Product Description
This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced typographical errors, and jumbled words.This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ... Read more

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Uruguay is not conventionally thought of as part of the African diaspora, yet during the period of Spanish colonial rule, thousands of enslaved Africans arrived in the country. Afro-Uruguayans played important roles in Uruguay's national life, creating the second-largest black press in Latin America, a racially defined political party, and numerous social and civic organizations.

Afro-Uruguayans were also central participants in the creation of Uruguayan popular culture and the country's principal musical forms, tango and candombe. Candombe, a style of African-inflected music, is one of the defining features of the nation's culture, embraced equally by white and black citizens.

In Blackness in the White Nation, George Reid Andrews offers a comprehensive history of Afro-Uruguayans from the colonial period to the present. Showing how social and political mobilization is intertwined with candombe, he traces the development of Afro-Uruguayan racial discourse and argues that candombe's evolution as a central part of the nation's culture has not fundamentally helped the cause of racial equality. Incorporating lively descriptions of his own experiences as a member of a candombe drumming and performance group, Andrews consistently connects the struggles of Afro-Uruguayans to the broader issues of race, culture, gender, and politics throughout Latin America and the African diaspora generally. ... Read more

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The Uruguay Round of negotiations in the GATT took over fouryears to prepare, and seven more years to complete. Failure oftenthreatened; success was not certain until the very last days of thenegotations. The most ambitious worldwide negotiations ever attemptedon trade matters -- perhaps, indeed, on any economic subject-- the Round covered an enormous range of questions, some highlysensitive. Over one hundred governments took part in thesenegotiations, defending the interests of countries of all sizes,stages of development and economic structures. Unlike previous GATTnegotiations, this one spilled over into the political arena, sparkingsharp controversy, international tension, and in some countries evenriots. The agreements reached are expected to influence world growthand development for decades to come.Since the Uruguay Round agreements were signed in April 1994, theyhave been widely discussed and analyzed. Studies have sought toestimate their impact on world economic growth, production patterns,and world trade. This book, however, has a different purpose: to tracethe history of the Round. It seeks to explain, in as accessible andnon-technical a way as possible, how the Uruguay Round came about, whyit covered the subjects it did, what the participants sought, and thetwists, turns, setbacks and successes in each sector of thenegotiations. ... Read more

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In this volume, Alexander sketches the history of organized labor in the countries of Uruguay and Paraguay. He covers such topics as the role of organized labor in the economics and politics of these two countries and their relations with the international labor movement. It is based on extensive personal contacts of the author with the labor movements over almost half a century. It may seem unusual at first to have both of these countries in one volume because there does not exist anywhere else in Latin America such historical political disparity between neighboring countries as that between Uruguay and Paraguay. However in spite of the political contrasts, there are certain similarities in the history of the labor movements of these two republics.

In both Uruguay and Paraguay, the earliest organizations to be founded by the workers were mutual benefit societies, rather than trade unions. But in both countries, trade unions which sought to protect their members against employers began to appear. By the early years of the 20th century, these unions began to demand that employers negotiate with them, and there were an increasing number of strikes, attempting to make these demands effective. There were soon efforts to bring together the various trade unions into broader local, national, and international labor organizations.

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After the conclusion of the Uruguay Round a complete overviewof this important phase in GATT history is now available. Thisextensive work covering the six years leading to the conclusion of theUruguay Round comes in three separate volumes in which the talks andthe positions taken are described in detail. Apart from the historicaldata the book contains a comprehensive commentary and analysis of thenegotiations and the final accord. The GATT Uruguay Round: A Negotiating History (1986--1992)is certainly the most complete work on the developments preceding thefinal conclusion of the Uruguay Round. As such it is an idealreference work for historians and specialists in international orcommercial law. Specific topics that played an important role during the UruguayRound, such as agriculture, services, subsidies and antidumping, aretreated in separate chapters, making it an ideal reference work foreveryone interested in certain GATT issues. The following parts are separately available: Offprints volume 1: 90-6544-748-2: Introduction and Overview 90-6544-749-0: Agriculture 90-6544-750-4: Textiles 90-6544-754-7: Subsidies and Countervailing Measures Offprints volume 2: 90-6544-753-9: Antidumping 90-6544-752-0: Dispute Settlement 90-6544-760-1: Services 90-6544-759-8: Trade-Related Investment Measures 90-6544-762-8: Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property 90-6544-764-4: Functioning of the GATT System ... Read more

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Volume Four of The GATT Uruguay Round: A Negotiating History (1986-1994) deals with the final sessions of the world's most ambitious trade negotiations to date and its most significant accomplishment - the creation of the World Trade Organization. It includes the negotiating history of important modifications made during the end-game in 1993 and before the signing ceremony in Marrakesh in April 1994. This period saw major changes in the text and the extent of obligations undertaken in the agriculture and services sectors, as well as the final completion of negotiations in subsidies and countervailing duties, customs valuation, and other sectors. It was also during this last period that the final agreements in trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights (TRIPS) and trade-related invested measures (TRIMS) emerged. Like the earlier volumes in this treatise, Volume Four is useful for its revelation not only of what was resolved but also of what was not resolved. This work belongs in the collection of all concerned with the evolution and continuing development of international trade as a vital component of our contemporary world. ... Read more

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The most ambitious round of multilateral trade negotiations since the formation of the GATT was formally launched in Punta del Este, Uruguay in 1986. With more than 100 nations participating in the "Uruguay Round" negotiations, complex economic problems and difficult political realities made reaching international accord on major trading issues a long and arduous process. The three-volume set presents a history of these negotiations, portraying how participating nations reached their current positions on the proposed major changes in trade in agriculture and textiles, adoption of rules for trade in services, review of existing trade regulations, increased protection of intellectual property rights and the liberalization of the market for many important products. The set contains information which should be useful for all involved in international trade. Legal practitioners, business executives, academics and government officials seeking to understand the position of the important players and grasp the implications of the final agreement should find this factually-objective and politically-neutral account of the negotiations a useful resource. This is volume 2 of the set.The complete set is also available, as are individual chapters, allowing for the purchase of only that information in which a customer has a specific interest. ... Read more

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Borrowing from the old adage, we might say that to the victor belongs the history. One of the privileges gained in colonizing the New World was the power to tell the definitive stories of the struggle. The heroic texts depicting the discovery of territories, early encounters with indigenous peoples, and the ultimate subjection of land and cultures to European nation-states all but erase the vanquished.In "Forgotten Conquests", Gustavo Verdesio argues that these master narratives represent only one of many possible histories and suggests a way of reading them to find the colonial subjects who did not produce documents. Verdesio reads the key texts relating to the struggles for possession of River Plate's northern shore present-day Uruguay. He probes them for traces of conflicts in meaning and the agency of Amerindians, gauchos, Africans, and women the subjected peoples that the texts try to silence. The narrators, speaking for their culture, assume the role of knowing subject, repressing all other voices, epistemologies, and acts of resistance.Verdesio's tasks are to listen for those that the Europeans represented as an unintelligible Other, to draw them into the foreground, and to de-colonize their histories.By unpacking these texts, Verdesio shows that from the European point of view, the colonial encounter draws the New World into historical time and ushers in a new concept of knowledge. For the first time, the historian's role is to discover, to interpret eye-witness testimonies and first-hand experience, to write "a new history of admirable things." Even in this reconstruction of historical truth, Old World ideology drives the narratives, whose chief purpose is to justify conquest. "Forgotten Conquests" lays bare the discursive strategies that generated the founding texts of Latin American history and engulfed its subjected peoples in silence for 500 years. Author note: Gustavo Verdesio is Assistant Professor of Spanish, Department of Romance Languages and Literatures, University of Michigan. ... Read more

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Uruguay has recently come to the attention to global strategic planners.This report puts these executives on the fast track.Ten chapters provide: an overview of how to strategically access this important market, a discussion on economic fundamentals, marketing & distribution options, export and direct investment options, and full risk assessments (political, cultural, legal, human resources).Ample statistical benchmarks and comparative graphs are given. ... Read more

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This study traces women’s political activism and state formation in Uruguay during the first three decades of the twentieth century, highlighting the connections and the dialogues between these two processes.

Prior to the military dictatorship of the 1970s, Uruguay’s political and social policies were considered a model for other Latin American countries to emulate. In addition to being an ideal democracy, it formulated the region’s most advanced welfare state under José Batlle y Ordóñez, president from 1903 to 1929. Uruguay had an excellent social security system and became the first Latin American nation to legislate the eight-hour day and guarantee health care to the poor. Women gained access to divorce, higher education, social services, and the vote.

Making use of archival material, personal correspondence, and interviews, Ehrick’s study demonstrates that feminism in early twentieth-century Uruguay was local, plural, and partisan. The author reconstructs the genealogy of feminist activism in Uruguay. While feminist ideas may have originated in Europe or North America, they spread quickly to be embraced into a variety of Uruguayan circumstances and traditions, far beyond the middle class elite. Ehrick includes movements that crossed the political spectrum, encompassing working class activists and conservative Catholics as well as middle-class feminists.

The Shield of the Weak is a significant contribution to the discussions about feminism, gender, and the welfare state as well as a useful account of a neglected instance of political reform in South America.

The Shield of the Weak topics include:

Women and Politics in The Model CountryThe Nineteenth-Century Roots of Batllismo and Feminismo State Building and Women’s Organizing, 1880s–1915 Gender, Class, and the Politics of Compensation, 1910–1933Education, Social Assistance, and the State Liberal Feminism, 1916–1932: Class, Party, and Personal RivalriesThe Catholic Ladies’ League After Batlle, 1916–1932 Socialists and Communists, 1916–1932 ... Read more

Product Description
This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced typographical errors, and jumbled words.This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ... Read more

Product Description
This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced typographical errors, and jumbled words.This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ... Read more

Product Description
This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced typographical errors, and jumbled words.This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ... Read more

Product Description
This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced typographical errors, and jumbled words.This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ... Read more

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Jose Artigas, the national hero of Uruguay, fought in the years 1811-1820 for the creation and maintenance of an independent state on the banks of the River Plate. Dr Street's study takes Artigas as the principal figure and Uruguay as the chief state concerned, but it is also a history of the whole basin of the Plate during the period, giving proper weight to the Spanish and Portuguese influence, British commercial interests and military invasions, and the local rivalry between Montevideo and Buenos Aires. Uruguay eventually became a buffer state between the once Portuguese Brazil and the once Spanish Argentina. Dr Street shows that there had long been a feeling of Uruguayan nationalism, though this was at one time counterbalanced by a movement to federate the countries of the Plate. These tendencies, and the history of the region at this period are important in understanding the present status and relationships of Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil. ... Read more