and economics, with special reference to Egypt in the 1990s. Drawing on the expertise of both political scientists and economists, it assembles an impressive array of data, including detailed opinion surveys, to demonstrate conclusively that political and economic reform need to proceed in tandem.

In an insightful analysis of the Egyptian legislature, the authors draw attention to a fundamental aspect of institutional reform, namely the informational and knowledge base of legislation as well as the organizational infrastructure of policy formulation. As regards Egypt's economic performance since the early 1990s, they focus in particular on impediments to improved export performance and offer solid recommendations as to how such obstacles might be overcome.

This stimulating study makes a timely contribution to political economic analysis, which may at the same time prove helpful in the formulation of new policies. ... Read more

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Institutional Reform & Economic Development in Egypt
This valuable study of institutional aspects of liberalisation and reform exemplifies, as Robert Springborg writes in the Forward to this book, `how cross-disciplinary social science research can assist decision-makers in better understanding the relationship between political and economic reform, as well as in formulating specific policies to expedite these processes.' The volume represents not only a fine marriage of theory, empirical analysis, and policy prescription; it also makes a solid contribution to political economy. By analysing political and economic reforms as integrally related, it helps to brings clarity to issues which, in recent decades, have been clouded by the analytic convention of treating politics and economics as separate spheres of social activity. ... Read more

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Examines the challenges faced by pension schemes in the advanced economies and the reforms that have been introduced to tackle these challenges. A team of international contributors provides an up to date analysis of different aspects of pension problems, prospects and reforms. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Dictionary of American History, brought to you by Gale®, a part of Cengage Learning, a world leader in e-research and educational publishing for libraries, schools and businesses.The length of the article is 1832 words.The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase.You can view it with any web browser.Focuses on cultures and countries around the world, specifically what is and is not shared culturally by the people who live in a particular country. Entries contain descriptive summaries of the country in question, including demographic, historical, cultural, economic, religious, and political information. ... Read more